【考研类试卷】考博英语-185及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-185 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. In 1600 London and Amsterdam each had populations of more than, 100,000, and twice that number 1 in Paris. Also,

2、the Dutch, English, Spanish, and French were beginning to 2 global empires. 3 and trade produced a 4 merchant class that helped to 5 an increasing desire for such 6 as wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and tobacco. These merchants set a 7 of life aspired to by the wider populace. 8 the beginning of the 18th

3、 century, capital resources and banking systems were well enough established in Great Britain to 9 investment in mass-production 10 that would satisfy some of these middle-class aspirations. The Industrial Revolution 11 in England, because that nation had the technological means, government encourag

4、ement, and a large and varied trade 12 . The first factories 13 . in 1740, concentrating on 14 . production. In 1740 the majority of English people wore woolen garments, bu 15 . the next 100 years the rough, often waterlogged and unhealthy woolens were 16 . by cottonespecially after the 17 . of the

5、cotton gin (轧棉机) by Eli Whitney, an American, in 1793. One of the most important innovations in the weaving process was 18 . in France in 1801 by Joseph Jacquard; his loom used cards with holes punched in them to determine the placement of threads in the warp (弯夹撬棍). This use of punched cards inspir

6、ed the British mathematician Charles Babbage to attempt to 19 . a calculating machine based on the same principle. Although this machine never became fully practical, it 20 . the great computer revolution of the 20th century.（分数：40.00）A.residedB.assembledC.removedD.abandonedA.developedB.exploitedC.l

7、oomedD.completedA.NationalismB.MaterialismC.IntelligencismD.ColonialismA.impoverishedB.powerfulC.snobbishD.compassionateA.cultivateB.consumeC.displayD.createA.speciesB.luxuriesC.flavorsD.diversitiesA.styleB.formC.sortD.variantA.UntilB.DuringC.UponD.ByA.terminateB.accomplishC.stimulateD.initiateA.imp

8、lementsB.apparatusC.techniquesD.robotsA.commenced BB.displacedC.fulfilledD.deepenedA.guessworkB.networkC.cyberspaceD.info-techA.appearedB.divertedC.entailedD.evadedA.estateB.textileC.habitatD.excerptA.withinB.beforeC.betweenD.ontoA.intensifiedB.replacedC.threatenedD.sterilizedA.inventionB.plantation

9、C.utilizationD.determinationA.discoveredB.nominatedC.introducedD.miniaturizedA.ponderB.designC.advanceD.formulateA.prophesiedB.foretoldC.dictatedD.preachedEveryone has suffered from headaches, but 21 recently medical researchers were not certain what caused them. Blew research is giving us more 22 a

10、bout two common types of headaches: tension headaches and migraine headaches. The most painful 23 are migraines, which 24 about eight to ten percent of the time and are 25 as a very sharp, throbbing pain. Most headaches, 26 , are tension headaches. They are unpleasant, of course, but not as painful

11、as the migraine 27 . Usually they are experienced as a 28 ache on both sides of the head or in the back or forehead. These headaches are caused by the tightening of the muscles of the head and neck, which 29 causes the blood vessels to narrow, making it difficult for the brain to receive the oxygen

12、(water, nutrition, blood) it needs. This is what causes the pain. Migraines, 30 , result from the blood vessels in the brain enlarging, causing swelling in the brain. This swelling results in terrible pain. The headache may last for a day or two and 31 the individual sick and weak. Migraines are app

13、arently 32 , because several individuals in the same family usually have them. Doctors believe that the brains of these individuals 33 in unusual ways to small problems, like failing a test or eating unwisely. 34 there are warning. 35 before a migraine occurs, such as spots appearing before the eyes

14、 or a sick feeling in the 36 . If the person takes medicine or caffeine as soon as he or she begins to feel the headache coming 37 , it can be 38 Caffeine and the medicine, called ergot, cause the blood vessels to narrow. Once the headache 39 , sleep and a cool 40 on the head may help.（分数：40.00）A.wh

15、enB.whileC.untilD.as ifA.learningB.informationC.considerationD.acknowledgementA.oneB.onesC.typesD.typeA.show upB.appearC.occurD.comeA.possessedB.hadC.experiencedD.presentedA.whileB.at the same timeC.howeverD.meanwhileA.boringB.dullC.painfulD.bluntA.variantB.varietyC.variationD.varianceA.unfortunatel

16、yB.in turnC.stillD.neverA.on the oppositeB.on the other handC.on the other sideD.consequentlyA.forceB.leaveC.causeD.letA.naturalB.commonC.inheritedD.inherentA.dealB.actC.reactD.responseA.NeverB.SometimesC.CoincidentallyD.UnfortunatelyA.signalsB.phenomenonC.marksD.traceA.headB.stomachC.lungD.backA.at

17、B.onC.toD.outA.stoppedB.avoidedC.spoiledD.preventedA.actedB.startedC.has startedD.has actedA.clothB.clotheC.clothesD.clothingIn the United States and many other countries around the world, there are four main ways for people to be 41 about developments in the news: newspapers, magazines, and radio o

18、r television news broadcasts. A person may use one, or all, of these 42 for information. Each source is useful in its 43 way. Newspapers and magazines can give much information about a particular event. They may 44 some history of the event, some of its 45 , some of its effects, or perhaps give a(n)

19、 46 or point of view on a particular development. Radio and television can help a person to be well informed about what is happening each day. It is also 47 to listen to radio or watch TV 48 do something else at the same time. Many people can listen to the news on their car radio while driving 49 .

20、For the student of English as a foreign language, an English language newspaper may be the most helpful news source that will also 50 you practice in reading English. Most daily English language newspapers are not very hard to find. They are interesting and helpful in many 51 . In some of them, you

21、may be able to find news about your 52 country. You will find news and information about important national and international political 53 . 54 what you are interested in, you can probably find something in the newspaper about it. A(n) 55 in the newspaper may help you solve a problem. Other stories

22、may be about good movies, concerts, or TV shows. Usually, an English language newspaper has several 56 or parts. Each part of the newspaper 57 stories about different kinds of news. Some sections have a lot of advertisements which may be helpful if you want to save money. By reading the advertisemen

23、ts, you may find something you want 58 sale. Or you may find that two stories axe advertising the 59 thing, but at one store the price is lower. Other sections may have 60 . advertisements or have only a specific type of advertisement to interest the people.（分数：20.00）A.advisedB.instructedC.informedD

24、.taughtA.sourcesB.resourcesC.originsD.rootsA.rightB.ownC.veryD.justA.exposeB.referC.leakD.provideA.consequencesB.StoriesC.pastsD.causesA.opinionB.reasonC.decisionD.beliefA.impossibleB.possibleC.irrationalD.illegalA.butB.orC.andD.stillA.anyplaceB.everywhereC.anywhereD.somewhereA.forceB.giveC.compelD.

25、provideA.meansB.sidesC.waysD.kindsA.nativeB.localC.originalD.naturalA.developmentsB.progressesC.improvementsD.breakthroughsA.EspeciallyB.ProvidedC.AlthoughD.No matterA.informationB.storyC.newsD.itemA.sectionsB.portionsC.divisionsD.chaptersA.composesB.containsC.holdsD.receivesA.onB.inC.ofD.offA./B.on

26、eC.sameD.veryA.fewerB.moreC.lessD.same考博英语-185 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze(总题数：3，分数：100.00)By the end of the Middle Ages the technological systems called cities had long since become a central feature of Western life. In 1600 London and Amsterdam each had populations of more than, 100,000, and

27、 twice that number 1 in Paris. Also, the Dutch, English, Spanish, and French were beginning to 2 global empires. 3 and trade produced a 4 merchant class that helped to 5 an increasing desire for such 6 as wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and tobacco. These merchants set a 7 of life aspired to by the wider

28、populace. 8 the beginning of the 18th century, capital resources and banking systems were well enough established in Great Britain to 9 investment in mass-production 10 that would satisfy some of these middle-class aspirations. The Industrial Revolution 11 in England, because that nation had the tec

29、hnological means, government encouragement, and a large and varied trade 12 . The first factories 13 . in 1740, concentrating on 14 . production. In 1740 the majority of English people wore woolen garments, bu 15 . the next 100 years the rough, often waterlogged and unhealthy woolens were 16 . by co

30、ttonespecially after the 17 . of the cotton gin (轧棉机) by Eli Whitney, an American, in 1793. One of the most important innovations in the weaving process was 18 . in France in 1801 by Joseph Jacquard; his loom used cards with holes punched in them to determine the placement of threads in the warp (弯夹

31、撬棍). This use of punched cards inspired the British mathematician Charles Babbage to attempt to 19 . a calculating machine based on the same principle. Although this machine never became fully practical, it 20 . the great computer revolution of the 20th century.（分数：40.00）A.resided B.assembledC.remov

32、edD.abandoned解析：解析 A 项意为“(永久性地)居住”。根据文章一致性原则，reside 与文章第一句中提到的life(生活)构成呼应。而 B项“集合，集会；装配，组装”，涉及对象为人，强调为了明确的目的(使)一群人有组织地聚集到一起；D 项“放弃；(不顾责任、义务等而)遗弃，抛弃”是本题的干扰；C 项“搬迁，移动，把本处于某一位置或地位的人或事移向一个新的地方”与原文意思相反，均不符合题意。A.developed B.exploitedC.loomedD.completed解析：解析 本题考查词义辨析。根据文章意思：“Dutch，English，Spanish 以及 Frenc

33、h正开始发展全球帝国。”而 develop指事物在一段时期内“成长、发育、发展”，朝成熟、扩大、提高的方向前进，可以是自然界中的生长发育过程，也可以是人类社会中的发展、进步过程，符合原文意思。而 B项exploit“开拓，开发”，C 项 loom“在织机上织；隐约地出现；赫然耸现；(战争、威胁等)阴森地逼近”，D 项 complete表示积极、圆满地完成了所要做的一切事情，侧重于赋予成品以完整性，宾语往往为建筑、工程、书籍、学业等，常用于被动语态；该词还可表达“使完备(完美、完善)”的含义均不符合题意。A.NationalismB.MaterialismC.IntelligencismD.Co

34、lonialism 解析：解析 根据文章的一致性原则，colonialism“殖民主义”与上句的 global empires(全球帝国)形成呼应。而 A项“民族主义”，B 项“利己主义；唯物主义”，C 项“智力主义”均不符合原文意思。A.impoverishedB.powerful C.snobbishD.compassionate解析：解析 B 项意为“强大的，有权的”。根据文章一致性原则，powerful 与上文提到的 a central feature of构成呼应。而选项 A“贫困的；用尽了的”，C“势利的；自命不凡的”和 D“怜悯的；有同情心的”均不符合题意。A.cultivate

35、B.consumeC.displayD.create 解析：解析 D 项意为“引起；产生”。根据原文意思：“引起了不断增长的(对生活上的)需求”，所以选择 create。而 A项“cultivate 意为“耕作，栽培，养殖；培养，教养，磨炼”，B 项consume意为正式用词，主要表示“消耗(消费品)”，有时表示“消耗(能量等)”，C 项 display意为“陈列，展览，显示”，均不符原文意思。A.speciesB.luxuries C.flavorsD.diversities解析：解析 B 项意为“奢侈品”。根据原文，luxuries 是 wine，coffee，tea，cocoa，and

36、tobacco的上义词。而 A项“种类”，C 项“味道；风情；特点”和 D项“不同；种种”均不是上义词，不符合题意。A.style B.formC.sortD.variant解析：解析 a style of 意为“的风格，的式样”。本题考查词组搭配。根据原文“生活的方式、风格”，所以选择 style。而 B项 a form of意为“的形式”，C 项 a sort of意为“的种类”，D 项 a variant of“的变体”，均不符合原文意思。A.UntilB.DuringC.UponD.By 解析：解析 根据上下文，上文讲到“1600 年”，下文讲到“1740 年”，所以应填入 By，即“

37、从 18世纪的开始，”。而 A项“直到”，B 项“在期间”和 C项“在之上”均不符合原文意思。A.terminateB.accomplishC.stimulateD.initiate 解析：解析 D 项意为“开始，发起(强调开始某一进程的第一步)”。A 项意为“停止；结束”，B 项意为“完成”，指成功地完成任务或实现预期目的，侧重结果而非过程，其宾语往往是任务、目的、旅程等”与原文意思相反，C 项意为“刺激，使兴奋；鼓励，鼓舞；”指通过刺激或刺激物，以唤起静止的事物，均不符合题意。A.implementsB.apparatusC.techniques D.robots解析：解析 techniq

38、ue 作不可数名词时，多指音乐、绘画等方面的“手艺、技艺、技巧”；做可数名词时，指具体的“技术方法、手法”。根据文章一致性，techniques 与文章第一句中的 technological形成呼应。而 A项“工具；器械”，B 项“仪器；装置；器械；器官”和 D项“机器人”均不构成一致性，不符合题意。A.commenced B B.displacedC.fulfilledD.deepened解析：解析 根据上下文可知：“工业革命在英国开始，”，所以选择 commence。而 B项displaced意为“移植，转移；取代，置换”，C 项 fulfill为正式用词，可表达“实现(愿望)；履行(合同

39、、诺言、义务)；执行(指示、要求、任务)；D 项 deepen意为“(使)变深；(使)变浓”，均不符合题意。A.guessworkB.network C.cyberspaceD.info-tech解析：解析 B 项意为“网；网状系统”。根据文章一致性原则，network 与上文提到的 global empires(全球帝国)形成呼应，即“一个既大又多的贸易网”。而 A项“推测；臆断”，C 项“虚拟信息空间，网络空间，计算机化世界”和 D项“情报技术学校”均不符合题意。A.appeared B.divertedC.entailedD.evaded解析：解析 A 项意为“出现”。根据原文意思：“第

40、一家工厂出现于 1740年”，所以选择 appeared。而选项 B意为“使转向，使(河流等)改道，转移，转移的注意力”，C 项 entail意为“使人承担；使成为必要”，D 项意为“(巧妙地)逃脱，躲开；使为难；难倒；使困惑”，均不符合题意。A.estateB.textile C.habitatD.excerpt解析：解析 B 项意为“纺织的”。根据下文的论据，woolen garments 和 cotton是它的上义词，所以应填入 textile。而 A项“地产”，C 项“产地；栖息地；居留地”，D 项“摘录；引述；选录”均不符合题意。A.within B.beforeC.betweenD

41、.onto解析：解析 A 项意为“在之内”。根据上下文，从 1740年到 1793年之间不到 100年的时间，所以应填入 within，即“在后来的 100年内”。而 D项 before“在之前”，C 项 between“在之间”，D 项 onto“在之上”均不符合题意。A.intensifiedB.replaced C.threatenedD.sterilized解析：解析 be replaced by 意为“被所代替”。根据原文：“浸水的和对健康不利的羊毛被棉花所代替”，所以选择 replace。而 A项“变强；增强”，C 项“威胁；恐吓”，D 项“灭菌；消毒”均不符合原文意思。A.inv

42、ention B.plantationC.utilizationD.determination解析：解析 A 项意为“发明”。根据文章一致性，invention 与下文的 innovation(革新；改革；新发明)形成呼应。而 D项“大农场：林场；种植园”，C 项“利用”，D 项“决定；决心”均不形成呼应，不符题意。A.discoveredB.nominatedC.introduced D.miniaturized解析：解析 C 项意为“介绍；引进”。根据原文意思：“在纺织过程中，其中一个最重要的新发明是Joseph Jacquard在 1801年引进到法国的。”所以选 introduce。而

43、选项 A“发现”，B“提名；任命”，D“使小型化”均不符合原文意思。A.ponderB.design C.advanceD.formulate解析：解析 根据原文意思： “尝试着在同样的原理上设计一台能够计算的机器”，所以选择“design”。而选项 A“考虑；反思”，C“使前进；提高”，D“构想，规划；系统地阐述”均不符原文意思。A.prophesiedB.foretold C.dictatedD.preached解析：解析 本题考查词义辨析。foretell 指“(根据科学证据)预言、预测。”根据原文：“虽然这种机器从来没有运用到实际上，但是它预示了 20世纪的计算机大革命”。而选项 A“

44、(受神的启示而)预言；说出”，C“口授，使听写；命令”，D“布道，讲道；告诫，说教”均不符原文意思。Everyone has suffered from headaches, but 21 recently medical researchers were not certain what caused them. Blew research is giving us more 22 about two common types of headaches: tension headaches and migraine headaches. The most painful 23 are mig

45、raines, which 24 about eight to ten percent of the time and are 25 as a very sharp, throbbing pain. Most headaches, 26 , are tension headaches. They are unpleasant, of course, but not as painful as the migraine 27 . Usually they are experienced as a 28 ache on both sides of the head or in the back o

46、r forehead. These headaches are caused by the tightening of the muscles of the head and neck, which 29 causes the blood vessels to narrow, making it difficult for the brain to receive the oxygen (water, nutrition, blood) it needs. This is what causes the pain. Migraines, 30 , result from the blood v

47、essels in the brain enlarging, causing swelling in the brain. This swelling results in terrible pain. The headache may last for a day or two and 31 the individual sick and weak. Migraines are apparently 32 , because several individuals in the same family usually have them. Doctors believe that the b

48、rains of these individuals 33 in unusual ways to small problems, like failing a test or eating unwisely. 34 there are warning. 35 before a migraine occurs, such as spots appearing before the eyes or a sick feeling in the 36 . If the person takes medicine or caffeine as soon as he or she begins to fe

49、el the headache coming 37 , it can be 38 Caffeine and the medicine, called ergot, cause the blood vessels to narrow. Once the headache 39 , sleep and a cool 40 on the head may help.（分数：40.00）A.whenB.whileC.until D.as if解析：解析 与 not相呼应，用 until。A.learningB.information C.considerationD.acknowledgement解析：解析 能与句意相配的只有 information，此处意为“知识”。A.oneB.ones C.typesD.type解析：解析 与句中的 are migraines相一致，此处应用复数 ones。A.show upB.appearC.occur D.come解析：解析 show up 指“出席，到场”；come 用来形容疾病出现不太恰当；与 appear相比，occur