【考研类试卷】MBA联考-英语(二)-24及答案解析.doc

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1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-24 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 1 author is

2、not known and will probably never be known. Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people“s 2 of the real author 3 their perception of the message. Also other people may want to 4 certain information about

3、themselves in order to achieve a more 5 evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been 6 that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 7 was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 8 of people, for example when repor

4、ting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases. Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and 9 personal information which is protected. In some 10 , for exam

5、ple confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially 11 to allow people to consult a priest, 12 seeing him face to face. The anonymity in 13 situations is however not always 100%. Ifa person tells a lawyer that he plans a 14 crime, some countries allow or even 15 that the lawyer te

6、ll the 16 . The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to 17 their feeling more than their real intention. Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as 18 that people

7、can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent 19 the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for 20 reasons.（分数：10.00）A.strangeB.ordinaryC.ridiculousD.fa

8、mousA.preconceptionB.worshipC.admirationD.discriminationA.colorB.destroyC.distinguishD.preferA.showB.concealC.cancelD.distainA.funnyB.unbiasedC.freshD.straightA.surprisingB.commonC.acknowledgedD.unbelievableA.religionB.beliefC.ideaD.synagogueA.possessionB.honorC.privacyD.reputationA.requireB.dispers

9、eC.revealD.getA.countriesB.filesC.regionsD.casesA.cleanedB.putC.designedD.automatedA.beforeB.afterC.withD.withoutA.confessionalB.churchC.otherD.privateA.casualB.seriousC.mediumD.temporaryA.begB.pleadC.appealD.requireA.policeB.confessorC.bossD.priestA.keepB.leakC.intensifyD.expressA.insultingB.import

10、antC.forgivableD.proudA.ofB.amongC.onD.withinA.unknownB.strikingC.obviousD.intimate二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A truly informed diner would choose a restaurant based on the quality of the menu and the chef“s experience. The discerning investor wo

11、uld decide which company to back after studying the business plan and meeting the founders. In reality, people often copy the choices of others. Diners pick the crowded restaurant over the empty one. Investors go with the company that already has multiple backers. Such bandwagon effects are not nece

12、ssarily irrational. Often, the buyer knows less about a product than the seller; the collective wisdom of the crowd can correct for such “ asymmetric information “. Scholars are now asking whether herd behavior also prevails in labor markets. To find out, Kory Kroft of the University of Toronto devi

13、sed an experiment in which they applied for 3,000 clerical, administrative, sales and customer-service jobs advertised online by submitting 12,000 fictitious CVs. The submissions were designed so that applicants with similar backgrounds, education and experience went for the same job. The only diffe

14、rence was how long the applicant had been jobless, a period that ranged from no time at all to as much as 36 months. They found that the odds of an applicant being called back by an employer declined steadily as the duration of unemployment rose, from 7.4% after one month without work down to 4-5% a

15、t the eight-month mark, where the call-back rate stabilized. These results, the authors say, cannot be because employers found some qualitative flaw in the longer-term unemployed that was hidden from outsiders, since the applicants were similar in other respects. Another explanation for long-term un

16、employmentthat people make less effort to find work as their time out of the labor force lengthensis also not applicable here. A third possibility is that employers equate lengthening unemployment with atrophying skills and thus falling productivity. But this should be true whether the economy is bo

17、oming or in recession. The decline in call-back rates was much more pronounced in cities with tight labour markets; call-back rates changed relatively little when higher unemployment prevailed locally. From this, the authors infer that employers are more likely to overlook a long period of unemploym

18、ent if overall economic conditions are stacked against candidates. These results strongly suggest that long-term unemployment is at least partly self-fulfilling. Like patrons who avoid restaurants purely because they are empty, employers were reluctant to hire someone other employers didn“t want.（分数

19、：10.00）(1).By saying “asymmetric information“ (Para. 1), what does the author mean?（分数：2.00）A.The collective wisdom is more than an individual“sB.The crowd may have more information of productC.The seller have more wisdom than the buyerD.The seller know more than the buyer of the product information

20、(2).Kory Kroft of the University of Toronto devised an experiment to _.（分数：2.00）A.figure out whether bandwagon behavior is also popular in labor marketsB.test the difference of applicants with similar backgrounds, education and experienceC.test the fictitious CVs for 3,000 clerical, administrative,

21、sales and customer-service jobsD.figure out how the bandwagon behavior affect the choice of employee(3).One reasonable explanation for the research results may be _.（分数：2.00）A.employers found some qualitative flaw in the longer-term unemployedB.people make less effort to find work as their unemploym

22、ent time lengthensC.lengthening unemployment is equated with falling productivityD.call-back rates declined clearly when higher unemployment prevailed(4).The research results convey the message that _.（分数：2.00）A.long-term unemployment has nothing with call-back ratesB.long-term unemployment is partl

23、y self-fulfillingC.patrons avoid restaurants purely because they are emptyD.employers were willing to hire someone other employers didn“t want(5).Generally speaking, the author“s attitude towards bandwagon behavior is _.（分数：2.00）A.indifferentB.criticalC.negativeD.favorable五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Usi

24、ng Facebook makes people sadder, at least according to some research. But just what is it about the social network that takes a hit on our mood? A study of the different ways of interacting with the site now offers an answer: Grazing on the content of other people“s idealized lives may make reality

25、painful. Scientists have long debated Facebook“s impact on users“ in-the-moment mood as well as their deeper satisfaction with life. Some studies have found that the site makes us happier; others, sadder. One of the problems is that most studies were cross-sectional, taking a snapshot of people at o

26、ne point of time. But that makes it difficult to separate our use of Facebook from the many other factors known to affect well-being, from overwork to romantic meltdowns. A 2013 study led by Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, sidestepped this problem by studying people“s use

27、of Facebook over time, surveying them about their well-being five times per day for 2 weeks. The conclusion was that the more you use Facebook, the sadder you get. That study generated an enormous amount of attention. But the results offered no clue to what it is about the social network, or how peo

28、ple are using it, that might have this negative effect. Since then, a collaboration of labs including Kross“s has tried to tease apart the mechanisms. The researchers performed an “intervention,“ using subjects“ personal Facebook accounts in specific ways. After all, interaction with Facebook consis

29、ts of a whole set of activities, from browsing photos and “liking“ websites to directly interacting with others through messages and comments. Last week, Kross shared a sneak preview of his team“s results. Their findings suggest that there is no effect on well-being if one “actively“ uses Facebook.

30、When subjects directly interacted with the social network by posting status updates, sharing content, and messaging others, their mood stayed the same over the course of a day. But the negative impact on well-being that Kross discovered in his 2013 study reappeared for individuals who were made to “

31、passively“ use the sitejust browsing through photographs of other people“s happy moments, reading people“s conversations, and not contributing anything. “Using Facebook is not bad for well-being per se,“ Kross concluded, but “grazing“ its content is. Possible reasons for this were bounced around by

32、the audience of psychologists. For example, one theory holds that people post idealized versions of themselves on Facebook, and comparing those to your own real-world life is toxic if you don“t take part in the online theater.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “Grazing“ (Para. 1) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.f

33、eedingB.digestingC.eatingD.scraping(2).What does the phrase “this problem“ in Paragraph 3 refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Most studies were typical and not generalB.Most studies made a detailed study of peopleC.It“s difficult to separate the use of social network from other factorsD.There are some other factors

34、 affecting well-being(3).Ethan Kross“s 2013 study failed to find（分数：2.00）A.how people use social networkB.whether people will get sad when they use FacebookC.what it is about Facebook that might have negative effectD.when people get sad during the use of Facebook(4).It can be inferred from the last

35、two paragraphs that（分数：2.00）A.well-being can be affected if one actively uses FacebookB.subjects“ mood changed when they messaged others through FacebookC.using Facebook is bad for well-being when people graze its contentD.it“s good for people to post their idealized lives on Facebook(5).Which of th

36、e following can best summarize the main idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Social network has negative impact on well-beingB.Facebook is bad for users“ in-the-moment moodC.Whether people can actively use social networkD.Whether Facebook will make you sad depends on how you use it六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Our

37、 culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one“s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, c

38、urling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift“ means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly

39、, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm“s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs an

40、d languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guide

41、d tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where En

42、glish is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those nativesusually the richerwho speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation“s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters. For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and

43、linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods. But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harr

44、is poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred that Americans being approached to

45、o closely by Middle Easterners would most probably _.（分数：2.00）A.stand stillB.jump asideC.step forwardD.draw back(2).The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their _.（分数：2.00）A.cultural self-centerednessB.casual mannersC.indifference towards foreign visitorsD.arrogance towards other

46、cultures(3).In countries other than their own most Americans _.（分数：2.00）A.are isolated by the local peopleB.are not well informed due to the language barrierC.tend to get along well with the nativesD.need interpreters in hotels and restaurants(4).According to the author, Americans“ cultural blindnes

47、s and linguistic ignorance will _.（分数：2.00）A.affect their image in the new eraB.cut themselves off from the outside worldC.limit their role in world affairsD.weaken the position of the US dollar(5).The author“s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is da

48、ngerous to ignore their foreign MendsB.it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC.it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD.it is time to get acquainted with other cultures七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Old stereotypes die hard. Picture a video-game player and you wil

49、l likely imagine a teenage boy, by himself, compulsively hammering away at a game involving rayguns and aliens that splatter when blasted. Ten years ago that might have borne some relation to reality. But today a gamer is as likely to be a middle-aged commuter playing “Angry Birds“ on her smartphone. In America, the biggest market, the average game-player is 37 years old. Two-fifths are female. Over the past ten years the video-game industry has grown from a small business to a huge, mainstream one. With global sales of $56 billion in 201