2016年天津商业大学804语言学及翻译考研真题.pdf
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1、 天津商业大学 2016 年研究生入学考试试题 专业:外国语言学及应用语言学 课程名称:语言学及翻译( 804) 共 3 页 第 1 页 说明:答案标明题号写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上的无效。 Part A Linguistics (100 points) I. Studying linguistics, we have come across a lot of technical terms, some of which are listed below. Please write out the most acceptable definitions for each of them. (1
2、0 points) a) linguistics; b) language; c) morphology: d) duality; e) cultural transmission: f) phoneme; g) syntax; h) synonyms; i) pragmatics; j) speech community II. Studying linguistics we have been acquainted with many linguists, five of whom are listed below. Write out a phrase that may best rep
3、resent their contributions to linguistics. ( 10 points) a) Ferdinand de Saussure; b) Noam Chomsky; c) M. A. K. Halliday d) H. P. Grice; e) Leonard Bloomfield III. Linguistics as a specified discipline has its own technical ways of operation. Try to fill the blanks to demonstrate your technical sense
4、 of linguistics. (15 points) 1. Please give the corresponding sound segments according to the descriptions: voiced bilabial stop: a)_; alveolar nasal: b)_ Voiceless labiodental fricative: c)_ 2. A morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a d)_ morpheme, whereas a morpheme that must be attach
5、ed to another one is a e)_ morpheme. The plural -s in “ books” , for example, is a f)_ morpheme. 3. Words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms. Oppositeness can be found on different dimensions and different kinds of antonyms have been recognized by linguists. For example, “ hot” and “ cold” ar
6、e recognized as g)_ antonyms, “ male” and “ female” as h)_ antonyms and teacher and pupil as i)_ opposites. 4. There are 4 maxims in Cooperative Principle, namely, the maxim of quantity, the maxim of j)_, the maxim of k)_, and the maxim of l)_. 5. What function does language perform? Three main func
7、tions are often recognized: the m)_ function, the n)_function and the o) _ function. III. To be a student of linguistics, it is important to develop a sense of critical thinking. Please answer the following questions to demonstrate your critical potentials. (35 points) 1. Prescriptive and descriptiv
8、e approaches represent two different types of linguistic study. What is the significance of this distinction? 2. The distinction between langue and parole was made in the early 20th century. Why was this distinction made? 3. The classic semantic triangle was suggested by Ogden and Richards to explai
9、n the relationship between words and things. What is the shortcoming of this triangle? 4. First consider the following situation: A: Shall we go to the party tonight? B: Well, I have to prepare for the coming exam. Then answer the question: what implicature can you get from B s utterance? 5. First r
10、ead the following newspaper report: The main factor for the success of Toyota, the number-one company for customer service, is not only its products. Toyota provides the products that customers most want to buy, and designs models that meet people s changing priorities. In particular, it has respond
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- 2016 天津 商业 大学 804 语言学 翻译 考研 PDF