【考研类试卷】考博英语-2及答案解析.doc
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1、考博英语-2 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、BPart Reading (总题数:4,分数:20.00)BPassage 1/BFrom the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery.
2、It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women an
3、d children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly ;aid that when a man is sitting behind a steering wh
4、eel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering, wheels. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, will
5、ful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their bidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his conv
6、enience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code w
7、ere created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few e
8、xamples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or sol the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all
9、 vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. G
10、overnments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual t
11、oll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.(分数:5.00)(1).The main idea of this passage is _.(分数:1.00)A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.thousands of people the world over are killed each yearC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.
12、only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents(2).What does the author think of society toward motorists?(分数:1.00)A.Society criticizes the motorists severely.B.Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.C.Society overlooks their rude driving.D.Victims of accidents are nothing.(3).Why does th
13、e author say. “his car becomes the extension of his personality“?(分数:1.00)A.Driving can show his real self.B.Driving can show the other part of his personality.C.Driving can bring out his character.D.His car embodies his temper.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic acc
14、idents?(分数:1.00)A.Build more highways.B.Stricter driving tests.C.Test drivers every three years.D.Raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.(5).The attitude of the author is _.(分数:1.00)A.ironicalB.criticalC.appealingD.militantBPassage 2/BClimatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the co
15、mposition of the Earths atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere-for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases-the climate would probably change also. A slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the hem-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead
16、 to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the mount of solar energy reaching the Earth surface.The level of carbon dioxide, CO2 in the atmosphere has important effect on climatic change. Most o
17、f the Earths incoming energy is short-wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmospheric CO2 easily. The Earth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long-wavelength radiation, Which CO2 absorbs and then remits toward the Earth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effe
18、ct, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet. An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly of CO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430. If the CO 2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperatu
19、re falls. According to one respectable theory, if the atmospheric CO2 concentration were halved, the Earth would become completely covered with ice. Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of the CO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3.
20、If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activity, the CO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produced. Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability of CO2, would probably increase. As a consequence, plants would use more and more CO2.
21、Eventually CO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die; CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation
22、 in the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increase and decrease of a set magnitude.Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level of CO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1. But a supposed global te
23、mperature rise of 1 may in reality be only several regional temperature increase, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing
24、 an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations.(分数:5.00)(1).The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?(分数:1.00)A.Why are projections of the effects of changes in water vapor levels on the cli
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