【考研类试卷】考博医学英语-387及答案解析.doc

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1、考博医学英语-387 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：3，分数：15.00)（分数：5.00）A.The man hurried through the exam.B.The room is too warm for a sweater.C.The man will be late if he doesn“t hurry.D.The man put his sweater on the wrong way.A.Tom doesn“t work hard enough.B

2、.Tom doesn“t think the woman needs a worker.C.Tom has a poor personality.D.Tom works every quickly.A.He becomes out of work.B.He doesn“t tell the truth.C.He doesn“t like his job.D.He works with many workers.A.He prefers shorter plays to this one.B.He doesn“t have to go to see that play.C.He wouldn“t

3、 see the play as often as the woman had.D.He liked the play better the first time he saw it.A.He“s unable to appear in court.B.He wishes he could be a better student.C.He plays tennis better than she does.D.He“s not so enthusiastic about academics.（分数：5.00）A.The woman doesn“t like cold weather.B.The

4、 snow would get dirty quickly.C.It wouldn“t snow.D.All the snow would melt.A.The woman thinks the salesman was realistic.B.The woman thinks the salesman exaggerated his part.C.The woman thinks the salesman was not dramatic enough.D.The woman thinks the salesman played his part well.A.Scientific meth

5、od.B.Result of experiment.C.Modem solution.D.New invention.A.They are having a party.B.They have no time to study economics and management.C.They are too busy to have a regular meal.D.They are making time to do some physical exercises.A.It will not be so easy.B.It will surely be easy.C.The computer

6、will break down.D.The computer will not work properly.（分数：5.00）A.History.B.Geography.C.Mathematics.D.Art.A.Logic.B.Reasoning.C.Deduction.D.Analysis.A.A group of pioneers survived their first year from severe winter.B.A group of Native Americans survived their first year.C.A group of settlers gave th

7、anks for God“s generosity.D.A group of Indians worshiped God in their own way.A.Triumph.B.Significant.C.A sense of burning.D.Pretty tired.A.Talent and humor.B.Energy and love.C.Creative and courage.D.talent and humanity.三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.To make prepara

8、tions for a new publication.B.To learn how couples spend their weekends.C.To know how housework is shared.D.To investigate what people do at the weekend.A.He goes to exercise classes.B.He goes sailing.C.lie goes to the cinema.D.lie stays at home.A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.D.Any weekday.A.Surname.B

9、.First name.C.Address.D.Age.A.Fishing.B.Swimming.C.Selling.D.Sailing.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.Poor, untrained women.B.Young medical students.C.Wives of military officers.D.Middle-class men and women.A.Medical men.B.Upper-class women.C.Professional nurses.D.Military commanders.A.Nursing

10、 was an art that could not be taught.B.Additional medical care from nurses was unnecessary.C.Volunteer nurses from the upper class were adequate.D.Educated nurses would undermine their authority.A.Public hygiene in the United States.B.Florence Nightingale: a nurse“s story.C.The fight for nursing edu

11、cation in the United States.D.Health care in upper-and lower-class neighborhoods.A.Bellevue was a hospital.B.Bellevue was a government.C.Bellevue was a university.D.Bellevue was a women“s prison.六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.One always knows what his muscles are doing.B.One performs simpl

12、e actions without working.C.One“s muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they perform.D.One improves muscular action consciously.A.Voluntary muscles.B.Involuntary muscles.C.Muscles fibers.D.Sensory nerves.A.Because she has more voluntary muscles than an average man.B.Because s

13、he has only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body mass as man“s.C.Because she has 60 to 70 percent less muscles for her body mass.D.Because she has less muscle fiber for her body weight.A.The efficiency of our muscles.B.The normal breathing function.C.Direction our muscles intelligently.D.The

14、 work of only our involuntary muscles.A.They can become shorter and thicker.B.They can stretch.C.They have sense linking the muscles to the brain.D.They can retract to their original position.七、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.You are healthy when you are _ your outer and i

15、nner environments.（分数：0.50）A.in relation toB.with regard toC.in contrast withD.in harmony with2.Good health is a spirited _ of energy, smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life.（分数：0.50）A.textureB.mixC.burstD.peak3.The _ of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt a pe

16、rson to seek therapy is wide.（分数：0.50）A.formulaB.coverageC.intervalD.spectrum4.Work is a _ of satisfaction.（分数：0.50）A.measureB.terminalC.sourceD.resource5.If you _ a heart-attack or stroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to stay calm and urge bystanders to call for an

17、 ambulance.（分数：0.50）A.find outB.go intoC.pass byD.come across6.Today people still don“t make health a(n) _ because they have no time.（分数：0.50）A.privilegeB.issueC.principleD.priority7.Mental exercise can favorably _ the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one“s bodily proporti

18、ons.（分数：0.50）A.modifyB.adjustC.developD.contract8.The distinctions between the different schools and approaches are often very _.（分数：0.50）A.subtleB.sufficientC.superficialD.superior9.Despite the limitations of a standard CT, it does a _ job of picturing the internal anatomy of the body.（分数：0.50）A.su

19、premeB.superbC.sufficientD.superfluous10.The city government is getting its residents to properly _ their garbage.（分数：0.50）A.break upB.dispose ofC.check outD.hand out九、Section B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)11.The recent deterioration in the economy is of great concern to the government.（分数：0.50）A.depressionB.def

20、iciencyC.degenerationD.deformity12.A substantial hike in the top rate of income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation“s already waning support.（分数：0.50）A.depreciatingB.warningC.decliningD.startling13.He was not conspicuously hairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying a

21、nd receding tactfully in keeping with his age.（分数：0.50）A.prominentlyB.warilyC.consciouslyD.conventionally14.The water company is obliged to maintain a supply of wholesome water.（分数：0.50）A.availableB.hydraulicC.balancedD.hygienic15.Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oral cancer partly bec

22、ause the smoke constantly assaults the tissues that line the mouth and throat.（分数：0.50）A.detectsB.contaminatesC.occupiesD.attacks16.Most organisms must fit in with their surroundings because their skills to alter their environment are restricted and highly specialized.（分数：0.50）A.attach themselves to

23、B.succumb toC.lean onD.adapt themselves to17.Instead of being recycled, garbage is left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spread infectious diseases.（分数：0.50）A.innocuousB.gatheringC.filthyD.inflammable18.The prevalence of highly intelligent devices has eliminated the handicap

24、s associated with most disabilities.（分数：0.50）A.disadvantagesB.dispositionsC.disappointmentsD.discomforts19.In general, lasers operate by creating an intense amount of light and energy which is then converted into heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue.（分数：0.50）A.developedB.redu

25、cedC.transformedD.decoded20.Shyness, the most common form of social anxiety, occurs when a person“s apprehensions are so great that they inhibit his making an expected or desired social response.（分数：0.50）A.dischargeB.triggerC.restrainD.defer十、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Exercise is good for people, bu

26、t most people really know very little about how to exercise properly. So when you try, you may run into trouble. Many people 1 that when specific muscles are exercised, the fat in the neighbouring area is “burned up“. Yet the 2 is that exercise burns fat from all over the body. Studies show muscles

27、which are not 3 lose their strength very quickly. To regain it needs 48 to 72 hours and exercise every other day will keep a normal level of physical strength. To 4 weight you should always “work up a good sweat“ when exercising. No sweating only 5 body temperature to prevent over heating. This is n

28、othing but water loss. 6 you replace the liquid, you replace the weight. Walking is the best and easy-to-do exercise. It helps the circulation of blood throughout the body, and has a direct 7 on your overall feeling of health. Experience says that 20 minutes“ exercise a day is minimum amount. 8 your

29、 breathing doesn“t return to normal state within minutes after you finish 9 , you“ve done 10 .（分数：10.00）A.understandB.believeC.hopeD.knowA.replyB.possibilityC.truthD.reasonA.exercisedB.examinedC.protectedD.curedA.loseB.gainC.keepD.burnA.raisesB.reducesC.destroysD.keeps upA.WhileB.OnceC.AsD.WheneverA

30、.effectB.useC.usageD.affectA.But ifB.ButC.IfD.And ifA.workingB.walkingC.exercisingD.breathingA.enoughB.muchC.too muchD.much too十一、Part Reading Compre(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Among all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer; more than 100,000 Americans die of the disea

31、se. Giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vi

32、tamin A called carotene. The finding, published in THE LANCET, is part of a long-range investigation of diet and disease. Since 1957, some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr.

33、 Richard Shekelle of St. Luke“s Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the links between the subjects“ dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offer some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, explain

34、s Shekelle, since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial tissue that lines the airways of the lungs. Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin. “Preformed“ vitamin A, known as retinols found mainly in liver and dairy prod

35、ucts like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene, which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and apples. In the study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between

36、the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A. But when they examined the data on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group

37、 of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even for long-time smokersbut to a lesser degree. Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime,

38、researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, because the tablets contain a form of the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balanced diet that includes goods rich in carotene. For a smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly

39、 make the difference between life and death.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “malignancy“ (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.cancerB.sicknessC.vitaminsD.disease(2).Preformed vitamin A is NOT found in _.（分数：1.00）A.milkB.eggsC.applesD.cheese(3).Carotene is present in all of the following EXCE

40、PT _.（分数：1.00）A.tomatoesB.carrotsC.squashD.butter(4).Among the groups studied, who had the most cases of lung cancer?（分数：1.00）A.Those with the lowest level of carotene intake.B.Those with the highest level of carotene intake.C.Those who ate only foods containing carotene.D.Those with the lowest inta

41、ke of carrots.(5).What is needed to establish firmly the link between carotene and lung cancer?（分数：1.00）A.Further study.B.More money.C.More cases of lung cancer.D.More people willing to eat carrots.十三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or ment

42、al functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don“t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by

43、 many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is per

44、vasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effe

45、cts such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearan

46、ce of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, dep

47、ressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances ofte

48、n called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one“s state of consciousness.（分数：5.00）(1).“substances abuse“ (line 4, paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse“ in that _.（分数：1.00）A.substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if

49、illegally usedB.“drug abuse“ is only related to a limited number of drugtakersC.alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaineD.many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous(2).The word “persuasive“ (line 1, paragraph 2) might mean _.（分数：1.00）A.widespreadB.overwhelmingC.piercingD.fashionable(3).Physical dependence on certain substances results from _.（分数：1.00）A.uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of timeB.exclusive use of them for social purposesC.quantitative applic