2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语.docx

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1、 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语 本试卷满分 135 分。考试用时 120 分钟。 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分 45 分） 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 115 各题所给的 A、 B、 C和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. Howe

2、ver, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die. Even though we cant live

3、forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命 ) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience

4、physical and mental 7 until after age 75. People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Now that the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better

5、diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The 11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” ar

6、e healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 15 active and devoted. 1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 解析： 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过 120 岁。 designed 设

7、计； selected 选择，挑选； improved 提高，改善； discovered 发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会超过 120 岁，故选 A。 答案： A 2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 解析： 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而 110 岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命 如果他非常的健康和幸运。 completely 完全地； generally 一般地； apparently 显然地； extremely 极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常的健康和幸运，人们希望能

8、活到 110 岁。故选D。 答案： D 3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 解析： 考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会无止境的再生。 rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地； endlessly 无止境地； separately 分离地，分开地。根据句意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此选 C。 答案： C 4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 解析： 考查副词及语境的理解。句意

9、：它们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。 eventually 最终； hopelessly 没有希望地； automatically 自动地； desperately 绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选 A。 答案： A 5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier 解析： 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久地活着，我们的寿命比以前更长了。 busier 更忙的； longer 更长的； richer 更富有的； happier 更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选 B。 答案： B 6. A. fi

10、nishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing 解析： 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线， 65 岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成； guiding 指导，指引； waiting 等待； dividing 划分。根据文意可知，把 65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。 dividing line 分界线，故选 D。 答案： D 7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure 解析： 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到 75 岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落

11、。 stress 压力，压迫； damage 损坏； decline 衰落，衰弱； failure 失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在 75 岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选 C。 答案： C 8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 解析： 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存； enjoy 喜欢，欣赏； remember 记得； value 价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和 the chances of living long are much higher due to a bet

12、ter diets and health care 可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选 A。 答案： A 9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases 解析： 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。 problems 问题； fears 恐惧，害怕； worries 担心； diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选 D。 答案： D 10. A. poor B. young C. sick

13、D. quiet 解析： 考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。 poor 穷的； young 年轻的； sick 病的； quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了， dying young 就是年少死去。故选 B。 答案： B 11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 解析： 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。 changes 改变； recovery 恢复； saf

14、ety 安全； increases 增长，增加。根据下文中 Some people fear such changes will 可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选 A。 答案： A 12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices 解析： 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。 dreams 梦想； chances 机会； strengths 力量； choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的 while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选 B。 答案： B 13.

15、A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement 解析： 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在 “黄金年龄 ”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。 mind 心态； appearance 外表； voice 声音； movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选 A。 答案： A 14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission 解析： 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。 p

16、rotection 保护； suggestions 建议； contributions 贡献； permission 允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选 C。 答案： C 15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay 解析： 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。 sound 听起来； appear 好像；出现； turn 转，变成； stay 保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。 答案： D 第二节

17、 语法填空（共 10 小题； 每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文 ， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求 ， 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空 ， 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 16-25 的相应位置上。 Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm, which looked almost abandoned. 17 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold

18、or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly 18 other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 20 it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 21 (fall) over

19、the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living 22 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he started growing co

20、tton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 24 people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 解析： 16.句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。 a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个 ，修饰可数名词单

21、数。根据文意可知， Johnson 先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填 a。 17.句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。 luckily 副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知， Johnson 先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶 牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子 18.句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物。本句话中 exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知， Johnson先生用牛奶来换其他的食物。这里是用短语 exchangefor ，故填介词 for。 19.句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的

22、食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。 leave 离开；剩下，留下。根据文意可知， Johnson 先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用 来制作奶酪和黄油。这里 what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。 20.句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。 when 是并列连词，意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是 be doing sth. when ，正在做某事这时 。 21.句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下了山死了。 fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式 fell。 22.句意：牛

23、奶死了， Johnson 先生不得不继续生活。 with 和 一起。根据文意可知，牛奶在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此 Johnson先生就不得不没有了奶牛来生活。故填 without。 23.句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长， Johnson 先生就开始砍树来卖木头。 sell卖，销售。根据文意可知， Johnson 先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木柴。这里用动词不定式形式在句中 作 目的状语。 24.句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。 where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the market。 25.句意：现在看 来

24、好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。 It occurred to sb. that 某人突然发现 ， 这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是Johnson 先生，故填 him。 答案： 16. a 17. luckily 18. for 19. was left 20. when 21. fell 22. without 23. to sell 24. where 25. him II 阅读（共两节， 25 题，满分 50 分） 阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 40 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项 。 A

25、 Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box hasnt even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ” Peter examined the bo

26、x, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box. “You should put that up for auction(拍卖 ) on the Internet, and see what happens.” the salesgirl said. “Yes, youre right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I cant imagi

27、ne there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.” “Dont forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled. “No problem.” Peter said. After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But he couldnt find it. Then he typed in

28、the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for variou

29、s versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them, telling them what he had. Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop. “Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game?” The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!” “Ive got something for you,” Peter said

30、. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills. “Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.” 26. Which of the following best describes Peters word game? A. It was made around 40 years ago. B. It had game boards in different si

31、zes. C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal. D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors. 解析： 细节理解题。根据 “ I can I cant imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.” 可知这个游戏盒子大约在 40 年前制造的。故选 A。 答案： A 27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Pet

32、ers word game? A. Old and handy. B. Rare and valuable. C. Classic and attractive. D. Colorful and interesting 解析： 推理判断题。根据 “ the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box havent even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ” 可知这个女销售认为这个游戏盒子没有打开过，可能值钱，有价值。故选 B。 答案： B 28. Peter got the names of

33、 the game fans from _. A. an auction B. the Internet C. a game shop D. the second-hand shop 解析： 推理判断题。根据 “ The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different

34、 colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.” 可知 Peter 是从网上得知这个游戏爱好者的名字。故选 B。 答案： B 29. What happened at the end of the story? A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward. B. The salesgirl became Peters friend. C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000. D. T

35、he salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again. 解析： 细节理解题。根据 “ Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.” 可知 Bill感谢这位女销售员的建议，给了她 300 美元作为回报。故选 A。 答案 ： A 30. What is the main theme of the story? A. Its important to keep a promise. B.

36、 Its great to share in other peoples happiness. C. We should be grateful for the help from others. D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money. 解析： 推理判断题。全文围绕着 Peter 听了女销售员的建议，买了这个游戏盒，赚了钱，为了表示感谢，他给了这个女销售员 300 美元作为回报。故推断这个故事的主题是我们应该感谢别人的帮助。故选 C。 答案： C B When I was nine years old, I loved to go

37、 fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even mor

38、e upset then because, “Im not a fish!” I didnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does? As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and st

39、arted attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fis

40、h dont have any eyelids(眼皮 ) and the sun huts their eyes The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them. When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didnt completely make s

41、ense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think m

42、ore like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters. 31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine? A. He could not catch a fish. B. His father was not patient with him. C. His father did not teach him fishing. D. He could not influence a fish as

43、 his father did. 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “ But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why.” 可知作者感到难过，是因为他捉不到一条鱼。故选 A。 答案： A 32. What did the authors father really mean? A. To read about fis

44、h. B. To learn fishing by oneself. C. To understand what fish think. D. To study fishing in many ways. 解析： 推理判断题。根据 “ The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.”“ 我越了解鱼，我越能有效地找到鱼 ” 可知此处父亲的意思是要我了解钓鱼的方法。故选 D。 答案： D 33. According to the author, fish are most l

45、ikely to be found _. A. in deep water on sunny days B. in deep water on cloudy days C. in shallow water under sunlight D. in shallow water under waterside trees. 解析： 推理判断题。根据 “ That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water” 可知鱼喜欢在浅水里，不喜欢在深水里，故排除 A、 B两项。根据 water is usually warmer in direct sunl

46、ight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮 ) and the sun hurts their eyes.可知鱼喜欢呆在阴凉处，不喜欢呆在阳光直射的地方，故排除 C 项。 D 项水边树下的浅水处，是鱼喜欢呆的地方，故此处更有可能发现鱼。故选 D。 答案： D 34. After entering the business world, the author found _. A. it easy to think like a customer B. his fathers fishing advice inspirin

47、g C. his first bosss sales ideas reasonable D. it difficult to sell services to poor people 解析： 推理判断题。根据 “ I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.”“ 我逐渐了解我们需要像消费者一样去思考 ” 这与父亲的 “ You need to think like a fish” 相似，因此这是父亲的话给他的启发。故选 B。 答案： B 35. This passage most likely com

48、es from _. A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaires biography 解析： 推理判断题。根据 “ It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.”“ 这不是一份轻松的工作，我将在下面几章里向你们展示如何去做 ” ，故推断这是在教授大家如何去销售的书。故选 B。 答案： B C Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family. We tend t