【学历类职业资格】自考英语(二)模拟试卷40及答案解析.doc
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1、自考英语(二)模拟试卷 40 及答案解析(总分:102.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、阅读判断(总题数:1,分数:20.00)They Say Irelands the Best Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005 , according to a life quality ranking (排名) that appeared in Britain s Economist magazine last week. The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels aro
2、und the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability Job security, gender (性别) equality as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family
3、 and community life“. Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion(拥挤) , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8. 33 points out of 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8. 07. Zimbabwe troubled by politica
4、l insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest (最差的) ,picking up only 3. 89 points. “Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,“ the report said, “some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values i
5、n part take away from a positive impact.“ “Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life. “ The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforw
6、ard thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics. No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain. The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and fam
7、ily breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.(分数:20.00)(1).For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.(分数:2.00)A.Tr
8、ueB.FalseC.Not Given(2).Level of education is a measure of life quality.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(3).Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(4).Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(5).Breakdown in family values does not af
9、fect the happiness level.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(6).Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(7).Modernization does not necessarily contribute to high quality of life.(分数:2.
10、00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(8).Many people criticize the magazine s survey on life quality.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(9).To measure life quality is easy.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given(10).The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.(分数:2.00)A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择(总题数
11、:1,分数:10.00)Skyscrapers and Environment In the late 1960s, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportat
12、ion and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowattsenough to supply the entire c
13、ity of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall (砌筑墙) filled with insulation board (隔热板) . To lessen the strain on heating and air-condi
14、tioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring bu
15、ildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a citys sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2. 25 million gallons of raw sewage each yearas much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more
16、than 109,000.(分数:10.00)(1).The main purpose of the passage is to_.(分数:2.00)A.discuss the advantages and disadvantages of skyscrapersB.compare skyscrapers with other modern structuresC.describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environmentD.illustrate various architectural designs of skyscrapers(2)
17、.According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have mirrored walls?(分数:2.00)A.The exterior surrounding air is heated.B.The building materials are very expensive.C.Construction time is increased.D.Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.(3).According to the passage, which
18、aspect of skyscrapers were some residents of North America concerned with in the late 1960s?(分数:2.00)A.The poor reception of radio and TV signals.B.The removal of trees and grass from building sites.C.The harmful effects on the citys plans.D.The obstruction of air traffic.(4).Which of the following
19、groups would the skyscraper issue most concern?(分数:2.00)A.Electricians.B.Environmentalists.C.City planners.D.Television viewers.(5).Which of the following is true according to the passage?(分数:2.00)A.Skyscrapers provide more usable space than other buildings.B.The skyscrapers first appeared in the la
20、te 1960s.C.Where there are skyscrapers, television reception is poor.D.The two World Trade Center towers are skyscrapers.三、概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数:2,分数:20.00)Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.
21、 According to a computer simulation (模拟), black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored bl
22、ack carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface
23、. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,“ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soot s effect on snow albedo (反照率) (solar energy reflected back to space) , which may be co
24、ntributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. “ Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back
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