【考研类试卷】考博英语-237及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-237 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored.“（分数：1.00）A.emulatedB.ridiculedC.complica

2、tedD.lamented2.Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to their ability and persuasiveness.（分数：1.00）A.futileB.susceptibleC.feasibleD.flexible3.They make better use of the time they have, and th

3、ey are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.（分数：1.00）A.sustainB.yieldC.endureD.expose4.Most of the 33 newly discovered planets giant gas bags swing so erratically that they create havoc on any smaller, nearby, life-friendly planets.（分数：1.00）A.destructionB.benefitsC.chaosD.violence5.It

4、 disgusted him when atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar.（分数：1.00）A.insultingB.base-mindedC.roughD.vicious6.She actually preferred a more gregarious urban life style and the cultural attractions in a warmer clime.（分数：1.00）A.tranquilB.sociableC.inactiveD.undisturbed7.Some of the pl

5、ans provisions have already aroused opposition, most notably from Pope John Paul .（分数：1.00）A.clausesB.interpretationsC.interrelationsD.depreciations8.Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials.（分数：1.00）A.dubio

6、uslyB.potentlyC.profuselyD.candidly9.Parties are therefore free to strive for a settlement without jeopardizing their chances for or in a trim if mediation is unsuccessful.（分数：1.00）A.assuringB.increasingC.endangeringD.destroying10.In fact, a number of recent developments suggest that new media may a

7、ctually be the salvation of old media; that online newspapers, Webzines, and e-books could preserve and extend the best aspects of the print culture while augmenting it with their various technological advantages.（分数：1.00）A.limitingB.maintainingC.distinguishingD.increasing三、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00

8、)11.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.（分数：1.00）A.defersB.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks12.As we have see

9、n, propaganda can appeal to us by amusing our emotions or _ our attention from the real issues at hand.（分数：1.00）A.retainingB.sustainingC.distractingD.obscuring13.Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _.（分数：1.

10、00）A.flourishB.collaborateC.embarkD.congregate14.It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.（分数：1.00）A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.appallinglyD.impartially15.It must gu

11、arantee freedom of expression, to the end that all _ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.（分数：1.00）A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances16.This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms.（分数：1.00

12、）A.caterB.entitleC.appealD.subject17.These people actively try to what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English.（分数：1.00）A.suppressB.regressC.enhanceD.revive18.From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicines job was simple: to struggle with _

13、 diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain.（分数：1.00）A.immortalB.immuneC.lethalD.toxic19.To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper familythey need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspr

14、ing.（分数：1.00）A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.confine20.American literary historians are perhaps _ to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.（分数：1.00）A.proneB.legibleC.incompatibleD.prior四、Part Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.(Relying

15、on) these convenient metaphors, politicians and military commanders do not see, or do not want to see, what these metaphors (hide): the reality of pain and death, the long-term health effects (for) (the injury), the psychological effect on veterans, the environmental effects, not to mention the mora

16、l aspects of war.（分数：1.00）A.Relying onB.hideC.forD.the injury22.(In an effort to) produce the largest, fastest, most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic. It was so superior to (anything) (on the seas) that it (was dubbed) “unsinkable“.（分数：1.00）A.In an effort toB.anythingC.on the sea

17、sD.was dubbed23.I suggest transforming our social system from a (bureaucratically management) industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in (themselves)(in the Soviet Union as well as in the capitalist countries) into a humanist industrialism (in which) man and full developme

18、nt of his potentialitiesthose of love and of reason(are the aims) of all social arrangements.（分数：1.00）A.bureaucratically managementB.themselvesC.in whichD.are the aims24.But (as) a historian, Graves should be aware that James Clerk Maxwells brilliant insight about electromagnetismthe guess that visi

19、ble light is only one small slice of the spectrum of (electromagnetic) energy, a guess that forms the basis (for) electronics technology(is) an intuitive leap into the unknown.（分数：1.00）A.asB.electromagneticC.forD.is25.We (are obliged to) grow up in skepticism, requiring proofs for every assertion ab

20、out nature, (but) there is no way out (except to) move ahead and plug away, hoping for comprehension in the future (but) living in a condition of intellectual instability for long time.（分数：1.00）A.are obliged toB.butC.except toD.but26.Categories, we found, (must be seen) (in) their conceptual context

21、, against the background of larger cognitive models, and it is obvious that these models will, (to) some point, have to include (sequencing) in time.（分数：1.00）A.must be seenB.inC.toD.sequencing27.Her own interests as a mother (brought into play) by her (concern over) the education and welfare of her

22、children, the city (in which) they lived, (and such) municipal facilities as playgrounds, schools and parks.（分数：1.00）A.brought into playB.concern overC.in whichD.and such28.Perhaps all societies (are significantly more advanced) than our own have achieved an effective personal immortality and lose t

23、he motivation for interstellar gallivanting, which (may), (for all we know), (be) a typical urge only of adolescent civilizations.（分数：1.00）A.are significantly more advancedB.mayC.for all we knowD.be29.The concern (has been) that the embryo bank (might be) exploited (by unscrupulous), or that concept

24、ion might precede birth by nine or even ninety years, (rather than) by nine months.（分数：1.00）A.has beenB.might beC.by unscrupulousD.rather than30.Within the arid regions (in which) their culture developed, the Bedouin camel-breeding tribes have maintained a distinctive pattern and a dominant position

25、 (over) other societies and (settlements) (through) virtue of their ability to exploit brazing ranges.（分数：1.00）A.in whichB.overC.settlementsD.through六、Section B(总题数：10，分数：10.00)31._ how the immature brain prevents seizure-induced cell injury or death could lead to new methods to reduce or prevent se

26、izure damage in adults.（分数：1.00）A.To understandB.To be understoodC.Having been understoodD.Understanding32.Imagine the psychological impact upon a foe of encountering squads of seemingly invincible warriors _ armor and _ superhuman capabilities.（分数：1.00）A.protecting with, endowing byB.protecting by,

27、 endowing withC.protected with, endowed byD.protected by, endowed with33.Rather than doing this via auction or through private art dealers they can give them to the government, which buys them at an agreed price _ them _.（分数：1.00）A.after having, independently valuedB.after having, independently valu

28、ableC.by having, independently valuelessD.by having, independently value34.The most versatile _ embryonic stem cells, which _ found in the embryo at the earliest stage of development and can grow into any part of the body.（分数：1.00）A.are, areB.is, isC.are, isD.is, are35.There ought to be less anxiety

29、 over the perceived risk of getting cancer than _ in the pub lie today.（分数：1.00）A.existsB.existC.existingD.existed36._ there is a logical connection between all the things that happen in that immensely connected body of salted water that covers 71 percent of the surface of the earth.（分数：1.00）A.I daw

30、n upon it thatB.It dawns upon me thatC.I dawn upon this thatD.This dawns upon me that37.So if you are in a tea room somewhere and there is a group of high-spirited women wearing red hats and purple dresses, you will know are merely taking advantage of one of the most effective and inexpensive antido

31、tes for aging acceptance laced with humor.（分数：1.00）A.weB.youC.theyD.the red hats and purple dresses38.Because it takes longer to install and involves some tinkering to get it to work just right, its best for more experienced users. But, oh, what joy! _ a detailed log of every ad it annihilates, _ it

32、 makes a satisfying thunk when it nabs one.（分数：1.00）A.Not only Killer keeps, but alsoB.Not only does Killer keepC.Only Killer keeps, andD.Only if Killer keeps39.And while we _ have a great deal of trouble adjusting to a climate that gets 2 degrees Centigrade warmer over the next century, an ice age

33、by mid-century _ be unimaginably devastating.（分数：1.00）A.might, couldB.could, mightC.would, mightD.might, would40.He said the most unusual aspect of the Mexican trial was that the 12 teenagers were not given any drags to suppress their immune systems, _ would normally destroy any cells from other ani

34、mals.（分数：1.00）A.at whichB.whichC.to whichD.as七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.What does, according to the author, economic welfare consist of?（分数：2.00）A.a general sense of contentment with any individual being part of a group.B.a basic duality or dichotomy between the

35、 amount of pleasures that one individual can experience and discontentment.C.the act of measuring the amount of gratifications and dissatisfactions with a measure of value.D.the relentless idea that people have to forfeit in expiation for their pleasures.42.In the third paragraph, which of the follo

36、wing is closer to the truth?（分数：2.00）A.The author rejects the idea the aid distributed by the government should benefit the less fortunate individuals.B.Any given government is answerable for preserving and protecting the economic interests of new generations.C.Mankind is intrinsically doomed and wi

37、ll be extinct in the near future regardless of the actions taken by any government.D.People have opposing views over state intervention in the field of socio-economic policy.43.In the fourth paragraph, the author makes it clear that _.（分数：2.00）A.the government which is in charge of powers such as th

38、e making of laws must conduct the current affairs of the country but also think ahead and prepare the nation of tomorrow.B.the nationals of any country are accountable for social choices they make.C.the source of supply and wealth of any country can and will be consumed entirely if proper steps are

39、not taken.D.The people of any given country have a natural tendency to use unreservedly and unwisely their own resources.44.In the second paragraph, why is the word “greater“ in italics?（分数：2.00）A.Because the pleasure a person can experience in the present will always be regarded as the most importa

40、nt.B.Because the author is insisting on the falsity and inner opposition of the statement.C.Because the extent or impact of the satisfaction felt by an individual is paramount.D.Because the author is using the superlative as a general term of approval.45.In the opening paragraph, why does the author

41、 prefer to use the term “desiredness“?（分数：2.00）A.Because it seems mare catchy and refers to a specific semantic fieldB.Because nobody else has ever used the word before, it therefore exemplifies the authors original and unique ideasC.Because it helps native English speakers to grasp the conceptual i

42、dea expressed in this passageD.Because it clears any misunderstanding relating to the distinction made in the first paragraph九、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.Why is social behavior difficult to change?（分数：2.00）A.Ones behavior is inborn so that nothing can be done about it.B.Ones behavior is instinctive

43、 so that he/she cant act differently.C.Ones behavior is taught from childhood so that it is fixed as normal in his/her childhood.D.If one never changes his/her geographical dwelling, his/her social behavior can never be change47.Our social behavior is _.（分数：2.00）A.more based on learned reactions tha

44、n natural tendencyB.more inherently determined than early impressedC.more spontaneous than inbornD.more based on inherent than constitutional behavior48.In order to answer the question: “which are the social tendencies that are general human characteristics?“ we have to emphasize on the study of（分数：

45、2.00）A.human behaviorB.human organsC.culturesD.environment49.From the definitions of the three points of view, according to the passage, we can infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.conditioned relations are acquiredB.relations to the organic and inorganic outer world are instinctiveC.relations among members of t

46、he same social group are learnedD.all of the above50.The three points of view that indicate the relations of individuals are _.（分数：2.00）A.relations characterized by natural development; relations that are culturally determined; socially accepted behavior among the groupB.relations to natural and unn

47、atural world; relations among people; conditioned relationsC.relations to organic and inorganic outer world; relations among human behavior; objectively conditioned relationsD.relations to living environment; relations among members of the same social group; subjectively conditioned relations十、Passa

48、ge 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)51.According to the author, a good government ought to allow its citizens to exercise their rights to free speech and free movement so that _.（分数：2.00）A.people live a life of anarchyB.people live in a utopian worldC.loathing outcome is avoidedD.people are less controlled52.A gove

49、rnment is likely to reinforce and maximize freedom of those who look favorably at it and who actively support such government _.（分数：2.00）A.when it provides social insurance for peopleB.when it protects its citizens from hunger, cold and hardshipC.when it sets up pension and public health serviceD.all of the above53.It is generally admitted that a government roles in order to see _.（分数：2.00）A.the results of its proposed doctr