ISO 18893-2014 Mobile elevating work platforms - Safety principles inspection maintenance and operation《移动式升降工作平台 安全原则 检验 维护和运行》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2014 Mobile elevating work platforms Safety principles, inspection, maintenance and operation Plates-formes lvatrices mobiles de personnel Principes de scurit, inspection, entretien, mise en oeuvre et utilisation INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18893 Second edition 2014-04-15 Reference number ISO 18

2、893:2014(E) ISO 18893:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or po

3、sting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail cop

4、yrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 18893:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 General requirements . 2 4.1 Basic principles. 2 4.2 System of work 3 4.3 Manuals (ha

5、ndbooks) . 3 4.4 Record retention 4 4.5 Modifications 4 5 Maintenance 4 5.1 Preventive maintenance . 4 5.2 Maintenance inspections 4 5.3 Maintenance personnel training 6 5.4 Maintenance and repair safety precautions 6 5.5 Replacement parts . 7 5.6 Manufacturers safety bulletins 7 6 Operation . 7 6.1

6、 Planning 7 6.2 Operator training 9 6.3 Familiarization 9 6.4 Assistance to operators . 9 6.5 Before operation 9 6.6 Work place inspection .10 6.7 Understanding of hazardous locations .10 6.8 Specific requirements of operation 10 Annex A (informative) Pictograms of MEWP misuse 18 Bibliography .24 IS

7、O 18893:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subje

8、ct for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC

9、) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be n

10、oted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifyi

11、ng any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience

12、 of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Sup

13、plementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 214, Elevating work platforms. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18893:2004), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 18893:2014(E) Introduction This Internationa

14、l Standard is one of a series of standards produced by ISO/TC 214 as part of its program of work regarding standardization of terminology, ratings, general principles (technical performance requirements and risk assessment), safety requirements, test methods, maintenance, and operation for elevating

15、 work platforms used to raise (elevate) and position personnel (and related work tools and materials). Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) are machines/devices which provide protection from falling when working at height. The entities with responsibilities related to safe use of a MEWP are estab

16、lished by law in some countries. This International Standard provides guidance in the identification of those responsible. The responsibility for safe operation of a MEWP lies with employers, managers, supervisors, operators, and others using these machines/devices. This International Standard provi

17、des requirements so that appropriate MEWPs are selected for use and positioned, used, maintained, and examined for safe use. The safe operation of a MEWP requires the use of competent authorized persons and trained operators (see ISO 18878). ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Mobile elevating work platf

18、orms Safety principles, inspection, maintenance and operation 1 Scope This International Standard applies to all mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) that are intended to position persons, tools and materials and which, as a minimum, consists of a work platform with controls, an extending structu

19、re and a chassis. The technical safety requirements of this International Standard apply except where national or local regulations are more stringent. For related information, see ISO 16368. This International Standard applies to MEWPs to achieve the following objectives: a) prevention of personal

20、injuries, property damage, and accidents; b) establishment of criteria for inspection, maintenance, and operation. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only th

21、e edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 16368, Mobile elevating work platforms Design, calculations, safety requirements and test methods ISO 18878, Mobile elevating work platforms Operator (driver) traini

22、ng IEC/TS 61813, Live working Care, maintenance and in-service testing of aerial devices with insulating booms 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16368 and ISO 18878 and the following apply. 3.1 authorized person person approved or as

23、signed to perform a specific type of duty or duties at a specific location or locations at a work site 3.2 c on f i g u r at ion all positions in which a MEWP, chassis, extending structure, or work platform can be placed within intended operating limits, including creating variable rated loads 3.3 w

24、orking envelope space in which a work platform is designed to work within the specified loads and forces, under normal operation conditions Note 1 to entry: A MEWP can have more than one working envelope. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 18893:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 18893:2014(E) 3.4

25、delivery transfer of custody, care, and control of a MEWP from a person or entity to another person or entity 3.5 maintenance act of upkeep such as inspection, lubrication, refuelling, cleaning, adjustment, and scheduled parts replacement 3.6 mo d i f ic at ion change(s) or addition(s) to a MEWP as

26、originally manufactured which affects the operation, stability, safety factors, rated load, or safety of the MEWP 3.7 operation performance of functions of a MEWP within the scope of its specifications and in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, work rules, and applicable governmental reg

27、ulations 3.8 operator person who controls the operation of a MEWP 3.9 repair act of restoring to good condition that which has been broken, damaged, or worn due to use, abuse, or other reasons 3.10 q u a l i f i e d p e r s o n person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or profes

28、sional standing, or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project 3.11 safety-related bulletin publication from the manufacturer of a MEWP that requires attention to

29、 ensure safe operation of the MEWP 3.12 stable condition wherein the MEWP does not overturn, described technically as the condition in which the sum of the moments acting to overturn a MEWP is less than the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning 4 General requirements 4.1 Basic principles

30、The information in this International Standard shall be supplemented by good job management, safety control, and the application of sound principles of safety, training, inspection, maintenance, repair, application, and operation. All data available regarding the parameters of intended use and expec

31、ted environment shall be considered. Those with direct control over the application and operation of MEWPs shall be responsible for the conformance with good safety practices. Decisions on the use and operation of the MEWPs shall always be made with due consideration for the fact that the machine wi

32、ll be carrying persons whose safety is dependent on those decisions as well as others in the operating vicinity. The operation of any MEWP is subject to certain hazards that can be protected against only by the exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense and not by any device. It is essential t

33、o have qualified, 2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 18893:2014(E) careful persons trained (see ISO 18878) in the intended use, safe operation, maintenance, and service of this type of equipment. The operation of any MEWP used for working on energized conductors shall conform to the requirements of

34、this International Standard and the requirements of IEC/TS 61813. It is an essential requirement that: a) the selection, positioning, operation, maintenance, and frequent and annual inspections of a MEWP are properly planned, appropriately supervised, and carried out in a safe manner; b) having iden

35、tified the hazards associated with the use of a MEWP, the qualified person evaluates the risks associated with these hazards and puts appropriate control measures in place as identified during the evaluation; c) all MEWP operators be trained in accordance with ISO 18878; d) all MEWP maintenance work

36、 be performed by a qualified person; and e) all MEWP repair work shall be performed by a qualified person. 4.2 System of work The system of work shall be created by the employer or user and shall include the following: a) planning of the operation, including procedures for the recovery of persons an

37、d/or the machine in the event of an emergency (see 6.1.2.8); b) selection, provision, and use of a suitable MEWP and work equipment associated with it; c) preparation and maintenance of the site, as required, for use of the MEWP; d) MEWP maintenance, including inspection(s) and repairs as recommende

38、d by the manufacturer; e) properly trained personnel authorized to operate the MEWP; f) prior to the start of work, familiarization of the MEWP operator with the specific machine to be used, including any local site requirements, warning of the hazards in the areas where the MEWP will be operated; g

39、) monitoring of the performance and supervision of the work of the operator to ensure compliance with provisions of this International Standard; h) prevention of unauthorized use of the MEWP; i) safety of persons not involved in the operation of the MEWP; and j) documentation of activities required

40、by this International Standard. 4.3 Manuals (handbooks) The manufacturers information which is intended to be readily available and which is necessary for the operation and daily inspection/maintenance of the MEWP shall be provided with each rental, lease, or sale delivery. The manufacturers mainten

41、ance information shall be made available for use by trained personnel of the entity responsible for maintaining the MEWP. The user/employer shall make sure that the operator is capable of reading and understanding the manuals (handbooks) provided by the manufacturer. In case the manufacturer no long

42、er exists, and the manufacturers manuals (handbooks) are not available from other sources, the replacement manuals (handbooks) shall be provided by a qualified person. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 18893:2014(E) 4.4 Record retention The following records shall be created and retained by the ent

43、ity responsible (owner) for each MEWP. All records included under items b) and c) below shall be transferred to the new owner of the MEWP in conjunction with delivery. a) Name and address of each owner of a MEWP by serial number and date of delivery shall be retained for a minimum of three years aft

44、er the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed from service. b) Written records of the pre-delivery, frequent, and annual inspections on the MEWP shall include the date of inspection, deficiencies found, corrective action accomplished, and identification of the person(s) performing

45、 the inspection. These records shall be retained for a minimum of three years after the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed from service. c) Written records of all repairs, manufacturer recalls, upgrades, and approved modifications accomplished on the MEWP shall include the dat

46、e work is completed, a description of the work accomplished, and identification of the person(s) performing the repair. These records shall be retained for a minimum of three years after the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed from service. 4.5 Modifications Modifications, addi

47、tions, or alterations to a MEWP, or the fabrication or attaching of any framework or mounting of any attachments for holding tools or materials onto the platform or the guardrail system shall be made only with prior written permission of the manufacturer. In case the manufacturer no longer exists, m

48、odifications to MEWP shall be made in accordance with the instructions from a qualified person. NOTE CE-approved MEWPs that have been modified might require re-certification. 5 Maintenance 5.1 Preventive maintenance A preventive maintenance programme shall be established in accordance with the manuf

49、acturers recommendations. The preventive maintenance programme shall be increased based on the environment and severity of use of the MEWP. The manufacturers recommendations shall be the minimum requirements. The preventive maintenance programme shall include the frequent and annual inspections as defined in this International Standard. All malfunctions identified shall be corrected before the MEWP is placed or returned to service. 5.2 Maintenance inspections 5.2.1 General The MEWP shall have maintenance inspections as required to ensure