【考研类试卷】考博英语-400及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-400 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs_it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.（分数：1.00）A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates2.Without proper lessons, you could_a lot of b

2、ad habits when playing the piano.（分数：1.00）A.keep upB.pick upC.draw upD.catch up3.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didnt_to the traffic jam of the busy city.（分数：1.00）A.aidB.amountC.addD.attribute4.A year ago the firm had a_loss of 4.3 million dollars or 20 cents a share af ter

3、all necessary deduction.（分数：1.00）A.totalB.grossC.netD.clear5.As we are on the point of_some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit standing.（分数：1.00）A.transmittingB.transferringC.transactingD.transporting6.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania,_defended t

4、he right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.（分数：1.00）A.peculiarlyB.indifferentlyC.vigorouslyD.inevitably7.Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the bodys need for it from natural sources without turning_the salt bottle.（分数：1.00）A.upB.toC.onD.over8._his sister, Ja

5、ck is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.（分数：1.00）A.DislikeB.UnlikeC.AlikeD.Liking9.The mayor is a woman with great_and therefore deserves our political and financial support.（分数：1.00）A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity10.When people become unemployed, it is_which is often wo

6、rse than lack of wages.（分数：1.00）A.lazinessB.povertyC.idlenessD.inability11.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,_suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.（分数：1.00）A.whileB.sinceC.afterD.as12.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest

7、_to everyone.（分数：1.00）A.speculationB.attributionC.utilizationD.proposition13.Tony is very disappointed_the results of the exam.（分数：1.00）A.withB.forC.towardD.on14.You dont have to install this radio in your new car. Its an_extr（分数：1.00）A.A. excessiveB. optionalC. additionalD. arbitrary15.In previous

8、times, when fresh meat was in short_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.（分数：1.00）A.storeB.provisionC.reserveD.supply16.We shall send you commercial invoice, bills of lading and insurance certificates so that you can_the goods on a D/P basis.（分数：1.00）A.consumeB.complainC.concer

9、nD.claim17.Cancellation of the flight_many passengers to spend the night at the airport.（分数：1.00）A.resultedB.obligedC.demandedD.recommended18.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly and be_（分数：1.00）A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual19.I suggested he should_himself to his new conditions

10、.（分数：1.00）A.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit20.We have at present not any_of the furniture as you required.（分数：1.00）A.markB.inventoryC.stockD.account二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)There are three separate sources of hazard (21) to the use of nuclear reaction to sup ply us with energy. Firstly, the radio

11、active material must travel from its place of manufac ture to the power station. (22) the power stations themselves are solidly built, the con tainer used for transport of the material are not. Unfortunately , there are (23) only two methods of transport available, namely, road or rail, and both of

12、these (24) close con tact with the general public, (25) the routes are (26) to pass near, or even through, crowdedly populated areas.Secondly, there is a problem of wastes. All nuclear power stations produce wastes which (27) will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is (28) to de-active th

13、ese wastes, and so they must be stored (29) one of the ingenious but cumbersome ways that scientists have invented. For example, they must be buried under the ground or sunk in the sea. However, these (30) do not solve the problem completely, they merely store it, since an earthquake could (31) open

14、 the containers like nuts.Thirdly, there is the problem of accidental exposure (32) to a leak or an explosion at the power station. Compared with the other two hazards, this is not very likely and does not provide a serious (33) to the nuclear program, (34) it can happen, as the inhabitants of Har r

15、isburg will tell you.Separately, and during short periods, these three types of risk are no great cause for concern. Taken together, though, and especially (35) much longer periods, the proba bility of a disaster is extremely high.（分数：15.00）A.relatedB.connectedC.associatedD.affiliatedA.HenceB.Althou

16、ghC.ThereforeD.HoweverA.regularlyB.typicallyC.normallyD.commonlyA.concernB.involveC.includeD.containA.sinceB.althoughC.whileD.soA.boundB.closeC.nearD.sureA.in most casesB.in the most casesC.in any casesD.in such casesA.importantB.improbableC.impossibleD.incredibleA.inB.byC.withD.onA.meansB.waysC.mea

17、suresD.methodsA.crackB.crashC.clashD.collide(12).A attached B. due C. relevant D. owing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.disapprovalB.disagreementC.protestD.objectionA.butB.sinceC.soD.henceA.inB.atC.overD.for三、Section Reading Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)1On the morning of September 11th, I boarded the train from Washington

18、Heights in Upper Manhattan just as usual and went to the Body Positive office in the South Street Seaport of Lower Manhattan. While I was leaving the subway at 8.53 am, a man ran down the street screaming, “Someone just bombed the World Trade Center. “ Those around me screamed and shouted “No!“ in d

19、isbelief. However, being an amateur photographer, and thinking that I might be able to help out, I ran directly toward the WTC. I stopped just short of the WTC at a corner and looked up. There before me stood the gaping hole and fire that had taken over the first building. I stood there in shock tak

20、ing pictures, wanting to run even closer to help out, but I could not move. Soon I saw what looked like little angels floating down from the top of the building. I began to cry when I realized that these “an gels“ -in fact, desperate office workers-were coming down, some one-by-one, some even holdin

21、g hands with another. Could I actually be seeing this disaster unfold with hundreds of people around me crying, screaming and running for safety?As I watched in horror, another white airliner came from the south and took aim at the South Tower. As the plane entered the building, there was an explosi

22、on and fire and soon debris (碎片) began to fall around me. It was then that I realized that we were being attacked and that this was just not a terrible accident. Yet, I still could not move, until I was pushed down by the crowd on the street, many now in a panic running toward the wa ter, as far fro

23、m the WTC as they could possibly get. All around me were the visual re minders of hundreds of people running in panic. There were shoes, hats, briefcases, pocketbooks, newspapers, and other personal items dropped as hundreds of people ran for safety.Much has been written about the disaster already.

24、We have learned so much in such a small amount of time about appreciating life. In some way we must move forward, bury the dead, build a memorial for those lost, and begin the coping and healing process for the survivors. But healing takes time. Some have been able to head right back to work, others

25、 seek counseling, while others remain walking through the streets with expressionless faces. However, we are all united in our grief.（分数：5.00）(1).According to paragraph one, the authors office was_.（分数：1.00）A.at Washington HeightsB.just beside the World Trade CenterC.in the South Street SeaportD.far

26、 from the WTC(2).The passage tells us that the author_.（分数：1.00）A.was a social workerB.worked in the Body Positive office near the WTOC.was asked to take some pictures of WTCD.ran toward WTC because he wanted to make out what was happening(3).What was his first reflection when he stood at the corner

27、?（分数：1.00）A.There was a terrible accident in which an airliner struck the first building.B.A terrorist attack against America had begun.C.People were floating down from the top of the building as if they wanted to break a world record.D.He was just at a loss and could not make out what had happene(4

28、).What was the immediate reaction of the author on seeing all this?（分数：1.00）A.He watched in horror taking pictures, but couldnt move.B.He ran nearer to help out.C.He ran nearer to take pictures.D.He ran away to try to find a shelter.(5).In the last paragraph, the authors attitude is that_.（分数：1.00）A

29、.different people have different ideasB.however difficult the situation is, people should unite and move forwardC.people should go back to work immediatelyD.people shouldnt walk with expressionless faces2On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: intentional

30、ly administering a lethal (致死的) drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books

31、, punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who car ries it out will not be prosecuted.Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“ is a crime everywhere in Western Eu- rope. But more and more doctors and nurses read

32、ily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passive“ form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering eutha- nasia issue has lately boiled over into a, sometimes, fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see

33、 themselves upholding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of hu mane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances.

34、 An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy in Europe since at least 1936, when a bill was introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized merc

35、y killing under very tightly supervised conditions. That bill failed, as have three others introduced in the House of Lords since then.Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. Therefore, lingering chronic diseases

36、have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death. And the euthanasists argue that every hu man being should have the right to “die with dignity,“ by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization (住院治疗).Most experts believe that euthan

37、asia will continue to be practiced no matter what the law says.（分数：5.00）(1).What do you think is the standpoint of the author on this problem?（分数：1.00）A.He is a fence-sitter.B.He is afraid that the situation may get out of control.C.He is strongly against euthanasia.D.He supports euthanasia whole-he

38、artedly.(2).From the passage we can see that in Holland_.（分数：1.00）A.a doctor who practices euthanasia will not be punishedB.euthanasia is regarded as illegalC.euthanasia is very popularD.active euthanasia is still illegal, but people often tolerate an experienced doctor who carries it out(3).What is

39、 the comment of the author on the problem of euthanasia?（分数：1.00）A.Euthanasia is not regarded as a crime in France.B.More and more medical workers like to practice euthanasia, no matter what form it takes.C.The problem of euthanasia is now being debated heatedly and openly.D.There is not much differ

40、ence between “active“ and “passive“ euthanasi(4).Which of the following statements can not be found in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Those opposed euthanasia say that they believe the right to live is sacred.B.Those in favor of euthanasia maintain that they are for humane treatment.C.Recently the advocates

41、 of euthanasia have got more support from the public.D.More and more people Iike to have the law change(5).Which of the following is the most reasonable cause of euthanasia?（分数：1.00）A.People dont like to live too long.B.People dont like to suffer from lasting chronic diseases.C.People dont like to b

42、e hospitalized.D.People dont like to become a burden of others.3Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the tradi

43、tional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical“ Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys mo

44、re consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in crea ture comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal unique ness, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the

45、 technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Ameri canization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life“ will lead to the dis appearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and th

46、e cultivation of the good things in life-to joy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of con versation in a local care?Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strong

47、est critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spi

48、te of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a mod ern, industrial France is preferable to the o

49、ld.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is not given as a feature of the old French way of life?（分数：1.00）A.Leisure.B.Elegance.C.Efficiency.D.Tast(2).Which of the following is NOT related to the new French way of life?（分数：1.00）A.Shorter lunch hour.B.Greater output.C.Creature comfort.D.Leisurely care talk.(3).Nowadays few Frenchmen_.（分数：1.00）A.prefer the modern life styleB.actually enjoy working at the assembly lineC.are more concerned with money than