【考研类试卷】考博英语-357及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-357 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a _, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.（分数：1.00）A.fashionB.necessityC.proclivityD.nuisance2.Many well-educated people

2、 dont believe that _ will endanger freedom of speech.（分数：1.00）A.censershipB.censureshipC.sensorshipD.censorship3.And the topic “fat“ is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and _ of youth.（分数：1.00）A.vagueB.vigorC.vogueD.vulgar4.When the opposing player fouled John

3、, John let his anger _ his good sense and hit the boy back.（分数：1.00）A.got the feel ofB.got the hang ofC.got the better ofD.got the worst of5.The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the _ suggested.（分数：1.00）A.alterationsB.alte

4、rnativesC.alternationsD.altercations6.The _ of “snake“ is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body.（分数：1.00）A.connotationB.denominationC.donationD.denotation7.The word “foolish“ is too mild to describe your behavior, I would prefer the word _.（分数：1.00）A.ideologicalB.idyllicC.idioticD.id

5、iomatic8.Chinese often shake my hand and dont let go. They talk away contentedly, _ of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand.（分数：1.00）A.obliviousB.patentC.obviousD.pernicious9.All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully the risks and benefits.（分

6、数：1.00）A.valuingB.evaluatingC.estimatingD.weighing10.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has Germanys Touring Car Championship.（分数：1.00）A.conqueredB.contestedC.dominatedD.determined三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.The trade fair is designed to facilitate further coop

7、eration between Chinese auto industries and overseas auto industries.（分数：1.00）A.promoteB.protectC.preserveD.prolong12.The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.（分数：1.00）A.withdrawB.emergeC.recoverD.uncover13.We were discussing the housing problem

8、 when a middle-aged man cut in and said, “Theres no point in talking about impossibilities.“（分数：1.00）A.intersectB.interjectC.penetrateD.adulterate14.The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great many lives were lost.（分数：1.00）A.casualtyB.catastropheC.catalogueD

9、.crusade15.The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturers warranty that he will replace any defective part for five years or 50000 miles.A prohibition B. insurance C. prophecy D. guarantee（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many of the

10、 incidents are imaginary.（分数：1.00）A.fascinatingB.factitiousC.fastidiousD.fictitious17.In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that in Tokyo.（分数：1.00）A.contemptuousB.contagiousC.conspicuousD.contemplated18.Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but more serio

11、us ones will have to be investigated.（分数：1.00）A.exceedB.witherC.overpassD.neglect19.He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.（分数：1.00）A.rationalB.obscureC.worldlyD.eminent20.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure, he did not believe that wa

12、s his lot.（分数：1.00）A.submitB.commitC.transmitD.permit四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of

13、 fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited, there was no way to prevent spoilage, But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk.Ca

14、nned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought

15、at all times of the year.Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diet. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to shi

16、p perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes en

17、abled families to store perishables. All easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanize

18、d refrigerator replaced it in the 1920s and 1930s.（分数：5.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.Causes of food spoilageB.Commercial production of iceC.Inventions that led to changes in the American dietD.Population movement in the nineteenth century(2).The world “prevent“ in line 4 is

19、 closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.estimateB.avoidC.correctD.confine(3).During the 1860s, canned food products were _.（分数：1.00）A.unavailable in rural areasB.shipped in refrigerator carsC.available in limited quantitiesD.a staple part of the American diet(4).It can be inferred that railroad refriger

20、ator cars came into use _.（分数：1.00）A.before 1860B.before 1890C.after 1900D.after 1920(5).The author implies that in the 1920s and 1930s home deliveries of ice _.（分数：1.00）A.decreased in numberB.were on an irregular scheduleC.increased in cost .D.occurred only in the summer六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)

21、Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansio

22、n, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were inthe premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district. By the turn

23、of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate

24、 development and pulled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago; most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the

25、 metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800000 potential building sits to the Chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million people.（分数：5.00）(1).With which of the following subjects is the pass

26、age mainly concerned?（分数：1.00）A.Types of mass transportationB.Instability of urban lifeC.How supply and demand determine land useD.The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion(2).The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT.（分数：1.00）A.growth in

27、 city areaB.separation of commercial and residential districtsC.changes in life in the inner cityD.increasing standards of livin(3).The word “vast“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.largeB.basicC.newD.urban(4).The word “sparked“ in line 11 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.brought

28、aboutB.surroundedC.sent outD.followed(5).Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?（分数：1.00）A.To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growthB.To show that mass transit changed many citiesC.To exemplify cities with and without mass transportationD.To contrast their rate of growth七、P

29、assage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on par with other resources such as labour, material, and capital. This view stems from evidence that the possession, man

30、ipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness of many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one of the three traditional divisions of the

31、 economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labour force of the United States, giving rise to the so-called information society.As an individual and societal resou

32、rce, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its expansiveness is attributable to the followin

33、g: (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically and semantically.The second perception of information is that it is an economic

34、commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies-the information service sector. Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its individual and societal utility and value, this sector provides a broad range of inf

35、ormation products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U.S. information service sector had grown to about $ 25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the countrys computer market, which, in turn, represented roughly 40 percent of the global market in computers in that year. Ho

36、wever, the probable convergence of computers and television (which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers) and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure the respective market shares of the information industry before the onset of t

37、he 21st century.（分数：5.00）(1).The first paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.the remarkable rise in information-processing activitiesB.a sharp increase in information-intensive activitiesC.information as an economic resourceD.the birth of information society(2).It is not true that information can b

38、e _.（分数：1.00）A.condensedB.consumed through useC.shared by many peopleD.delivered at very high speed(3).According to this passage, the market share of _.（分数：1.00）A.the U. S. information service sector was equivalent to 40 percent of the global market shareB.the U. S. information service sector was ab

39、out one-seventh of the global market shareC.computers in the United States had reached about $ 3. 5 billion by 1992D.computers in the United States is much smaller than that of television(4).The proper title for this passage should be _.（分数：1.00）A.information societyB.characteristics of informationC

40、.two major utilitarian connotationsD.information as a resource and commodity(5).The characteristics of information are _ those of other economic resources.（分数：1.00）A.same withB.different fromC.contrary toD.opposite to八、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The development of writing was one of the great human i

41、nventions. It is difficult (36) many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written (37) . But children speak (38) they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with (39) written form. Among these people oral literature ab

42、ounds, and crucial knowledge (40) memorized and passed (41) generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brains storage capacity is finite. (42) overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles (43) through the years and centuries. Writing permits a society (44) permanently

43、 record its poetry, its history and its technology.It might be argued (45) today we have electronic means of recording sound and (46) to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete. (47) writing became extinct, there would be no knowledge of electronics (48) TV technicians to

44、 study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to (49) There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mail, no newspapers, no science. There would be (50) advantages: no bad novels, junk mail, poison-pen letters, or “unreadable“ income-tax forms, but the losses would

45、outweigh the (51) .There are almost as (52) legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are (53) the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes, (54) the alphabet and brought it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-e

46、yed dragon-god Tsang Chien invented writing. In (55) myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九

47、、Part Translation(总题数：5，分数：15.00)21.保持国民经济较快增长，是扩大就业、改善人民生活和维护社会稳定的基础，也是推进结构调整和深化改革的重要条件。（分数：3.00）_22.我们将继续积极利用外资，优化外商投资结构，鼓励和引导外商投资现代农业、高新技术产业、基础设施建设、西部开发和参与国有企业改造、重组。（分数：3.00）_23.连续四年实施积极的财政政策，对遏制通货紧缩趋势，克服世界经济增长减速带来的影响，促进国民经济持续快速健康发展，发挥了重大作用。（分数：3.00）_24.结合深化“收支两条线”管理改革，中央部门预算编制要全面反映部门预算内外收支状况，实行综合财政预算。（分数：3.00）_25.无形资产、借款费用、租赁三项具体会计准则的实施，将有助于进一步规范企业会计核算行为，增强上市公司会计信息的透明度和正确性。（分数