【考研类试卷】考博英语-381及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-381 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.What is the “big bang“ theory of cetacean predation? _.（分数：2.00）A.Sixty-eight species of odontocetes use sound to

2、 locate their victimsB.Toothed whales use sound as weaponsC.Whales and humans have vestigial structuresD.Whale teeth, once sharp, have become somewhat short and uneven2.The primary purpose of this passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.argue for a ban on the capture of whales and dolphinsB.describe the evolutio

3、n of whalesC.report a possible explanation for the lack of teeth marks on whales victimsD.reveal the flaws in the “big bang“ theory of cetacean predation3.It can be concluded from the passage that the “big bang“ theory is _.（分数：2.00）A.a factB.a disproved hypothesisC.an unsupported opinionD.an idea w

4、ith some supporting evidence4.As used in the passage, moderate most nearly means _.（分数：2.00）A.directB.lessenC.move to middleD.use5.The underlined word enigma means _.（分数：2.00）A.debateB.factC.mysteryD.proof六、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)6.Which conclusion is best supported by information in the passage?（

5、分数：2.00）A.Rachel Blythe and Olga have similar reading tastes.B.Adele Kwan is a best-selling author.C.Rachel Blythe docs not read novels that are plot-driven.D.Violet has become more outspoken since her mov7.Which of these is the best summary of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Voicing his disappointment in Ad

6、ele Kwans latest novel, Carlo Dante writhes a book review criticizing the book as uninteresting lacking in plot.B.To help her decide whether to purchase Adele Kwans new book, The Newcomer, Olga reads opposing book reviews in her high school newspaper.C.As a supporter of character-centrered novels, R

7、achel Blythe writes a book review defending Adele Kwans The Newcomer because she feels many people will enjoy the book.D.Olga enjoys the character-centered books of Adele Kwan and would like to read another one if it is interesting and is written in the same styl8.Based on information in tile passag

8、e, the reader can conclude Violets primary source of conflict stems from her _.（分数：2.00）A.not being fluent in ChineseB.difficulties with her schoolworkC.parents being extremely strictD.familys move to Washington State9.Based on information in the reviews, with which statement would both Carlo Dante

9、and Rachel Blythe probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The Newcomer is an action-adventure story.B.Violet is outgoing, even around strangers.C.The Newcomer is a powerful and captivating book.D.Violet has a strong bond with family members.10.When Olga read Rachel Blythes review, she probably felt _.（分数：2.00）A.e

10、ncouragedB.indifferentC.confusedD.depressed七、Passage 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)11.The passage suggests that most important cities in ancient Greece had an acropolis to _.（分数：2.00）A.protect themselves in case of invasionB.house a ParthenonC.imprison the Persian forcesD.honor Pericles12.The author of the passa

11、ge probably views the Parthenon with _.（分数：2.00）A.amusementB.suspicionC.amazementD.disapproval13.What is the approximate length of the Parthenon?（分数：2.00）A.60 feetB.100 feetC.200 feetD.500 feet14.The reader can conclude that the Parthenon _.（分数：2.00）A.had columns made of limestoneB.required much eff

12、ort to buildC.had a palace inside for the leader of AthensD.was never completely finished15.In this passage, the word “annihilated“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.destroyed completelyB.understoodC.examined carefullyD.survived八、Passage 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)16.What does “to zero out“ mean?（分数：2.00）A.to lose a special

13、 item or treasureB.to gain solar powerC.to pay for more reliable electrical powerD.to owe the electric utility company nothing17.According to the article, when a homeowner puts in a solar roof, her worries about blackouts or power rates might be over. Why might that be true?（分数：2.00）A.Solar power ma

14、y be less expensive and more reliable than power supplied by utility companies.B.Her roof wont leak with the heavy solar panels on top of the roof.C.Putting in a solar roof is still an expensive preposition.D.Super-efficient appliances use less electricity than regular appliances.18.What docs “off t

15、he grid“ mean in the context of this story?（分数：2.00）A.living in a suburban neighborhoodB.living in the only house in a wide areaC.living without the utility companys electrical powerD.living without any electricity from any source19.In a month of work days (approximately 20), how many calls could th

16、e solar contractor expect if this current rate continues unchanged?（分数：2.00）A.60B.30C.150D.12020.According to the article, the California energy commission has received 200 project applications in one month. If that rate continues, approximately how many applications will they receive his entire yea

17、r?（分数：2.00）A.2400B.1200C.200D.3600九、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：15.00)21.The criminals _ for leniency was ignored by the jurors.（分数：0.50）A.protestB.demandC.pleaD.defence22.Despite his disappointing record this year, I _ feel he is the best man in our team.（分数：0.50）A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.moreoverD.

18、nonetheless23.Some people believe that “King John“ was written by Shakespeare, but some people it might be written by an _ author.（分数：0.50）A.deliveredB.anonymousC.antiqueD.ambiguous24.His health deteriorated rapidly due to insufficient nutrition and _ medical care.（分数：0.50）A.satisfactoryB.unfitC.inc

19、ompleteD.inadequate25.One of Freuds great _ into the human personality was the discovery of how it is influenced by unconscious processes.（分数：0.50）A.convictionsB.conceptsC.insightsD.instincts26.As a result of their frequent litters, rabbits have the reputation of being _.（分数：0.50）A.ruthlessB.prolifi

20、cC.practicalD.rational27.The floor of his study was occupied by a _ mass of books and papers.（分数：0.50）A.callousB.hecticC.chaoticD.cute28.Because of the bombing that killed six people Washington has been urging the spokesman to _ terrorism more severely.（分数：0.50）A.chargeB.censorC.blameD.denounce29.Th

21、e children glanced _ at the box of candy they were told not to touch.（分数：0.50）A.eminentlyB.covertlyC.excessivelyD.graciously30.My work is not very profitable _ money, but Im getting valuable experience out of it.（分数：0.50）A.in exchange forB.in terms ofC.concerningD.for the matter of31.She felt dizzy

22、and had to _ something to steady herself.（分数：0.50）A.hold ontoB.hold upC.hold forthD.hold down32.He offered her a trip to Australia but she _ him _ flat.（分数：0.50）A.brokedownB.turneddownC.strippedofD.cutoff33.The great American scientist Edison had a remarkable _ for inventing new things.（分数：0.50）A.re

23、quirementB.aptitudeC.obligationD.vulnerability34.Its strange that Peter _ his uncle in every way.（分数：0.50）A.takes onB.takes toC.takes afterD.takes down35.Today well discuss proposals _ the improvement of quality. M1 other proposals will be left to the next meeting.（分数：0.50）A.similar toB.relevant toC

24、.familiar withD.regarded as36.Howard Johnson _ a better brand of ice cream and a new way to sell it.（分数：0.50）A.came up withB.came toC.came acrossD.came off37.When automation is introduced into the factory, all the work done by hand will _ the assembly line.（分数：0.50）A.give way toB.take the place ofC.

25、have a say inD.be contributed to38.A year has _ and there is no sign of the situation getting any better.（分数：0.50）A.emergedB.enclosedC.claspedD.expired39.His production techniques are elaborate and near legendary, but even if they could be _, it wouldnt be the same for any other people.（分数：0.50）A.re

26、sembledB.approximatedC.duplicatedD.undertaken40.In charge of an army of seven thousand men, he _ the oriental city for nine months and finally defeated it.（分数：0.50）A.intrudedB.hauntedC.besiegedD.possessed41.It _ you didnt get the ticket. The play wasnt good anyway.（分数：0.50）A.is all rightB.is just as

27、 wellC.doesnt matterD.serves you right42.Lawyer have a terrible habit of using Latin and industry _ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.（分数：0.50）A.inflectionsB.dialectsC.accentD.jargon43.I spent the whole day yesterday rearranging my books _ their subjects and frequency of use.（分数：0.50）A.

28、as regardsB.as againstC.as ofD.as from44.During an international crisis, many _ messages will generally emanate from the presidents office.（分数：0.50）A.confidentialB.abstruseC.appallingD.compelling45.The famous actress was imposed heavy _ for non-payment of taxes.（分数：0.50）A.disreputeB.penaltiesC.popul

29、arityD.scandal46.Some events and phenomena of outer nature _ ordinary explanation and ordinary experience.（分数：0.50）A.transcendB.conquerC.prevailD.trespass47.Edison is _ the invention of the photograph.（分数：0.50）A.attributed toB.contributed toC.referred toD.credited with48.He cannot see anything witho

30、ut his glasses, so he made a _ of remembering to get them fixed before he went to work.（分数：0.50）A.choreB.successC.pointD.mess49.In its broadest sense, attribution theory is concerned with how ordinary people make sense of the world and it _ more controllable and predictable by making attributions as

31、 to the causes of peoples behaviors and events.（分数：0.50）A.deliveredB.renderedC.practicedD.suffocated50.Giordano Bruno strongly supported Copernicuss idea that the earth was not the center of the universe. Bruno was rewarded by being burned at the stake for this and other _ ideas.（分数：0.50）A.faithfulB

32、.hereticalC.bibliographicalD.hysterical十、Part Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、When youre negotiat(总题数：15，分数：15.00)51.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_52.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_53.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_54.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_55.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_56.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_57.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_58.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_59.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_60.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_61.（分

33、数：1.00）填空项 1:_62.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_63.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_64.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_65.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_十二、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：10.00)66.我们所知的事实是，战争并非像很多人相信的那样完全是“人性”的产物。如果正如许多人所信的那样，战争和人与人之间的暴力会在整个人类历史上并且在所有或者几乎所有的社会里存在。事实并非如此。考古学家的调查结果似乎表明人类在很久以前是比较讲和平的。举例来说，在早先的法国洞穴绘画里，早于约公元前 10，000 年的绘画中没有人与人打仗的画面。这一点提示，

34、在人类早期那段时间里，相对而言人与人打仗是鲜为人知的。从某种意义上讲，这一发现并没有什么可以大惊小怪的。在动物世界中，动物捕杀自己种类的现象是很少见的。他们确实捕杀其他种类的动物，但是不会捕杀他们自己的种类。像大多数动物一样，早期的人类中出现人类内部暴力的比例相对较低。因此，战争不是人性固有的产物，而是某些社会和文化条件产生的结果。（分数：10.00）_十三、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)67.（分数：20.00）_考博英语-381 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Secti

35、on A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.What is the “big bang“ theory of cetacean predation? _.（分数：2.00）A.Sixty-eight species of odontocetes use sound to locate their victims B.Toothed whales use sound as weaponsC.Whales and humans

36、 have vestigial structuresD.Whale teeth, once sharp, have become somewhat short and uneven解析：第二段具体说明“big bang“ theory 的内容，其中第二句“He points out that all 68 species of odontocetes (a sub-order that includes dolphins) ues sound to locate their victims“，对照选项 A。2.The primary purpose of this passage is to

37、_.（分数：2.00）A.argue for a ban on the capture of whales and dolphinsB.describe the evolution of whalesC.report a possible explanation for the lack of teeth marks on whales victims D.reveal the flaws in the “big bang“ theory of cetacean predation解析：文章第一段第一句“One of the greatest mysteries in the study of

38、 Cetacea(aquatic mammals)has always been that the creatures found in the stomachs of toothed whales show no teeth marks“描述了一个难以解释的现象，即在有牙齿的鲸鱼腹内发现的生物身上并没有齿痕；接下来第二句 “Now a University of California at Santa Cruz professor thinks he may have solved the enigma with what he calls the“ big bang “theory of

39、cetacean predation“，针对前面的现象提出了一种理论“big bang“ theory 来予以解释，后面几段一直在围绕这种理论展开介绍和评论，因此选 C。3.It can be concluded from the passage that the “big bang“ theory is _.（分数：2.00）A.a factB.a disproved hypothesisC.an unsupported opinionD.an idea with some supporting evidence 解析：第四段第一句“It is difficult to test the b

40、ig bang theory because in captivity“，第五段第一句“But Norris points to the male narwhal as tacit proof of his theory“，综合起来也就是说该理论难以验证但有一些支持性的证据。4.As used in the passage, moderate most nearly means _.（分数：2.00）A.directB.lessen C.move to middleD.use解析：moderate 减轻，缓和。5.The underlined word enigma means _.（分数：2

41、.00）A.debateB.factC.mystery D.proof解析：enigma 难于理解的问题、人、物、情况等；奥秘六、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)6.Which conclusion is best supported by information in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Rachel Blythe and Olga have similar reading tastes. B.Adele Kwan is a best-selling author.C.Rachel Blythe docs not read novels that

42、are plot-driven.D.Violet has become more outspoken since her mov解析：Rachel Blythe 和 Olga都喜欢 character-centered的小说，而其他三项或是文中没有提到，或是和文中句子意思相反，所以选 A。7.Which of these is the best summary of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Voicing his disappointment in Adele Kwans latest novel, Carlo Dante writhes a book review cr

43、iticizing the book as uninteresting lacking in plot.B.To help her decide whether to purchase Adele Kwans new book, The Newcomer, Olga reads opposing book reviews in her high school newspaper. C.As a supporter of character-centrered novels, Rachel Blythe writes a book review defending Adele Kwans The

44、 Newcomer because she feels many people will enjoy the book.D.Olga enjoys the character-centered books of Adele Kwan and would like to read another one if it is interesting and is written in the same styl解析：文章包括三部分：一、Olga 为什么要读这两篇评论；二、Carlo Dante 的评论内容；三、 Rachel Blythe的评论内容，列出两篇评论是 Olga要根据它们做出决定，选 B

45、。8.Based on information in tile passage, the reader can conclude Violets primary source of conflict stems from her _.（分数：2.00）A.not being fluent in ChineseB.difficulties with her schoolworkC.parents being extremely strictD.familys move to Washington State 解析：Violet 之所以要适应新环境是因为她搬到了很远的地方，而 A、B、C 三项文中

46、没有提到。9.Based on information in the reviews, with which statement would both Carlo Dante and Rachel Blythe probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The Newcomer is an action-adventure story.B.Violet is outgoing, even around strangers.C.The Newcomer is a powerful and captivating book.D.Violet has a strong bond with

47、family members. 解析：Carlo Dante 的评论第三段第二句“I particularly enjoyed learning about Chinese American culture and Violets strong family ties“，Rachel Blythe 的评论第三段第二句“We first experience her world in San Francisco，where she is surrounded by Chinese American traditions and the support of an extended family“，都是在说 Violet和家人的关系密切。也可以用排除法，A、B、C 三项在文中都可以找到明确的句子来证明有误。10.When Olga read Rachel Blythes review, she probably felt _.（分数：2.00）A.encouraged B.indifferentC.confused