【考研类试卷】考博英语-299及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-299 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SectionVocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.At first I guessed it was an airplane, but I soon changed my mind because it re mained static instead of moving like a plane.（分数：1.00）A.stationaryB.statutoryC.stationeryD.statuesque2.Through the discussion they gained an extra

2、ordinary insight into the complexity of womens emotions.（分数：1.00）A.cleverness ofB.knowledge ofC.prediction ofD.perception of3.This style of writing, incidentally, is suggestive of what is called the “newsreel technique“ of John Dos Passos.（分数：1.00）A.reminiscentB.collectiveC.forgettableD.advisable4.T

3、he principal duty of the United Nations is to safeguard the peace of the world.（分数：1.00）A.primaryB.primeC.privilegedD.precedent5.We are totally unable, after decades of experiment, to replicate ancient glazed pottery.（分数：1.00）A.produceB.manufactureC.dramatizeD.duplicate6.It is said that science has

4、become too complex to acknowledge the existence of uni versal truths.（分数：1.00）A.addressB.declareC.affirmD.Perceive7.Crew chiefs supervised engines, switches and lights that told them how each item of equipment was functioning.（分数：1.00）A.observedB.preservedC.monitoredD.nurtured8.To their great surpri

5、se, they found the floodwater had damaged the buildings foundation.（分数：1.00）A.underlainB.underlinedC.undertakenD.undermined9.In the 1998s flood in China a large number of victims suffered the loss of their homes.（分数：1.00）A.expenseB.sacrificeC.damageD.incentive10.Peter was seen crying when he came ou

6、t of the office. We can deduce that he must have been punished.（分数：1.00）A.conferB.referC.preferD.infer11.In the deserted factory several huge machines were left to rust and decay.（分数：1.00）A.inaugurateB.disintegrateC.accelerateD.disseminate12.It is reported that the worst pedestrian jam in this city

7、occurs around this crossroads.（分数：1.00）A.confessionB.congestionC.digestionD.exhaustion13.The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment.（分数：1.00）A.executionB.excursionC.expansionD.extinction14.This program will take kids who have a manifest history of violent acts.（分

8、数：1.00）A.determinedB.demonstratedC.administratedD.distinguished15.It is a contradiction that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people.（分数：1.00）A.pageantB.patronageC.paradoxD.pendulum16.In the country we are excluded from the worries of life in a big town.（分数：1.00）A.envelopedB.prote

9、ctedC.insulatedD.subtracted17.In view of obstruction and disappointment, the prime minister decided to make parliamentary alliance.（分数：1.00）A.frustrationB.illustrationC.capitulationD.clarification18.In this monumental work the entire storehouse of the worlds art is surveyed.（分数：1.00）A.impressiveB.ex

10、pressiveC.progressiveD.possessive19.The employer tried to bully his employees from staging strikes by threatening to close down the entire plant.（分数：1.00）A.intimidateB.integrateC.ridiculeD.humiliate20.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism.（分数：1.00）A.energyB.endurance

11、C.effortD.endeavor21.One of the real services of the historical novel is not that it can be a substitute for history, but that it can be a(n) extension.（分数：1.00）A.complimentB.supplementC.instrumentD.replacement22.They demand to set up an organization flexible enough to cope with any emergency.（分数：1.

12、00）A.portableB.valiantC.trivialD.mobile23.The guest turned upside down his glass as a signal that he would drink no more.（分数：1.00）A.conversedB.inversedC.traversedD.reversed24.His inability to learn foreign languages was a(n) obstacle to his career.（分数：1.00）A.barrierB.excessC.carrierD.impulse25.What

13、he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：1.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.SuspicionD.surrender26.Great works are performed not by strength but by persistence.（分数：1.00）A.permanenceB.proliferationC.perseveranceD.predominance27.In 1986 the country initiated restriction

14、s on the use of pesticides.（分数：1.00）A.institutedB.constitutedC.prosecutedD.distributed28.A shift from native bronze to iron artifacts took place under the influence of cultur al borrowings.（分数：1.00）A.transitionB.transmissionC.transactionD.transference29.His major task is to integrate the work of var

15、ious bureaus under the ministry.（分数：1.00）A.organizeB.correspondC.coordinateD.respond30.They suggested that an agency be created to carry out the recommendation of the committee.（分数：1.00）A.implementB.complimentC.supplementD.complement二、Section Reading Co(总题数：5，分数：25.00)1To understand the marketing co

16、ncept, it is only necessary to understand the differ ence between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesman ship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and

17、selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consu

18、mer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand.This concept does n

19、ot imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity-the firm and the custom- erand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is t

20、hrough understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as “Have It Your Way. “ and “Youre the Boss. “ A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flav

21、or by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Clas sic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!（分数：5.00）(1).A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to_.（分数：1.00）A.the efficient production of goodsB.a pe

22、rfect command of salesmanshipC.a basic command of the marketing conceptD.the conversion of goods into money(2).Not too long ago, industries focused on_.（分数：1.00）A.producing and selling goodsB.the needs and wants of customersC.the selling of new productsD.moving goods to the market(3).The very core o

23、f marketing lies in_.（分数：1.00）A.all understanding of consumer needsB.the efficient movement of goodsC.developing new wants for consumer goodsD.making goods readily available to customers(4).A successful business deal can take place only when_.（分数：1.00）A.the customer is satisfied at the expense of th

24、e companyB.a company makes a big profitC.consumer satisfaction and company profit are given equal importanceD.priority is given to the requirements of the customer(5).The last sentence of the passage suggests that_.（分数：1.00）A.the consumer should be allowed to do things his own wayB.the consumer shou

25、ld be treated like a kingC.the consumer should have the final say in the selling of any productD.the consumer should be advised on what to buy2For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素), a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a va

26、riety of ailments, in cluding virus infections, bacteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has pro voked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world.The reason for the scarcit

27、y lies in the structure of interferon. A species of specific pro tein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting whi

28、te blood cells with a virus. For tunately, it is so powerful that the amount given each patient per injection is very small.Unlike antibiotics, interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaf fected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cel

29、ls.As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who has und

30、ergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who have received the conventional treatments.In the United States, a

31、large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the grea test medical discoveries of our time.（分数：5.00）(1).In what way does interferon differ from antibiotics?（分数：1.00）A.Interferon has serious side effects,

32、 whereas antibiotics do not.B.Interferon is available in large supply, whereas antibiotics are not.C.Antibiotics are very effective, while interferon is not.D.Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.(2).What effect does interferon have on infection?（分数：1.00）A.It

33、provokes a negative reaction.B.It keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.C.It causes healthy cells to grow.D.It attacks viruses.(3).Interferon is produced by_.（分数：1.00）A.infecting viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drugB.infecting proteins with a virusC.infecting white blood cells with a virus

34、D.infecting viruses with proteins(4).Interferon has not been widely used because it is_.（分数：1.00）A.still very dangerousB.not yet available in the United StatesC.difficult to produce in large quantitiesD.not effective for human beings(5).Which of the following is true of the results of Dr. Stranders

35、experiments?（分数：1.00）A.Both interferon and conventional treatments should be used to ensure the survival of the patients.B.At the end of three years, only ten to thirty percent of the patients who had not received interferon died.C.Only the patients who received interferon survived.D.Most of the pat

36、ients who were treated with interferon survive3The biosphere is the name biologists give to the sort of skin on the surface of this planet that is inhabitable by living organisms. Most land creatures occupy only the interface between the atmosphere and the land; birds extend their range for a few hu

37、ndred feet into the atmosphere; burrowing invertebrates (无脊椎动物) such as earthworms may reach a few yards into the soil but rarely penetrate farther unless, it has been recently disturbed by men. Fish cover a wider range, from just beneath the surface of the sea to those depths of greater than a mile

38、 inhabited by specialized creatures. Fungi (真菌) and bacteria are plentiful in the atmosphere to a height of about half a mile, blown there by winds from the lower air. Balloon exploration of the stratosphere (同温层) as long ago as 1936 indicated that moulds and bacteria could be found at heights of se

39、veral miles, recently the USAs National Aeronautics and Space Administration has detected them, in decreasing numbers, at heights up to eighteen miles. They are pretty sparse at such levels, about one for every two thousand cubic feet, compared with 50 to 100 per cubic foot at two to six miles (the

40、usual altitude of jet aircraft), and they are almost certainly in an inactive state. Marine bacteria have been detected at the bottom of the deep Pacific trench, sometimes as deep as seven miles; they are certainly not inactive. Living microbes have also been obtained on land from cores of rock dril

41、led (while prospecting for oil) at depths of as much as 1,200 feet. Thus we can say, disregarding the exploits of astronauts, that the biosphere has a maximum thickness of about twenty-five miles. Active living processes occur only within a compass of about seven miles, in the sea, on land and in th

42、e lower atmosphere, but the majority of living creatures live within a zone of a hundred feet or so. If this planet were sealed down to the size of an orange, the biosphere, at its extreme width, would occupy the thickness of the orange-colored skin, excluding the pith.In this tiny zone of our plane

43、t take place the multitude of chemical and biological activ ities that we call life. The way in which living creatures interact with each other, depend on each other or compete with each other, has fascinated thinkers since the beginning of recorded history. Living things exist in a fine balance whi

44、ch is often taken for granted be cause, from a practical point of view, things could not be otherwise. Yet it is a source of continual amazement to scientists because of its intricacy and delicacy. The balance of na ture is obvious most often when it is disturbed. Yet even here it can seem remarkabl

45、e how quickly it readjusts itself to a new balance after a disturbance. The science of ecologythe study of the interaction of organisms with their environmenthas grown up to deal with the minutiae of the balance of nature.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the “biosphere“ is the layer on the ear

46、ths surface_.（分数：1.00）A.where the atmosphere meets the seaB.in which birds, fish and animals would dieC.in which plant and animal life can existD.in which earthworms and other invertebrates can live(2).The writer states that fungi and bacteria_.（分数：1.00）A.are only found below the normal altitude of

47、jet planesB.have been found well at the normal altitude of jet planesC.are not found below the surface of the earthD.are mainly found below the surface of the earth(3).The passage says that the biosphere_.（分数：1.00）A.extends only 1,200 feet below the earths surfaceB.is about seven miles in widthC.is

48、as much as twenty-five miles in thicknessD.is a zone only about one hundred feet wide(4).According to the text, the balance of nature is_.（分数：1.00）A.something which we should not take for grantedB.most frequently apparent when it is upsetC.only now becoming of interest to scientistsD.very difficult

49、to preserve(5).The writer says that ecology is primarily concerned with the_.（分数：1.00）A.finer details of the balance of natureB.rote of organisms in the environmentC.way living creatures compete with each otherD.way nature readjusts to a new balance4 As children get older, self-discipline should take the place of imposed discipline. Con strains become internalized and children begin to weigh from within the validity of their promptings (敦促) . But their tendency to be self-critical, to develop a code of their own, depe