【考研类试卷】MBA联考-英语(二)-43及答案解析.doc

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1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-43 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 1 author is

2、not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people“s 2 of the real author 3 their perception of the message. Also other people may want to 4 certain information about

3、themselves in order to achieve a more 5 evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been 6 that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 7 was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 8 of people, for example when repor

4、ting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and 9 personal information which is protected. In some 10 , for exam

5、ple confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially 11 to allow people to consult a priest, 12 seeing him face to face. The anonymity in 13 situations is however not always 100%. Ira person tells a lawyer that he plans a 14 crime, some countries allow or even 15 that the lawyer te

6、ll the 16 . The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to 17 their feeling more than their real intention. Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as 18 that people

7、can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent 19 the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for 20 reasons.（分数：10.00）A.strangeB.ordinaryC.ridiculousD.fa

8、mousA.preconceptionB.worshipC.admirationD.discriminationA.colorB.destroyC.distinguishD.preferA.showB.concealC.cancelD.distainA.funnyB.unbiasedC.freshD.straightA.surprisingB.commonC.acknowledgedD.unbelievableA.religionB.beliefC.ideaD.synagogueA.possessionB.honorC.privacyD.reputationA.requireB.dispers

9、eC.revealD.getA.countriesB.filesC.regionsD.casesA.cleanedB.putC.designedD.automatedA.beforeB.afterC.withD.withoutA.confessionalB.churchC.otherD.privateA.casualB.seriousC.mediumD.temporaryA.begB.pleadC.appealD.requireA.policeB.confessorC.bossD.priestA.keepB.leakC.intensifyD.expressA.insultingB.import

10、antC.forgivableD.proudA.ofB.amongC.onD.withinA.unknownB.strikingC.obviousD.intimate二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist“s smart-phone is the climax of a slow turning of the

11、tables between the technology industry and the United States government. On the one side, you have the United States government“s mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderer“s phone. The action stems from a federal co

12、urt order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the F.B.I. unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, Calif., in December. In the other corner is the world“s most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy D. Cook, has said he will appeal the

13、court“s order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere. There

14、 will probably be months of legal tussling, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontatio

15、n. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public“s collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data. Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law e

16、nforcement investigation, what“s to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Chinese or the Iranians? Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively, before a suspected terrorist at tackleaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or

17、risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. Yet it“s worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. “If they“re anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet they“re rethinking their threat model as we spea

18、k,“ said Jonathan Zdziarski, who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.（分数：10.00）(1).In Paragraph 1, “a slow turning of the tables“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.fighting under the tableB.reversing a situation slowlyC.beating the opponent slowlyD.performing a good drama(2).What is the United Stat

19、es government fighting for?（分数：2.00）A.The strong legal and security power.B.The basic rights of the poor.C.The data in a bad guy“s phone.D.The authority of the federal court.(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 3-4?（分数：2.00）A.Apple is against the court“s order.B.Apple claim

20、s it“s fighting for most people“s benefits.C.Apple thinks it does matter to protect the data from any government intruder.D.Apple has got support from the court and the public.(4).The reasons for Apple to protect these data exclude _.（分数：2.00）A.its business depends on these dataB.it“s fatal to unloc

21、k these data for AppleC.every government wants to get these dataD.the unlock of these data will bring Apple into a dilemma(5).According to the text, which side will win the fight?（分数：2.00）A.Tech companies.B.The United States government.C.It“s not clear.D.There is no winner.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If

22、 you watched a certain swimmer“s Rio Games debut on Sunday night, when he propelled the United States 4l00-meter relay team to a gold medal, you know the answer: Michael Phelps. While it may look like the athletes have been in a bar fight, the purple dots actually are signs of “cupping,“ an ancient

23、Chinese healing practice that is experiencing an Olympic moment. In cupping, practitioners of the healing techniqueor sometimes the athletes themselves place specialized cups on the skin. Then they use either heat or an air pump to create suction between the cup and the skin, pulling the skin slight

24、ly up and away from the underlying muscles. The suction typically lasts for only a few minutes, but it“s enough time to cause the capillaries just beneath the surface to rupture, creating the circular, eye-catching bruises that have been so visible on Phelps as well as members of the United States m

25、en“s gymnastics team. Physiologically, cupping is thought to draw blood to the affected area, reducing soreness and speeding healing of overworked muscles. Athletes who use it swear by it, saying it keeps them injury free and speeds recovery. Phelps posted an Instagram photo showing himself stretche

26、d on a table as his Olympic swimming teammate Allison Schmitt placed several cups along the back of his thighs. “Thanks for my cupping today!“ he wrote. While there“s no question that many athletes, coaches and trainers believe in the treatment, there“s not much science to determine whether cupping

27、offers a real physiological benefit or whether the athletes simply are enjoying a placebo effect. “A placebo effect is present in all treatments, and I am sure that it is substantial in the case of cupping as well,“ said Leonid Kalichman, a senior lecturer at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Is

28、rael. “A patient can feel the treatment and has marks after it, and this can contribute to a placebo effect.“ One 2012 study of 61 people with chronic neck pain compared cupping to a technique called progressive muscle relaxation, or PMR, during which a patient deliberately tenses his muscles and th

29、en focuses on relaxing them. About half the patients used cupping while the other half used PMR. Both patient groups reported similar reductions in pain after 12 weeks of treatment. Notably, the patients who had used cupping scored higher on measurements of well-being and felt less pain when pressur

30、e was applied to the area. Even so, the researchers noted that more study is needed to determine the potential benefits of cupping.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the passage that Michael Phelps _.（分数：2.00）A.is involved in a bar fightB.cups himselfC.is a member of US men“s 4100-meter relay teamD.and

31、 his swimming team members have the purple dots on their shoulders(2).In cupping, practitioners of the healing technique use the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.heatB.a cupC.a circleD.an air pump(3).Which of the following is NOT the effect of cupping mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Curing cold.B.L

32、ess soreness.C.Quick recovery.D.Avoiding getting injured.(4).It can be inferred that a placebo effect occurs simply because _.（分数：2.00）A.it has been proved by scienceB.patients have the expectation that it will be helpfulC.patients usually are athletes, coaches and trainersD.it has an evident physio

33、logical effect(5).From the study, we know that compared with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), cupping _.（分数：2.00）A.has more potential benefits for healthB.needs more time of treatmentC.is more popular among peopleD.is more effective for people with chronic neck pain六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When i

34、t comes to Barbie“s body, it will no longer be one size fits all. On Thursday, Mattel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic fashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in an assortment of skin tones, eye c

35、olors and hairstyles. The move is about more than just making Barbie look different. While Barbie was once Mattel“s powerhouse brand, sales have plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who play with toys other than dolls. “T

36、his is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned away from Barbie back to Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website. But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the popularity of the 57-year-old Bar

37、bie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in recent years. Executives have been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie“s in-store sales began picking up last year. The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys toward electronics and games in

38、recent years, as many parents and children have clamored for less gender-specific toys. Even Lego, the world“s top toymaker, has had to alter its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boys and girls. Faced with weakenin

39、g sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism that it was too slow to pick up on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to improve innovation. Barbie“s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy aisles. Parents and many health

40、 experts have complained that too many dolls, models and even clothing companies conform to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and have pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in their own body shapes. And some par

41、ents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes (a racecar for a son, a princess doll for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gender-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its children“s Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as opposed to for boys or girls.

42、Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half of all online sales, has banished gender distinctions for its toys.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.make Barbie look different in skin tones, eye colors and hai

43、rstylesB.cater to girls who do not look like Barbie and who play with other toysC.let a wider range of people who lose interest in Barbie like Barbie againD.let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie(2).What do some industry experts and academics think of Barbie

44、“s change?（分数：2.00）A.It“s too old for Barbie to vary its race and body shapes.B.The change of makeup may not make Barbie popular again.C.Barbie can not be in accordance with customer preferences.D.Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.(3).Which of the following can be

45、 inferred from Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Electronics and games tend to be less gender-specific.B.Lego will offer girls more career-oriented toys.C.Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.D.Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative approach.(4).According to the pas

46、sage, parents and many health experts _.（分数：2.00）A.complain that there are too many dolls and modelsB.think that an extremely thin body type is comfortableC.force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporationsD.hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes(5).The introduct

47、ion of Disney and Amazon helps to illustrate that _.（分数：2.00）A.they try to help kids build self-confidenceB.there is no basis for some parents“ concernsC.they reject the negative gender stereotypes from the startD.there are some clothes and toys that are less gender-specific in retail stores七、Text 4

48、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many of the tech industry“s biggest companies, like Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft, are jockeying to become the leader for artificial intelligence (A.I.). In the industry“s term, the companies are engaged in a “platform war.“ A platform, in technology, is essentially a piece of so

49、ftware that other companies build on and that consumers cannot do without. Become the platform and huge profits will follow. Microsoft dominated personal computers because its Windows software became the center of the consumer software world. Google has come to dominate the Internet through its ubiquitous search bar. If true believers in A.I. are correct that this long-promised technology is ready for the mainstream, the company that controls A.I. could steer the tech industry for years to come. “Whoever wins this race will dominate the n