【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-155及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-155 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.I would like to express my _ to you all for supporting me this summer as a visiting scholar in your department. A. satisfaction B. gratitude C. pleasure D. sincerity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.By the end of this term, the girls _ t

2、he basic rules of dinner party conversation. A. will learn B. will have learned C. have learned D. are learning（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.The fruit _ more than half the countrys annual exports according to a recent report. A. accounts for B. stands for C. provides for D. makes for（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.Children

3、 dont _ understand what are reciting, but gradually it will have an impact on thinking. A. necessarily B. profitably C. unnecessarily D. unprofitably（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.Well all take a vacation in the mountains as soon as I finish working _ my project. A. on B. with C. in D. about（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6.T

4、he Government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to _ for their financial losses. A. make up B. turn up C. fill in D. lean on（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.He has fancy dreams about his life, and nothing ever quite _ his expectations. A. matches B. makes C. reaches D. realizes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.

5、Though the doctors tried everything they couldnt save him from the deep _ wound. A. shot B. punch C. pinch D. stab（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.The extensive survey suggested that their assumptions _ totally wrong. A. were B. be C. was D. would be（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.The high living standards of US cause its pr

6、esent population to _ 25 percent of the worlds oil. A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、BPart Reading (总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for

7、 sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are upsett

8、ing parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largel

9、y man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report “Science never has all the answers but science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,

10、and it is critical that out nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. “Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it

11、s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attentio

12、n. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more researcha classic case of “paralysis by analysis“.To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmos

13、pheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private indu

14、stry is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.（分数：10.00）(1).An argument made by supporters of smoking was t

15、hat _ A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death. B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant. C. people had the freedom to choose their own way of life. D. antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).

16、According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _ A. a protector. B. a judge. C. a critic. D. a guide.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“ (last line, Paragraph 4)? A. Endless studies kill action. B. Careful investigation reveals truth. C. Prudent planning hinde

17、rs. D. Extensive research helps decision-making.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the author, what should the Administration do about _ A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. B. Raise public awareness of conservation. C. Press for further scientific research. D. Take some legislative measures.（

18、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _ A. they both suffered from the governments negligence. B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former. C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former. . D. both of them have turned from

19、bad to worse.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cat

20、aracts removed in a 30-minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of our

21、s.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can p

22、ossibly be done for us, even if its useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians-frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patienttoo often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the U.S. spen

23、t $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certai

24、n agesay 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty todie and get out of the way“ , so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and bey

25、ond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day OConnor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. These leaders are living proof that prevention works and

26、that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I als

27、o know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve peoples lives.（分数：10.00）(1).W

28、hat is implied in the first sentence? A. Americans are better prepared for death than other people. B. Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before. C. Americans are over-confident of their medical technology. D. Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2

29、).The author uses the example of caner patients to show that _ A. medical resources are often wasted. B. doctors are helpless against fatal diseases. C. some treatments are too aggressive. D. medical costs are becoming unaffordable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors attitude to ward Richard Lamms rema

30、rk is one of _ A. strong disapproval. B. reserved consent. C. slight contempt. D. enthusiastic support.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In contrast to the U.S. , Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care _ A. more flexibly. B. more extravagantly. C. more cautiously. D. more reasonably.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5)

31、.The text intends to express the idea that _ A. medicine will further prolong peoples lives. B. life beyond a certain limit is not worth living. C. death should be accepted as a fact of life. D. excessive demands increase the cost of health care.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In spi

32、te of “endless talk of difference,“ American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption“ launched by the 19th century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an eleg

33、ant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, “these were stores, anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. “ The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are q

34、uickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent o

35、f population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority o

36、f immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well “or“ very well “after ten years of residence. “ The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant fa

37、milies. “ Hence the description of America as a graveyard “ for language“. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanies “have higher rates of inter

38、marriage than do U. S-born whites and blacks. “ By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzen

39、egger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power. “Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? IndeeD. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed a

40、gainst Americas turbulent past, todays social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “homogenizing“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means _. A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, the

41、department stores of the 19th century _ A. played a role in the spread of popular culture. B. became intimate shops for common consumers. C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The text suggests that immigrants now in

42、 the U.S. _ A. are resistant to homogenization. B. exert a great influence on American culture. C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. D. constitute the majority of the population.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To prove their po

43、pularity around the world. B. To reveal the publics fear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants. D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is _ A. rewarding B. successful

44、C. fruitless D. harmful（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Watch out! Here comes London Mayor Boris Johnson riding a bicycle from his new bike hire plan. “What Weve put in a new form of public transport. These bikes are going to belong to everybody. “More than 12000 people have signed up

45、for the plan. They each receive a key at a cost of three pounds, with costs at one pound for a 24-hour membership, five pounds for seven days, and 45 pounds for an annual membership. “John Payne, a London teacher who cycles a lot, is among the first to use the system. “Its very comfortable. For peop

46、le who dont cycle much I think itll he very useful. But for people who cycle regularly, they are possibly a bit slow, But they re perfect for London streets, very strong. I think theyll he very widely used. “And Johnson says its of good value. “I think its extremely good value. The first half hour i

47、s free. If you cycle smart and you cycle around London onmost journeys in London take less than half an hour, you can cycle the whole day free. “Some 5000 bikes are currently available at over 300 docking stations(租车点) in central London. Johnson says the city will gradually expand the system. “Clear

48、ly one of our ambitions is to make sure that in 2012 when the world comes to London, they will be able to use London hire bikes to go to the Olympic Stadiums. “（分数：10.00）(1).Mayor Boris Johnson is riding a bicycle to _. A. go to work B. attend a competition C. promote his bike hire plan D. show his love for cycling（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions John Payne as an example of people who _. A. oppose the bike hire plan B. support the bike hire plan C. dont cycle much D. cycle regularly（分数：2.00）A.B.C