【考研类试卷】考博英语-374及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-374 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)1.According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is _.（分数：2.00）A.the subjects knowledge of grammarB.the amount of sleep the subject has hadC.the level of arousal of the subjectD.the extent to which the subject has

2、been taught to mason2.When a typist gets tired, _.（分数：2.00）A.she has to try hard to raise her automaticB.she can type only automaticallyC.she cannot think about what she is doingD.she can seldom type automatically3.The author believes that _.（分数：2.00）A.the results obtained in the laboratory exactly

3、reflects the real-life situationsB.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill upC.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations eau be closed by proper reasoningD.the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will b

4、e reduced4.According to the brain blood flow studies, problem solving _.（分数：2.00）A.increases blood flow in some areas of the brainB.causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brainC.demands intense concentration of blood in certain areasD.is based on the ability to recite the time5.Examining

5、 bottles of wine is hard work because _.（分数：2.00）A.the bottles must be held upside downB.it is difficult to see the particles of dirtC.it requires high level of automaticD.most bottles are all right6.A “knock out“ is arranged _.（分数：2.00）A.to keep the price in the auction room lowB.to allow one deale

6、r only to make a profitC.to increase the auctioneers profitD.to help the auctioneer7.A candle used to burn at auction sales _.（分数：2.00）A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made8.The auctioneer may

7、 decide to sell the “lots“ out of order because _.（分数：2.00）A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyers9.An auctioneer likes to get high prices

8、 for the goods he sells because _.（分数：2.00）A.then he earns more himselfB.the dealers are pleasedC.the anction-rooms become world famousD.it keeps the customers interested10.An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.（分数：2.00）A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be s

9、oldC.the order in which goods must be soldD.free admission to the auction sale11.The authors knowledge of Tibet is probably _.（分数：2.00）A.based on firsthand experienceB.the result of lifelong studiesC.derived from books onlyD.limited to geological history12.The species of fauna and flora remaining in

10、 Tibet after the Pleistocene glaciation can properly be called continental because they _.（分数：2.00）A.are originally found in continental climatesB.are the only life forms in Tibet, which is as big as a continentC.have been found in other parts of the Asian continentD.are found in land mass that used

11、 to be a separate continent13.According to the passage, which of the following would probably be the most agreeable to Montesquieu?（分数：2.00）A.All regions have different soils and thus, different cultures.B.Some regions with similar climates will have similar cultures.C.Cultures in the same area, sha

12、ring soil and climate, will be essentially identical.D.The plants of a country, by being the food of its people, cause the people to have similar views to one another.14.The purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.analyze the possible causal links between Tibetan ecology and societyB.describe the

13、social organization of typical Tibetan villagesC.describe Tibetan fauna and floraD.analyze the mysteries of the sudden appearance of the Himalayas15.What are the “unusual traits or situations“ referred to in the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.Patterns of animal and plant growth.B.Food and food preparatio

14、n patterns of the upland Tibetans.C.Social and familial organization of typical Tibetan society.D.All of the abov16.Connerly insists that the Courts ruling should _.（分数：2.00）A.win approval from Californian voters before it is put in effectB.be contested by the Michigan voters with an opinion pollC.b

15、e applied in some states before it is extended to other statesD.produce the intended practical effect before it is widely accepted17.Which of the following is True about affirmative action according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.A vast majority of people support it.B.The minorities claim it to be a discrim

16、inatory policy.C.The minority students are more likely to welcome it.D.The Courts decision will certainly change peoples attitude to it.18.What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that _.（分数：2.00）A.no admission policies based on race should be implemented.B.minority applicant

17、s should be given favorable considerations.C.different standards for admitting minority students should be set up.D.selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory policies.19.It can be inferred from the text that one of the major objectives of affirmative action is t

18、o _.（分数：2.00）A.ensure race-neutral programs are set up in college and universitiesB.adapt the Supreme Courts ruling to college situationsC.formulate the right policies for college admissionsD.discourage the practice of racial discrimination in college admissions20.What is the attitude of the Departm

19、ent of Education towards affirmative action?（分数：2.00）A.NeutralityB.ObjectionC.ApprovalD.Indifference六、Part English-Chine(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Part Chinese-Engli(总题数：2，分数：15.00)21.一位负责扶贫工作的官员说，到 2004 年底，尽管大多数贫困人口将解决温饱问题，还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们，他们还需要政府资助。此外，对于那些刚刚脱贫的人们，他们目前的生活状况必须改善，因为他们的生产和生活状况没有从根本上被改变。如果遭受自然灾害的袭

20、击，就可能回到原来的贫困状况。另外，现在的贫困线标准非常低，要使全体中国人过更好的生活，长期的艰苦斗争将必不可少。（分数：7.50）_22.中国的饮食方式正在发生许多变化。众所周知，中国的饮食文化具有悠久的历史。人们采用肉、蔬菜、豆制品等能做出各种美味食品，但往往耗时多。这一点与快节奏的现代社会极不相符。如今我们有了许多不同的选择：除传统家常菜外，还有营养保健配餐和方便可口的快餐食品。由于午休时间短，人们不愿在吃上花时间，因而各种快捷、便宜的快餐成了人们，特别是年轻人的首选。（分数：7.50）_九、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：30.00)23.4你对我国政府所采取措施的态度或看

21、法（分数：30.00）_考博英语-374 答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)1.According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is _.（分数：2.00）A.the subjects knowledge of grammarB.the amount of sleep the subject has hadC.the level of arousal of the subject D.the extent to which the

22、subject has been taught to mason解析：由最后一段最后一句“when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and better at”可知缺少睡眠能提高医生的警觉性，从而使推理能力提高，所以选 C。2.When a typist gets tired, _.（分数：2.00）A.she has to try hard to raise her automatic B.she can type only automaticallyC.she cannot think about what she is doi

23、ngD.she can seldom type automatically解析：“To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost”一句指出，当打字员疲劳时，她应该提高清醒度和注意力，提高这种自动性。但过了二定程度，这种自动性就会丧失。D 错在 seldom 一词，她不是几乎不能自动地打字，通过提高注意力她还是可以维持一段时间，之后才会丧失自动性。3.The author believes that _

24、.（分数：2.00）A.the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situationsB.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill upC.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations eau be closed by proper reasoning D.the difference be

25、tween the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be reduced解析：由第三段第一句“there is still a considerable gap，but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain”可知 C 为正确答案。4.According to the brain blood flow studies, problem solving _.（分数：2.00）A.increases blo

26、od flow in some areas of the brainB.causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brain C.demands intense concentration of blood in certain areasD.is based on the ability to recite the time解析：根据第二段最后一句可知。5.Examining bottles of wine is hard work because _.（分数：2.00）A.the bottles must be held upsi

27、de downB.it is difficult to see the particles of dirtC.it requires high level of automaticD.most bottles are all right 解析：文中第五段中间“is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low”正对应着选项 D 中的“most bottles are right”6.A “knock out“ is arranged _.（分数：2.00）A.to keep the price in

28、the auction room low B.to allow one dealer only to make a profitC.to increase the auctioneers profitD.to help the auctioneer解析：文中最后一部分介绍了“knock out”，即竟拍方事先达成协议，选出一位为代表参与况竞拍，其他人不参与，其目的就是避免相互之间的竞争，从而能以较低的价格买下物品。7.A candle used to burn at auction sales _.（分数：2.00）A.because they took place at nightB.as

29、a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made 解析：从文中第二段最后一句可知。8.The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots“ out of order because _.（分数：2.00）A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience that certain people will want

30、 to buy certain items C.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyers解析：从文中第四段中间“The 质 auctioneer need not begin with Lot he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested”可看出拍卖师打

31、乱顺序是为了投竞拍人之所好，所以 B 为正确选项。9.An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because _.（分数：2.00）A.then he earns more himself B.the dealers are pleasedC.the anction-rooms become world famousD.it keeps the customers interested解析：从第四段最后两句可看出，拍卖师是按物品拍卖价格的比例收费的，其收入与成交价格直接相关，所以他才会尽量拍出好价格。10.An

32、 auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.（分数：2.00）A.the current market values of the goodsB.details of the goods to be sold C.the order in which goods must be soldD.free admission to the auction sale解析：从第四段说：“拍卖前通常会发布广告介绍拍卖品的详细情况以及未来的买主在何时、何地看这些物品。如果广告不能提供详细情况，就会印制目录，一起出卖的每组物品被叫做lot，通常会给一个编号。拍卖

33、者不需要从第一组开始一直按编号顺序进行下去。”可见一般广告用来给出拍卖物品的细节，但它不足以给出时，就编制目录来给出足够的细节，目录虽给每组商品编了号，但并不是非得按此顺序进行。所以 B 为正确答案。C 说物品一定要按目录的顺序拍卖，这与原文不符。11.The authors knowledge of Tibet is probably _.（分数：2.00）A.based on firsthand experienceB.the result of lifelong studiesC.derived from books only D.limited to geological histor

34、y解析：文中第一段涉及了“Montesquieus view”；第三段中引用了“Armand”的描述；第四段中讲到了“Lattimore”和“Kawakita”的看法。作者对西藏的知识应该是从书本中获得的，文章也并没有涉及作者自己的研究和经历；因此答案为 C。12.The species of fauna and flora remaining in Tibet after the Pleistocene glaciation can properly be called continental because they _.（分数：2.00）A.are originally found in

35、 continental climates B.are the only life forms in Tibet, which is as big as a continentC.have been found in other parts of the Asian continentD.are found in land mass that used to be a separate continent解析：从第三段中“Thus after the end of the glaciation there were only a few varieties of life extant fro

36、m the original continental species”一句可知 A 是正确答案。13.According to the passage, which of the following would probably be the most agreeable to Montesquieu?（分数：2.00）A.All regions have different soils and thus, different cultures.B.Some regions with similar climates will have similar cultures.C.Cultures

37、in the same area, sharing soil and climate, will be essentially identical. D.The plants of a country, by being the food of its people, cause the people to have similar views to one another.解析：文中第一段“Montesquieus view of climate and soil as cultural determinants”：一个地区的气候和土壤是文化的决定因素。这正好与 C 项相符合。C 强调的是同

38、一个地区。要与 B 项相区别，B项强调的是“Some regions”，是不同的地区，且没有提到土壤。14.The purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.analyze the possible causal links between Tibetan ecology and society B.describe the social organization of typical Tibetan villagesC.describe Tibetan fauna and floraD.analyze the mysteries of the sud

39、den appearance of the Himalayas解析：由第四段“The difficulties of living in an environmentare greatThese difficulties may well have influenced the unusual polyandrous(一妻多夫制)societies typical of the region”可以看出答案为 A。整篇文章均围绕这个话题展开，B，C，D 三项只是文中部分提及。15.What are the “unusual traits or situations“ referred to in

40、 the first sentence?（分数：2.00）A.Patterns of animal and plant growth.B.Food and food preparation patterns of the upland Tibetans.C.Social and familial organization of typical Tibetan society.D.All of the abov 解析：第三段中“the Tibetan uplands had a dry，continental climate with vegetation and animal life sim

41、ilar to”表明了 A 项；“with fewer than ten food crops，Tibetan” tea“is a major staple， perhaps replacing the unavailable vegetables”表明了 B 项；第四段中“the unusual polyandrous(一妻多夫制)societies”则表明了 C 项。因此答案为 D 项。16.Connerly insists that the Courts ruling should _.（分数：2.00）A.win approval from Californian voters bef

42、ore it is put in effectB.be contested by the Michigan voters with an opinion poll C.be applied in some states before it is extended to other statesD.produce the intended practical effect before it is widely accepted解析：从第二段中“It may be time for us tolet the(Michigan)voters decide if they want to use r

43、ace as a factor in admissions，”可得出答案。17.Which of the following is True about affirmative action according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.A vast majority of people support it.B.The minorities claim it to be a discriminatory policy.C.The minority students are more likely to welcome it. D.The Courts decision w

44、ill certainly change peoples attitude to it.解析：从文中倒数第二段的“with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites”可知少数种族的学生更可能欢迎这种照顾少数种族的做法。所以 C 正确，而 B 正好与此相反，不正确。A 说大多数都支持，不对。因为只有 54%认为这种做法应进行下去。D 的说法太武断了，只是一些教育家门推测判决可使一些反对者的意见改变。18.What the critics said in the first paragraph am

45、ounts to the idea that _.（分数：2.00）A.no admission policies based on race should be implemented. B.minority applicants should be given favorable considerations.C.different standards for admitting minority students should be set up.D.selective colleges and universities should be punished for their disc

46、riminatory policies.解析：本文的关键是理解“affirmative action”指的是什么。据剑桥英语词典解释：If a government or an organization takes affirmative action，it gives preference to women，black people，or other groups which are often treated unfairly，when it is choosing people for a job即是给妇女、黑人或其他在找工作中受歧视的弱势群体予特殊照顾的做法。本文一开始说“偏向性做法的

47、反对者说在大学入学标准上考虑种族这一因素的战斗还没完，尽管最高法院星期一的判决支持了多样生源的目标。绝大多数高等教育领袖都赞同这个判决，说它重新确认了美国大多数大学的选择政策。”可见最高院的判决反对偏向性政策，认为不应给少数种族以特殊照顾，即不应将种族作为一考虑因素，而应持一种种族中立的态度。这也是大多数大学的做法。后面的评论是平等机会中心的主席作出的，她的说法很含蓄，但她是反对基于种族的入学标准的。所以选 A。19.It can be inferred from the text that one of the major objectives of affirmative action i

48、s to _.（分数：2.00）A.ensure race-neutral programs are set up in college and universitiesB.adapt the Supreme Courts ruling to college situationsC.formulate the right policies for college admissionsD.discourage the practice of racial discrimination in college admissions 解析：文章第一段“the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body”指出：美国高等法院支持生源多样性的目标。与 D 项表达的意思相同，因此答案为 D。20.What is the