ISO 15165-2001 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics advanced technical ceramics) - Classification system《精细陶瓷（先进陶瓷、先进技术陶瓷） 分类体系》.pdf

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1、Reference number ISO 15165:2001(E) ISO 2001 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15165 First edition 2001-10-15 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Classification system Cramiques techniques Systme de classificationISO 15165:2001(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded

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4、optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2001 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified

5、, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case p

6、ostale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2001 All rights reservedISO 15165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms

7、and definitions .2 4 Objectives.2 5 Individual classification fields3 6 Construction of a complete classification code.13 Annex A (normative) Application classification field15 Annex B (normative) Chemical character descriptor field35 Annex C (informative) Processing classification field 60 Annex D

8、(normative) Property data classification field 65 Annex E (informative) Bibliography to annex D.74 Bibliography79ISO 15165:2001(E) iv ISO 2001 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodi

9、es). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and

10、non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, P

11、art 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of

12、 this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 15165 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. Annexes A, B and D form a normative part of this Internat

13、ional Standard. Annexes C and E are for information only.ISO 15165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved v Introduction The detail of the classification system has been developed by international collaboration under the auspices of VAMAS Technical Working Area 14, and with support from the Commission

14、 of the European Communities, ASTM Institute of Standards Research and the Japan Fine Ceramics Association. Its construction has followed an international survey of requirements amongst manufacturing and user industries 1 , discussions at an international workshop at Ispra, Italy, June 1990 2 , a co

15、nsultants study 3 , and a final report of the work of VAMAS TWA14 4 . The use of this International Standard has been reviewed by VAMAS TWA14 in an international project to test and demonstrate it. Based on the findings of this work, modifications agreed by VAMAS have been made to the original VAMAS

16、 Report 4 .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 1 Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Classification system 1 Scope This International Standard describes a system by which fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) (see

17、clause 3) may be classified. The system has been devised to cover all types of fine ceramics in the form of inorganic precursors for ceramic powder production, powders, granular forms, fibres, whiskers, platelets, single crystals, consolidated polycrystalline ceramics, amorphous (glassy) and composi

18、te materials and components in block, thin film and coating forms. The structure of the classification is coded to be machine readable. The classification system does not cover: a) elemental carbon, except for specific ceramic forms such as diamond, vitreous carbon or chemical vapour deposited (CVD)

19、 graphite; b) elemental silicon, elemental germanium and other elemental or compound semi-metallic substances other than when they form an integral component of or precoursor for fine ceramics; c) traditional ceramics based on clay, including: 1) whitewares (e.g. tableware and fine porcelain); 2) sa

20、nitary wares; 3) floor and wall tiles; 4) building ceramics (e.g. bricks and pipes); d) unshaped and shaped refractories for tonnage applications. This International Standard does not specifically cover hardmetal (cemented carbide) products, or products which are mainly glassy, but the system can, i

21、n principle, be extended to cover such products. Its mode of use will be determined by the objective behind its use. It is not the purpose of this International Standard to define how the system shall be used, but examples are given of how it might be used. The user is able to define the coding comb

22、ination and the level of detail to suit a particular purpose. This International Standard provides only a flexible framework and a recommended international coding system within which this might be done. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through refer

23、ence in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of apply

24、ing the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60672-2, Ceramic and glass insulating materials

25、 Part 2: Methods of test IEC 60672-3, Ceramic and glass insulating materials Part 3: Specifications for individual materialsISO 15165:2001(E) 2 ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fine ce

26、ramic (advanced ceramic, advanced technical ceramic) highly engineered, high-performance, predominantly non-metallic, inorganic, ceramic material having specific functional attributes NOTE Other terms which in whole or in part cover the scope of the above expression are in common use. The above term

27、 is the preferred one in all circumstances. 3.2 classification field set of categories related to one independent aspect or feature of the classification 3.3 classification element single category in a classification field 3.4 code alphanumeric string with a prescribed definition in terms of materia

28、l attributes 3.5 coding element part of the alphanumeric code from one classification field 4 Objectives This International Standard provides a framework wherein fine ceramic (advanced ceramic, advanced technical ceramic) products and materials can be classified for a variety of purposes including c

29、ommercial statistics, market surveys, materials identification, coding and data bases. The present range of products that is encompassed by the term “fine ceramics” or its synonyms “advanced ceramics” or “advanced technical ceramics”, or others, is enormous in breadth and complex in chemical charact

30、er, form and property attributes. Normally there are close interlinks between these factors. It has therefore been impossible to devise a single hierarchical system, such as that used in IEC 60672-3 for electrotechnical ceramics for insulators or that in the Harmonised Commodity Description and Codi

31、ng System for goods or derivatives thereof. The system developed and incorporated into this International Standard is novel in many respects in order to encompass all foreseen requirements and purposes, and all raw and manufactured materials and applications, i.e. it has great flexibility. For these

32、 purposes, an adequate classification of the diversity of materials and products in various stages of manufacture may require the linking of chemical composition, form, processing method, material properties and applications in any required combination. The system described in this International Sta

33、ndard has the capability of classifying fine (advanced, advanced technical) ceramics by any combination of these fields in any sequence for any desired purpose. The fields are described individually in the following sections. Annexes A, B, C and D provide a coding method for each classification fiel

34、d of the system. The user should select from the classification fields those relevant to his requirement, and place these in an order prescribed for the particular purpose. Some possible combinations are described in clause 6.ISO 15165:2001(E) ISO 2001 All rights reserved 3 5 Individual classificati

35、on fields 5.1 Introduction Since the intention is to provide a means of classifying any combination of fields in any sequence appropriate to user needs, each field is separately identified by a unique initial letter code: A = application C = chemical character P = processing methods D = property cha

36、racteristic or data The form of the product is closely related to chemical character and is incorporated into the chemistry code. If appropriate, additional classification fields may be added in the same way. In each case these should be identifiable in a coding string by a unique initial letter cod

37、e. For the purposes of computer recognition, a strict sequence of classification elements is not required, but for other purposes, such as manual preparation of trade statistics or material specifications, the sequence of classification elements should be chosen and fixed as preferred. In the follow

38、ing description of code structures, the variable characters used in the code are: X = any appropriate single capital letter coding character n = any appropriate single numeric coding character 5.2 Classification field for application type The initial character to denote the start of the “Application

39、” string is “A”. This is followed by a three-digit number code as listed in annex A for the application areas. In the list, applications are initially separated into a hierarchical series of areas by the principal functions of the product as defined by: electrical insulation, i.e. insulators for a w

40、ide variety of purposes; electronic/ionic conduction, i.e. electronic or ionic conductors for heating or functional purposes; mechanical functions, including wear, at or near room temperature; thermal and thermomechanical functions, where dimensional stability at raised temperature, heat insulation,

41、 heat conduction or resistance to thermal shock are the principal functions, and where additionally mechanical loads may be applied; nuclear functions, where the component plays either an active or a passive nuclear role; optical functions, where the component plays a functional role as an optical e

42、lement in reflection, refraction, transmission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation; chemical functions, including biomedical, where the component is employed for handling melts, chemicals, solutions or atmospheres because of its resistance to attack by them and, in the case of biomedical mate

43、rials, a degree of bio-compatibility; magnetic functions, where the component possesses properties allowing a functional magnetic role; powder functions, where the fine ceramic is supplied in powder or granule form for use as such.ISO 15165:2001(E) 4 ISO 2001 All rights reserved The first digit of t

44、he three-digit code is given as above by the principal physical function. The subsequent digits are non- hierarchical, and follow the listing given in annex A. To aid the identification of codes, an alphabetical index is also given. Figure 1 shows a flow diagram for the selection of application code

45、s. It may not always be possible to assign a particular product to one of the listed codes. In such a case, the code representing “Other functions” shall be employed, either within each of the above areas as appropriate, or failing this under codes 980-999. If the product needs to be classified as h

46、aving a general applicability to a range of unspecified applications, the general “unspecified” code (generally of form An00, except A400, but including A950) at the beginning of each group shall be used. EXAMPLES Resistor cores code A144 Wear resisting pads for slideways code A326 Rubber dipping fo

47、rmers code A820 5.3 Classification field for chemical character 5.3.1 The initial identifier indicating “chemical character” is “C”. Because the chemical character of fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) can be complex, a flexible method of classification has been devised.

48、The one or two alphabetical characters that follow the initial “C” indicate the form in which the chemical species exists (precursor, powder, solid ceramic, etc.). The following alphanumeric string indicates the species and, optionally, the amount of it present, the relationship of a second species

49、to the first (e.g. physical or chemical admixture), etc. Details of the categories, their code letters and their uses are given in annex B. Two formats of this string are given: a short format, intended for broad description of chemical character of common types of powder or ceramic material; a long format, when more detailed chemical information is required, such as the individual chemical components present and optionally their mass fractions. 5.3.2 The choice of whether to use the short-format