【考研类试卷】考博英语-193及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-193 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Structur(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or express the emotion that it _ in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.（分数：1.00）A.reflectsB.retainsC.rousesD.radiates2.Criticism without sugg

2、esting areas of improvement is not _ and should be avoided if possible.（分数：1.00）A.constructiveB.productiveC.descriptiveD.relative3.Banks shall be unable to _, or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.（分数：1.00）A.write offB.put asideC.shrink fromD.come over4.

3、The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the _ of investigations.（分数：1.00）A.caseB.chaseC.causeD.course5.I am to inform you, that you may, if you wish, attend the inquiry, and at the inspectors discretion state your case _ or through an entrusted representa

4、tive.（分数：1.00）A.in personB.in depthC.in secretD.in excess6.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _ the 1st grade.（分数：1.00）A.leadsB.precedesC.forwardsD.advances7.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no _ but to

5、report him to the local police.（分数：1.00）A.timeB.chanceC.authorityD.alternative8.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _ all other sounds.（分数：1.00）A.dwarfedB.diminishedC.drownedD.devastated9.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go

6、 out only _ necessity.（分数：1.00）A.within reach ofB.for fear ofC.by means ofD.in case of10.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to _ regret.（分数：1.00）A.teem withB.brim withC.come withD.look with11.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one

7、has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _ future behind him.（分数：1.00）A.splendidB.conspicuousC.uproariousD.imminent12.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being _,“ being open to all kinds of art.（分数：1.00）A.gratifyingB.predominatingC.

8、excellingD.accommodating13.Since neither side was ready to _ what was necessary for peace, hostility was resumed in 1980.（分数：1.00）A.precedeB.recedeC.concedeD.intercede14.Desert plants _ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.（分数：1.00）A.break downB.fall in

9、toC.differ inD.refer to15._ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes until most of the water has evaporated.（分数：1.00）A.Turn offB.Turn overC.Turn downD.Turn up二、BSection B/B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)16.Children are (among) the most frequent victims of violent, (drug-related) crimes (th

10、at) have nothing (doing with) the cost of acquiring the drugs.（分数：1.00）A.amongB.drug-relatedC.thatD.doing with17.Capital (inflows) will also (tend to) increase the international value of the dollar, (make) it more difficult to sell the U. S. (exports).（分数：1.00）A.inflowsB.tend toC.makeD.exports18.(Th

11、e auctioneer) must know (fair) accurately the current (market values) of the goods he is (selling).（分数：1.00）A.The auctioneerB.fairC.market valuesD.selling19.There (is) much in our life (which) we do nor control (and we are) not even responsible (for).（分数：1.00）A.isB.whichC.and we areD.for20.(A large

12、collection) of contemporary photographs, (including) some taken by Mary (are) on display (at) the museum.（分数：1.00）A.A large collectionB.includingC.areD.at三、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：20.00)BDirections:/B There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished

13、 statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.BPassage One/BAll animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to t

14、his question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmoving - if it looks as though it is sleeping - then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?They can watch the animal and notice whether

15、its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily

16、 mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks res

17、ting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping“ animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals slee

18、p. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep laboratories“ using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sle

19、eping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet

20、 and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from thei

21、r enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, all animals _.（分数：1.00）A.spend some time restingB.close their eyes when sleepingC.are good sleepersD.are poor sleepe

22、rs(2).The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes“ aims to show that _.（分数：1.00）A.these animals rarely need any restB.they almost always keep alert to dangerC.they often stay awakeD.their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep(3).How can researchers in “sleep labo

23、ratories“ tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?（分数：1.00）A.They see if the animals respond to light and sound.B.They do this by observing changes in the animals brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.C.They see if the animals eyes are closed.D.They can tell thi

24、s by seeing if the animals lie down or not.(4).According to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles _.（分数：1.00）A.such as turtles and snakes cannot close their eyesB.cannot be studied with an EECC.do not sleep in the true sense of the wordD.do not need to rest(5).Animals that are goo

25、d sleepers _.（分数：1.00）A.need to have a good sleep after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animalsB.need to have a good sleep after they get tired from hunting other animalsC.are all mammalsD.almost always have a safe resting placeBPassage Two/BAnalysts have had their go at hum

26、or, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards (内在部分) are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind.In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture o

27、f a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had become the ace soap bubble blower of America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was

28、 not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was, if anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it wont stand much blowing up, and it wont stan

29、d much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming mysterious and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of

30、a sneezing fit.One of the things commonly said about humorist is that they are really very sad people- clowns with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, but it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyones life an

31、d that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorists fatten on trouble. They have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it till serve them in the sweet by and by.

32、You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes, suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boot (or as Josh illings wittily called them, “tire boots“). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form hat is not quite a fiction nor quite a fac

33、t either. Beneath the sparking surface of these dilemmas lows the strong tide of human woe.Practically everyone is a manic depressive of sorts, with his up moments and his down moments, and you certainly dont have to be a humorist to taste the sadness of situation and mood. But there is often a rath

34、er fine line between laughing and crying, and if a humorous piece of writing brings a person to the point where his emotional responses are untrustworthy and seem likely to break over into the opposite realm, it is because humor, like poetry, has an extra content. It plays close to the bit hot fire

35、which is Truth, and sometimes the reader feels. the heat.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first paragraph the author wants to say that _.（分数：1.00）A.just as scientists can dissect a frog, so analysts can dissect humorB.detailed, scientific analysis is not appropriate for humor, for it may make humor lose its aest

36、hetic valueC.some peoples analysis of humor are too scientificD.analysts attempts at humor am not instructive enough to interest the author(2).The author uses the example of the soap bubble blower to show that _.（分数：1.00）A.skill is required to produce humorB.neither too much exaggeration nor absolut

37、e explicitness is fit for humorC.people should perfect the art of humor just as the bubble blower does to the bubblesD.humor should make people frantic for a while(3).According to the author, humorists differ from ordinary people in the sense that _.（分数：1.00）A.they give vent to their sorrows in a la

38、ughable wayB.they have much trouble in their life and they are melancholyC.they are more sensible of the sadness of life and they endure and express the pain cheerfullyD.they are mostly clowns with a breaking heart(4).A humorous piece of writing can make the readers emotional responses untrustworthy

39、 because _.（分数：1.00）A.it expresses the truth of the sadness of human life with a sparkling surfaceB.everyone has his happy moments and unhappy momentsC.there is an obvious line between laughing and cryingD.it is like poetry, very rhythmic(5).The passages success lies in its extensive use of _.（分数：1.

40、00）A.parallelismB.metaphorsC.metonymyD.similesBPassage Three/BThe word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand i

41、ts meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge (facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truth

42、s. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exac

43、t statue of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them

44、. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using kn

45、owledge for specific purposesfor instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking

46、only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in application of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of informa

47、tion opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure scien

48、ce are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.（分数：5.00）(1).To define science we may simply call it _.（分数：1.00）A.the study of unrelated subjectsB.an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC.the study of u

49、nrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge(2).Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, _.（分数：1.00）A.may lead to antiscientific, “impure“ resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cellC.is not always as pure as we supposeD.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell(3).A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about