ISO 1134-1993 Pears cold storage《梨 冷藏》.pdf
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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1134 Second edition 1993-1 O-I 5 Pears - Cold storage Poires - En treposage r6frigM Reference number ISO 1134:1993(E) ISO 1134:1993(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodie
2、s). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations? governmental and n
3、on-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodie
4、s for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 1134 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 34, AgriculturaI food products, Sub-Committee SC 14, Fresh fruits and vegetables. This second edit
5、ion cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1134:1980), which has been technically revised. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only. 0 ISO 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie o
6、r mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per- mission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case Postale 56 l CH-l Zl 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 1134:1993(E) Introduction This International Standard provides guid
7、ance of a very general nature only. Because of the variability of the fruit according to the time and place of cultivation, local circumstances may make it necessary to specify other conditions of harvesting or other physical conditions in the store. This International Standard does not apply unrese
8、rvedly, therefore, to all varieties in all climates, and each specialist will decide on any modifi- cations to be made. Moreover, it does not take into account the role played by horticultural factors, and wastage during storage is not dealt with. The importante of these two subjects has not been fo
9、rgotten, but the influential factors (i.e. ecological or agrotechnical factors) are not very well known; moreover, the origin of many of the most frequent physiological disorders of pears is still uncertain, as are often the appropriate means of combating them. lt was therefore considered difficult
10、to prepare recommendations on these two Points. Nevertheless, it was considered useful to give, in annex B, a few rec- ommendations which appear sufficiently well founded in the present state of knowledge. Subject to all possible restrictions arising from the fact that fruits are living material and
11、 may vary considerably, the application of the guidance con- tained in this International Standard should enable much wastage in cold storage to be avoided and long-term storage to be achieved in most cases. . . . Ill This page intentionally left blank INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1134:1993(E) Pears -
12、 Cold storage 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on con- ditions for the successful cold storage of varieties of pears (Pyrus communis Linnaeus) up to their use in the fresh state. 2 Normative references The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text
13、, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most re- cent e
14、ditions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. ISO 2169:1981, Fruits and vegetables - Physical conditions in cold stores - Definitions and measure- ment. AGRI/WP.l/EUR.STAN.l, Apples and pears? 3 Conditions for harves
15、ting and storage 3.1 Harvesting The practical criteria of ripeness most frequently used for defining the best time for harvesting2) are the fol- lowing. a) Basic colour of the outer skin:3) judged with the aid of a Standard table. b) Firmness of the flesh: estimated by means of a spring penetrometer
16、. c) The total soluble solids content of the fruit, which should be at least 10 % at harvest: determined by a refractometer. d) Ease of Separation. e) Presence of starch in the flesh of the fruits: checked by treating a Cross-section of the fruit with an iodine/potassium iodide Solution. The values
17、obtained from these criteria are not uni- versally valid; for a given variety they vary from one region to another and it is for the grower to decide on his own criteria for picking, on the basis of experi- ence. Determination of the Optimum harvest time is more important for early varieties (for ex
18、ample, Coscia) than for late varieties. The fixing of the time of harvesting has greater im- portance for controlled-atmosphere storage than for storage in air. 3.2 Characteristics for storage Fruit put into store should be of quality “extra” and II II I , the characteristics of which are defined in
19、 AGRI/WP.l/EUR.STAN.l. Fruit put into cold store should be Sound, free from bruises or physiological disorders, and free from any visible sign of fungal or bacterial attack. lt should be clean and free from any trace of water in the liquid state. 1) Revised European Standard, recommended by the Work
20、ing Party on Standardization of Perishable Produce and Quality Development of the Economic Commission for Europe. 2) The number of days after flowering is also used sometimes as a criterion for harvesting. 3) The basic colour should be distinguished from the red anthocyanin Pigmentation, the intensi
21、ty and extent of which vary according to the variety and, to some extent, with exposure to sunlight. ISO 1134:1993(E) 3.3 Putting into store The fruit should be put into the cold store as soon as possible after harvesting, the temperature being low- ered to a value suitable for the variety. Rapid re
22、moval of field heat and precooling of har- vested pears are essential for long storage. 3.4 Method of storage The fruit should be handled with care. The packages should allow free circulation of air. Storage densities of about 250 kg per cubic metre of usable space are recommended for a Stack of pal
23、lets. The use of box pallets provides an increase of 10 % to 20 % in storage density. 4 Optimum storage conditions 4.1 Temperature The pears should be kept at as low a temperature as possible, subject only to avoiding the risk of freezing. In general, the best results are obtained at - 1 “C to + 0,5
24、 “C. A differente of 1 “C in storage temperature has a profound effect on the time for which the pears tan be kept. lt has been shown that, during cold storage, the freezing-Point of the fruit falls slightly; it is on this account that, for Williams Bon Chretien pears, it has been possible to recomm
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- ISO11341993PEARSCOLDSTORAGE 冷藏 PDF