【考研类试卷】考博英语-236及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-236 及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SectionVocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Customers may also be permitted to_their current accounts for a short period in anticipation of a credit item coming in.（分数：1.00）A.overextendB.overdrawC.overvalueD.overpay2.When travelling, you are advised to take travellersch

2、ecks, which provide a secure _to carrying your money in cash.（分数：1.00）A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative3.You have nothing to_by refusing to listen to our advice.（分数：1.00）A.gainB.graspC.seizeD.earn4.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied_.（分数：1.00）A.originall

3、yB.extremelyC.violentlyD.intensively5.The purpose of a_is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition.（分数：1.00）A.taxB.tollC.feeD.tariff6.Having decided to rent a flat, we_contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.（分数：1.00）A.set aboutB.se

4、t downC.set outD.set up7.I didnt say anything like that at all. You are purposely_my ideas to prove your point.（分数：1.00）A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting8.The newcomers found it impossible to_themselves to the climate suffi ciently to make permanent homes in the new country.（分数：1.00

5、）A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate9.One day I_a newspaper article about the retirement of an English profes sor at a nearby state college.（分数：1.00）A.came acrossB.came aboutC.came afterD.came at10.As a result of careless washing the jacket_to a childs size.（分数：1.00）A.compressedB.shrankC.droppedD.de

6、creased11.He hoped the firm would_him to the Paris branch.（分数：1.00）A.exchangeB.transmitC.transferD.remove12.A_to this problem is expected to be found before long.（分数：1.00）A.resultB.responseC.settlementD.solution13._their differences the couple were developing an obvious and genuine af fection for ea

7、ch other.（分数：1.00）A.But forB.For allC.Above allD.Except for14.If the profits in one year are not sufficient to pay the dividend, the_will be paid from the profits of later year.（分数：1.00）A.arrearB.debtC.differenceD.margin15.The car_halfway for no reason.（分数：1.00）A.broke offB.broke downC.broke upD.bro

8、ke out16.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that_the speakers stopped for refreshments.（分数：1.00）A.at iargeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random17.If you want to buy this house, the payment may be made in five_.（分数：1.00）A.installmentsB.piecesC.sharesD.parts18.Changing from solid to liquid, w

9、ater takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it.（分数：1.00）A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction19.I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a_character.（分数：1.00）A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular20.Dozens of scien

10、tific groups all over the world have been_the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.（分数：1.00）A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning二、Section Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion

11、 of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (21) . As was discussed before, it was not (22) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (23) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (24) of the periodical. It was during the sam

12、e time that the communications revolution (25) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (26) through the tele graph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (27) the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in (28) . It is important to do

13、so.It is generally recognized, (29) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (30) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (31) its impact on the media was not immediately (32) . As time went by, computers became smaller an

14、d more powerful, and they became “personal“ too, as well as (33) , with display becoming sharper and storage (34) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (35) generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.It was within the computer age that the term “information society“ beg

15、an to be wide ly used to describe the context within which we now live.（分数：15.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.laterA.afterB.byC.duringD.untilA.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measureA.processB.companyC.lightD.formA.gatheredB.speededC.workedD.pickedA.onB.outC.overD.offA.ofB.forC.beyondD.intoA.conceptB.dimensionC

16、.effectD.perspectiveA.indeedB.henceC.howeverD.thereforeA.broughtB.followedC.stimulatedD.characterizedA.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.althoughA.apparentB.desirableC.negativeD.plausibleA.institutionalB.universalC.fundamentalD.instrumentalA.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.facultyA.by means ofB.in terms ofC.with

17、regard toD.in line with三、Section Reading Co(总题数：4，分数：24.00)1Celebrate. Celebrate. Physicians are delighted with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panels recommendation earlier this year that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex (all medicines known as Cox-2 inhibitors) should remain

18、 on the market, de spite evidence they increase heart disease risk in some people. The panelists reached their decision after weighing all the data and concluding the benefits of these pain-relieving drugs outweighed the risks.Specifically, these scientists acknowledged that, for some patients, thes

19、e prescrip tion drugs were uniquely effective in reducing pain from arthritis and other causes. For oth ers-concerned about ulcers associated with aspirin and other OTC analgesicsthe Cox-2 inhibitors offered the advantage of minimizing potentially serious effects of stomach irrita tion.Now is an app

20、ropriate time for everyone to take a fresh look at the benefit-risk equa tion for Vioxx and the other Cox-2 inhibitors.The risksincreased risk of heart disease in some who use the drugshave been well publicized. Much less publicity has been given to a spectrum of real and potential benefits that go

21、way beyond reduced risk of stomach irritation. These little-discussed benefits would have been lost, perhaps permanently-had Vioxx, Bextra and Celebrex been driven from shelves in pursuit of perfect safety, an unattainable goal.For example, there is substantial evidence Cox-2 inhibitors can reduce d

22、evelopment of colon polyps, which may become colon cancel indeed. Celebrex is FDA-approved for those genetically prone to colon cancer. Ironically, the 2004 study that revealed the elevated heart attack risk of Vioxx was primarily designed to further establish the drugs effective ness in protecting

23、against colon cancer. And while the results of that interrupted trial have not yet been published, there is good reason to believe they will confirm the protective effects against colon cancer established in research over the last 10 years.At the time of its withdrawal from the market last fall, stu

24、dies of Vioxx as well as the other Cox-2 drugs suggested they had other anti-cancer properties as well, possibly reduc ing the risk of malignancies of a number of sites, including the lung and esophagus.Had these drugs been dismissed, their untapped promise for prevention would have evaporated well

25、before it was evaluated and applied to save lives. Fortunately, cooler and wiser heads prevailed.（分数：6.00）(1).The FDA advisory panel recommends that Cox-2 inhibitors should be_.（分数：1.00）A.given clinic testB.taken with great cautionC.used to treat heart problemsD.made available to the patients(2).Wha

26、t does the passage say about Cox-2 inhibitors?（分数：1.00）A.They could prevent arthritis.B.Their functions have been exaggerated.C.They could relieve some stomach problems.D.Their risks and benefits are identical.(3).Cox-2 inhibitors were once banned from the market because they were found to in crease

27、 the risk of triggering_.（分数：1.00）A.colon cancerB.stomach problemsC.heart diseaseD.genetic problems(4).The possible benefits of Cox-2 inhibitors_.（分数：1.00）A.could hardly outweigh their risksB.should be thoroughly studiedC.will show in curing stomachachesD.may well be found in a much wider area(5).Th

28、e primary purpose of the 2004 study about Vioxx was to_.（分数：1.00）A.confirm its power in cancer-preventionB.see if it protects against cancer for sureC.reveal its potential risks in causing heart attackD.interrupt the research focusing on its drawbacks(6).When Cox-2 inhibitors were banned from sale,_

29、.（分数：1.00）A.no research had been done about their effectsB.some studies demonstrated their usefulnessC.their risks were not well known to the publicD.some patients complained about the decision2Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Clubs have both taken the opportunity to trav el to Spain this month

30、to train in less testing weather conditions than those which have, quite literally, already blown around the UK in January of 2007.Each group of athletes has been focused on training to the maximum, working on technique and molding themselves into two potential fighting units per Club for the 2007 B

31、oat Race, sponsored by Xchanging. One set will be in the Blue Boat for each club and one set will race as reserves in Isis, for Oxford, and Goldie, for Cambridge.In these modern times, the Head Coach for each club has a huge input on selection even though the crew is still named by the President. Ju

32、st twenty years ago the balance was not quite the same.The year 1987 will always be remembered in the history of this great Race as the year of the “mutiny“ at Oxford. It is a tale which has since been retold and reworked in both a book and a movie.This was the season for which mature Scottish stude

33、nt, Donald MacDonald, was elected President, having all ready won a Blue in 1986. MacDonald re-appointed Daniel Topolski (now a renowned rowing journalist and broadcaster) as Chief Coach.Part of the 1986/1987 squad at Oxford included American Chris Clark, now a coach at an American University, and f

34、our fellow US internationals.Allegedly, a split appeared in the squad between the American quintet, all experienced and leading oarsmen, and those rowers closest to MacDonald. The Scots group were happy to follow Topolskis regime whilst the others were not so sure.Following a contentious seat racing

35、 trial in January of 1987, Topolski decided to move Clark to the bow-side of the beat. Clark disagreed. Topolski held firm. As a result Clark and his “group“ within the squad decided not to row and sought a takeover.The squabble was played out extensively in the UK national media and caught the pub

36、lic imagination. MacDonald sought support from the college captains and eventually won a vote of confidence by 28 votes to 11.Without the Americans, the Oxford crew was immediately considered a lost cause. Cambridge were overwhelming favorites to win.As it turned out, though, this was a Race which w

37、ould prove why sport, and partic ularly The Boat Race, can be so fascinating.（分数：6.00）(1).It can be inferred that “Isis“ and “Goldie“ are the names of two_.（分数：1.00）A.placesB.teamsC.racesD.clubs(2).According to the passage, in crew-naming, the President_.（分数：1.00）A.has no influence in the Head Coach

38、s opinionB.gives little care to the idea of the Head CoachC.used to be the only one to make decisionsD.had greater say 20 years ago than today(3).The boldfaced word “quintet“ in Paragraph 7 refers to_.（分数：1.00）A.three peopleB.four peopleC.five peopleD.six people(4).The split seemed to be caused by t

39、he disagreement between_.（分数：1.00）A.Topolski and ClarkB.MacDonald and ClarkC.MacDonald and TopolskiD.the Scottish students and the American oarsmen(5).MacDonald had to seek support from the college captains because_.（分数：1.00）A.the public imagined he was not competent to command his crewB.the Chief C

40、oach Topolski lost the experienced American oarsmenC.the Oxford crew was unlikely to win the Race without the AmericansD.the Americans would leave the squad unless they were to lead it(6).From the last paragraph we can draw the conclusion that_.（分数：1.00）A.Oxford won the Boat RaceB.Cambridge won the

41、Boat RaceC.the Boat Race ended in a tieD.the Boat Race was cancelled3It was two years ago today that the hunting ban came into force, supposedly ending centuries of tradition. However, the law has been an unmitigated failurenot that either side is shouting about it.It was a nightmare vision that str

42、uck fear and loathing into the hearts of millions. When the hunting ban became law, it was said, 16,000 people would lose their jobs, thousands of hounds would be put down, rotting carcasses would litter the country side, hedgerows would disappear, riders would face on-the-spot fines, law-abiding pe

43、ople from doctors to barristers would be dragged from their horses and carted off to prison, while dog owners would be prosecuted if their mutt caught a rabbit.These were just some of the claims as desperate countryside campaigners battled to save their sport in the lead-up to the hunting ban, which

44、 Labour rammed into law using the Parliament Act on November 18, 2004.For many, the fears were real. Others exaggerated as they fought an increasingly aggressive anti-hunting lobby which had rejected acres of independent evidence affirming that hunting is the most humane way of killing foxes. In the

45、 battle to “fight prejudice, fight the ban“, every emotive argument was deployed.For its part, the anti-hunting brigade extravagantly claimed that the ban would put an end to the rich parading in red jackets. A senior Labour MP, Peter Bradley, admitted in this newspaper that it was, as many suspecte

46、d, about “class war“. He lost his seat shortly afterwards. But people in red coats did not disappear.In fact, none of the forecasts came true. What did happen was something nobody had predicted, the spectacular revival and growth of hunting with hounds.In short, the hun ting ban has been a failure.T

47、oday, on the second anniversary of the bans coming into force on February 18, 2005, new figures show that participation in the sport has never been higher. It is so cheer ful that two new packs have been formed, something that has not happened for centuries.They include the seductively named Private

48、 Pack, set up by the financier Roddy Flem ing in Gloucestershire. It operates on an invitation-only basis, a sort of hunting private members club. This can only mean one thing, like it or not, hunting is cool. Young people are taking it up, enticed by the element of rebellion and the mystique of wha

49、t actually hap pens as hunts attempt to keep within the law.（分数：6.00）(1).The hunting ban has been a complete failure because_.（分数：1.00）A.the hunting has never been stopped but has instead flourishedB.the government has been short of hands to enforce the lawC.the law makers failed to see hunting as a long-time traditionD.the ban aimed to protect the interests of the upper-class only(2).Those who break the hunting ban wo