【考研类试卷】MBA联考-英语(二)-45及答案解析.doc

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1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-45 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful 1 is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease or

2、ganisms and personal devices is 2 . Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 3 resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing, 4 ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 5 wire umbilici. It is tempting to 5 a “strate

3、gy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient. 6 , the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 7 experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech 8 occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as anim

4、al behaviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a 9 cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is 10 with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when w

5、e 11 look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement 13 an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile 14 that the

6、popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been 12 by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 13 , mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to 1

7、4 sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 15 the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this 16 , a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This woul

8、d make it 17 to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.（分数：10.00）A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.eventA.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysteriousA.relyingB.choosingC.grabbingD.usingA.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing forA.withB.o

9、verC.toD.viaA.pointB.turnC.attributeD.preferA.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.OtherwiseA.whichB.asC.thatD.whereA.progressB.termC.crisisD.addictionA.dangerousB.specialC.largeD.funnyA.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.reversedA.anxiouslyB.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlesslyA.withinB.fromC.aboutD.throughA.suppor

10、tB.approveC.argueD.insistA.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modifiedA.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.RegrettablyA.compensateB.helpC.comfortD.improveA.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observeA.partB.senseC.levelD.wayA.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：

11、0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ever since Muzak started serenading patrons of hotels and restaurants in the 1930s, piped-in music has been part of the consumer experience. Without the throb of a synthesiser or a guitar“s twang, shoppers would sense something missing as they tried on jeans or fill

12、ed up trolleys. Specialists like Mood Media, which bought Muzak in 2011, devise audio programmes to influence the feel of shops and cater to customers“ tastes. The idea is to entertain, and thereby prolong the time shoppers spend in stores, says Claude Nahon, the firm“s international chief. Music by

13、 famous artists works better than the generic stuff that people associate with Muzak. The embarrassing brand name was dropped in 2013. Online shopping is an under-explored area of merchandising musicology. A new study commissioned by eBay, a shopping website, aims to correct that. Some 1,900 partici

14、pants were asked to simulate online shopping while listening to different sounds. Some results were unsurprising. The noise of roadworks and crying babies soured shoppers“ views of the products on offer. Chirruping birds encouraged sales of barbecues but not blenders or board games. Sounds associate

15、d with quality and luxury seemed to be hazardous for shoppers“ wallets. The study found classical music and restaurant buzz caused them to overestimate the quality of goods on offer and to pay more than they should. That backs up earlier research which found that shoppers exposed to classical music

16、in a wine store bought more expensive bottles than those hearing pop. EBay wants consumers to avoid such unhealthy influences when shopping online. It has blended birdsong, dreamy music and the sound of a rolling trainthought to be pleasant but not overly seductive-to help them buy more sensibly. Re

17、tailers could presumably counter by turning up the Chopin. “Classical music does seem to be the way to go“ if your only interest is the narrow one of squeezing as much money as possible from your clientele, says the study“s author, Patrick Fagan, a lecturer at Goldsmiths, part of the University of L

18、ondon. Few traditional shops are likely to use that tactic. H so, presumably, the tendency to be happy or miserable is, to some extent, passed on through DNA. To try to establish just what that extent is, a group of scientists examined over 1,000 pairs of twins from a huge study on the health of Ame

19、rican adolescents. They conclude that about a third of the variation in people“s happiness is heritable. But while twin studies are useful for establishing the extent to which a characteristic is heritable, they do not finger the particular genes at work. One of the researchers, Jan-Emmanuel De Neve

20、, of University College, London, and the London School of Economics, has tried to do just that, by picking a popular suspectthe gene that encodes the serotonin-transporter protein, and examining how variants of that gene affect levels of happiness. Serotonin is involved in mood regulation. Serotonin

21、 transporters are crucial to this job. The serotonin-transporter gene comes in two functional variantslong and short. People have two versions (known as alleles). The adolescents in Dr. De Neve“s study were asked to grade themselves from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. Dr. De Neve found that th

22、ose with one long allele were 8% more likely than those with none to describe themselves as very satisfied; those with two long alleles were 17% more likely. Which is interesting. Where the story could become controversial is when the ethnic origins of the volunteers are taken into account. All were

23、 Americans, but they were asked to classify themselves by race as well. On average, the Asian Americans in the sample had 0.69 long genes, the black Americans had 1.47 and the white Americans had 1.12. There is growing interest in the study of happiness, not just among geneticists but also among eco

24、nomists and policymakers dissatisfied with current ways of measuring humanity“s achievements. Future work in this field will be read avidly in those circles.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in “Age has a role, too“ in Paragraph 1 ?（分数：2.00）A.The middle-aged are happier than the old.B.The middle-aged ar

25、e happier than the young.C.The middle-aged are happier than the young and the old.D.The young and the old are happier than the middle-aged.(2).By examining over 1,000 pairs of twins, scientists intend to confirm the extent of that _.（分数：2.00）A.external circumstances govern happinessB.personality det

26、ermines happinessC.genes identify happinessD.age affects happiness(3).Which of the following is the twin studies“ finding?（分数：2.00）A.The tendency to be happy or miserable is passed on through DNA.B.The happiness of about 330 pairs of twins is heritable.C.They establish the extent to which a personal

27、ity is decisive.D.They hardly find the serotonin-transporter gene probably functioned.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.some have two short alleles, and others have two long onesB.different races may have different propensities for happinessC.the notion that human personality

28、 is a blank slate is strengthenedD.those with two short alleles were more likely than those with one long allele(5).In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _.（分数：2.00）A.policymakers“ studies on happinessB.every continent“s levels of happinessC.anothe

29、r factor that governs happinessD.humanity“s achievement and happiness六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Women are moody. By evolutionary design, we are hard-wired to be sensitive to our environments, empathic to our children“s needs and intuitive of our partners“ intentions. This is basic to our survival and t

30、hat of our offspring. Some research suggests that women are often better at articulating their feelings than men because as the female brain develops, more capacity is reserved for language, memory, hearing and observing emotions in others. These are observations rooted in biology, not intended to m

31、esh with any kind of pro- or anti-feminist ideology. But they do have social implications. Women“s emotionality is a sign of health, not disease; it is a source of power. But we are under constant pressure to restrain our emotional lives. We have been taught to apologize for our tears, to suppress o

32、ur anger and to fear being called hysterical. The pharmaceutical industry plays on that fear, targeting women in a barrage of advertising on daytime talk shows and in magazines. More Americans are on psychiatric medications than ever before, and in my experience they are staying on them far longer t

33、han was ever intended. Sales of antidepressants and antianxiety meds have been booming in the past two decades, and they“ve recently been outpaced by an antipsychotic, Abilify, that is the No. 1 seller among all drugs in the United States, not just psychiatric ones. At least one in four women in Ame

34、rica now takes a psychiatric medication, compared with one in seven men. Women are nearly twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of depression or anxiety disorder than men are. For many women, these drugs greatly improve their lives. But for others they aren“t necessary. The increase in prescription

35、s for psychiatric medications, often by doctors in other specialties, is creating a new normal, encouraging more women to seek chemical assistance. Whether a woman needs these drugs should be a medical decision, not a response to peer pressure and consumerism. Obviously, there are situations where p

36、sychiatric medications are called for. The problem is too many genuinely ill people remain untreated, mostly because of socioeconomic factors. People who don“t really need these drugs are trying to medicate a normal reaction to an unnatural set of stressors: lives without nearly enough sleep, sunshi

37、ne, nutrients, movement and eye contact, which is crucial to us as social primates.（分数：10.00）(1).Women are often better at expressing their feelings than men in that women _.（分数：2.00）A.are born to be sensitive to environmentsB.have more brain“s capacity for expressing functionsC.have the basic skill

38、s to surviveD.are more sensitive to language(2).The phrase “mesh with“ (Para. 2) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.agree withC.cater forD.deal with(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.The pharmaceutical industry takes advantage of women“s fear.B.Nowadays,

39、 more Americans are drinking psychiatric medications.C.Sales of antidepressants meds have showed the declining trend in the past two decades.D.Abilify is the best-selling drug in the United States.(4).According to the passage, what makes more women seek chemical assistance?（分数：2.00）A.Doctors in othe

40、r fields prescribe more and more psychiatric medications.B.More and more Americans are taking psychiatric medications.C.This drugs greatly improve women“s lives.D.Women are affected by peer pressure and consumerism.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.psychiatric medications

41、 are not importantB.many really ill people are not anxious to buy psychiatric medicationsC.many people need psychiatric medications for excitementD.human beings need some outdoor and social activities七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surpris

42、ingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in th

43、e rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow“s robots will i

44、ncreasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander. Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on:

45、robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous . Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policiesstarting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources. The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov

46、 laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo r

47、elations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites“ fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction. Two princi

48、plesdon“t let robots hurt or frighten peopleare relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to av

49、oid duplication between robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century“s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.（分数：10.00）(1).The second sentence implies that management thinkers should _.（分数：2.00）A.turn robots into superheroes and supervillainsB.give robots names such as the TerminatorC.ponder more about homo-robo relationsD.create more robots with super power(2).Which of the following statements is true about