IEEE C95 2-1999 en Radio-Frequency Energy and Current-Flow Symbols《射频能量和电流的符号》.pdf

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1、The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 1999 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 30 December 1999. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark i

2、n the U.S. Patent (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopyportions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copy-right Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject matter c

3、overed by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights inconnection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents forwhich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inqu

4、iries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C95.2-1999, IEEE Standards for Radio-Frequency Energy and Current-FlowSymbols.)In 1960, the American Standards A

5、ssociation approved the initiation of the Radiation Hazards Standardsproject under the co-sponsorship of the Department of the Navy and the Institute of Electrical and Electron-ics Engineers.Prior to 1988, C95 standards were developed by an Accredited Standards Committee and submitted to ANSIfor app

6、roval and issuance as ANSI C95 standards. Between 1988 and 1990, the committee was converted toStandards Coordinating Committee 28 (SCC28) under the sponsorship of the IEEE Standards Board. Inaccordance with policies of the IEEE, C95 standards will be issued and developed as IEEE standards, aswell a

7、s being submitted to ANSI for recognition.The present scope of IEEE SCC28 is:“Development of standards for the safe use of electromagnetic energy in the range of 0 Hz to 300 GHz rela-tive to the potential hazards of exposure of man, volatile materials, and explosive devices to such energy. Itis not

8、intended to include infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or ionizing radiation. The committee will coordinatewith other committees whose scopes are contiguous with SCC28.”The IEEE SCC28 is responsible for this standard. There are five subcommittees concerned withI Techniques, Procedures, and Instrumentat

9、ionII Terminology, Units of Measurements, and Hazard CommunicationIII Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure, 03 kHzIV Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure, 3 kHz300 GHzV Safety Levels with Respect to Electro-Explosive DevicesTwo standards, two guides, and one recommended practice have

10、 been issued. Current versions areIEEE Std C95.1, 1999 Edition, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to RadioFrequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz (incorporating IEEE Std C95.1-1991 andIEEE Std C95.1a-1998).ANSI C95.2-1982 (Reaff 1988), American National Standa

11、rd Radio Frequency Radiation Hazard WarningSymbol.IEEE Std C95.3-1991 (Reaff 1997), IEEE Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Potentially Haz-ardous Electromagnetic FieldsRF and Microwave. (Replaces ANSI C95.3-1973 and ANSI C95.5-1981.)ANSI C95.3-1973 (Reaff 1979), American National Standard

12、Techniques and Instrumentation for the Mea-surement of Potentially Hazardous Electromagnetic FieldsRF and Microwave.ANSI C95.5-1981, American National Standard Recommended Practice for the Measurement of HazardousElectromagnetic FieldsRF and Microwave.IEEE Std 1460-1996, IEEE Guide for the Measureme

13、nt of Quasi-Static Magnetic and Electric Fields.ANSI C95.4-1971, American National Standard Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio-Frequency Radia-tion Hazards in the Use of Electric Blasting Caps.ivCopyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsIEEE Std C95.2-1999 was prepared by Subcommitt

14、ee II on Terminology, Units of Measurements, and Haz-ard Communication of IEEE SCC28. The following persons participated in the Subcommittee II WorkingGroup that approved this standard:Richard A. Tell, ChairJohn A. Leonowich,SecretaryThe following members of IEEE SCC28 were on the balloting committe

15、e that voted on IEEE Std C95.2-1999for submission to the IEEE-SA Standards Board:John M. Osepchuk, ChairEleanor R. Adair,Vice ChairRonald C. Petersen,SecretaryThe following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard:Eleanor R. AdairE. AslanQuirino BalzanoD. BaronJ. BushbergC. K. ChouJ

16、ules CohenRobert A. CurtisJ. DAndreaJohn DeFrankL. ErdreichD. EricksenA. Fahy-ElwoodW. Arthur GuyD. HaesW. HammerE. HareJames B. HatfieldLouis N. HeynickKen JoynerB. Jon KlauenbergGeorge M. MarmaroStewart MaurerS. McMahanR. NeedyR. OlsenJohn M. OsepchukRonald C. PetersenB. RobertsAsher R. SheppardMa

17、ys L. SwicordArthur G. VaranelliLouis A. WilliamsRobert YacovissiD. YoungMarvin C. ZiskinQuirino BalzanoCharles R. BufflerJ. BushbergStephen ChiusanoC. K. ChouJules CohenRobert A. CurtisJ. DAndreaJohn DeFrankDavid A. DiniL. DornettoL. ErdreichDavid N. ErwinStewart FastmanD. GeorgeM. GrandolfoW. Arth

18、ur GuyD. HadlockJames B. HatfieldLouis N. HeynickKen JoynerHarrison F. KerschnerB. Jon KlauenbergJohn A. LeonowichRobert P. LiburdyJames C. LinGeorge M. MarmaroStewart MaurerM. MeltzJ. OrrWilliam PaulB. RobertsErvin D. RootTerence RybakAsher R. SheppardMays L. SwicordRichard A. TellArthur G. Varanel

19、liJ. WeizeorickLouis A. WilliamsRobert YacovissiDonald W. ZipseMarvin C. ZiskinEleanor R. AdairQuirino BalzanoCharles R. BufflerStephen ChiusanoC. K. ChouJules CohenRobert A. CurtisJohn DeFrankDavid A. DiniDavid N. ErwinStewart FastmanW. Arthur GuyJames B. HatfieldLouis N. HeynickKen JoynerHarrison

20、F. KerschnerB. Jon KlauenbergJohn A. LeonowichRobert P. LiburdyJames C. LinGeorge M. MarmaroStewart MaurerJohn M. OsepchukWilliam PaulRonald C. PetersenErvin D. RootTerence RybakAsher R. SheppardMays L. SwicordRichard A. TellArthur G. VaranelliLouis A. WilliamsRobert YacovissiDonald W. ZipseMarvin C

21、. ZiskinCopyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.vWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 16 September 1999, it had the followingmembership:Richard J. Holleman,ChairDonald N. Heirman,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA

22、Standards Board liaison:Robert E. HebnerYvette Ho SangIEEE Standards Project EditorSatish K. AggarwalDennis BodsonMark D. BowmanJames T. CarloGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinJay Forster*Ruben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyE. G. “Al” KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*L. Bruce Mc

23、ClungDaleep C. MohlaRobert F. MunznerLouis-Franois PauRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoHans E. WeinrichDonald W. ZipseviCopyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview11.1 Scope11.2 General.12. References13. Definitions24. Description of symbols

24、34.1 Description of touch symbol34.2 Description of the RF electric current hazard advisory symbol 34.3 Description of the RF energy advisory symbol .45. Design and use of advisory signs.45.1 Colors.45.2 Use of symbols.45.3 Layout of signs.45.4 “DANGER” signs 65.5 “WARNING” signs65.6 “CAUTION” signs

25、.75.7 “NOTICE”signs .75.8 General safety signs .85.9 Guidance on text 85.10 Print font and case95.11 Print size.95.12 Line spacing.95.13 Placement of signs .96. Design and use of labels 106.1 Layout 106.2 Print font and case106.3 Reference to instruction manual 106.4 Label placement.117. Use of sign

26、s and labels to notify intended viewers of exposures and hazards.118. Signs and labels created using graphics applications 129. Unusual color requirements .1210. Use of other sign formats.1211. Conflicts with more recent standards.12Annex A (informative) Symbols suitable for scanning and original 1:

27、1 scale drawings 13Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Standard for Radio-Frequency Energy and Current-Flow Symbols1. Overview1.1 ScopeThis standard defines the design of symbols denoting the incidence of radio-frequency (RF) electromagneticenergy in the frequency range from 3 kHz to 300

28、 GHz. The standard also defines the use of these symbols insigns and labels intended to warn workers or the public of the presence of potentially hazardous levels of RFenergy and other hazards that may arise from RF energy, such as RF induced currents, shocks, or burns.Guidance on the application an

29、d placement of these signs in operational settings is not within the scope ofthis document.1.2 GeneralThe purpose of this revision is to be consistent with the ANSI Z535 series1 of standards addressing thedesign and use of environmental warning signs and labels, and IEEE Std C95.1, 1999 Edition. Thi

30、s standardaddresses environmental and facility safety signs, and product safety signs and labels where the symbolsspecified in this standard may be used. Accident prevention tags are not addressed here because accidentprevention tags used for protection against RF energy have no unique features. (Se

31、e ANSI Z535.5-1998 forguidance concerning accident prevention tags.) This standard provides a single reference source for thedesign of signs and labels for RF hazards.2. ReferencesThis standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the following publicationsare supersede

32、d by an approved revision, the revision shall apply. The safety level of RF energy with respectto personnel is contained in IEEE Std C95.1, 1999 Edition.ANSI Z535.1-1998, American National Standard for Safety Color Code.2ANSI Z535.2-1998, American National Standard for Environmental and Facility Saf

33、ety Signs.1Information on references can be found in Clause 2.2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor,New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).IEEEStd C95.2-1999 IEEE STANDARD FOR 2 Copyright 1999 IEEE. A

34、ll rights reserved.ANSI Z535.3-1998, American National Standard for Criteria for Safety Symbols.ANSI Z535.4-1998, American National Standard for Product Safety Signs and Labels.ANSI Z535.5-1998, American National Standard for Accident Prevention Tags (for Temporary Hazards).IEEE Std 100-1996, IEEE S

35、tandard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms.3IEEE Std C95.1, 1999 Edition, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to RadioFrequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.3. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

36、IEEE Std 100-1996 should bereferenced for terms not defined in this clause.3.1 hazardous levels of radio-frequency (RF) energy: Term used to describe incident RF energy that maybe biologically detrimental or may directly or indirectly cause ignition of explosive materials or vapors.3.2 radio-frequen

37、cy (RF) energy: Includes RF fields and radiation with frequencies between 3 kHz and300 GHz, and includes microwave frequencies.3.3 safety sign: A visual alerting device in the form of a sign, label, decal, placard, or other marking thatadvises the observer of the nature and degree of the potential h

38、azard(s), which can cause injury or death. Itcan also provide safety precautions or evasive actions to take, or provide other directions to eliminate orreduce the hazard.3.4 signal word: The word or words that designate a degree of safety alerting. The words shall always belocated in a distinctive p

39、anel located in the uppermost portion of a safety sign or label.3.5 symbol(s): The radio-frequency (RF) energy and/or the RF current advisory symbols.3.5.1 radio-frequency (RF) electric current hazard advisory symbol: Refers to the overall design andshape shown in Figure 1.3IEEE publications are ava

40、ilable from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/www.standards.ieee.org/).Figure 1RF electric current hazard advisory symbolIEEERADIO-FREQUENCY ENERGY AND CURRENT-FLOW SYMBOLS Std C95.2-1999Copyright 1999 IEEE. All

41、rights reserved. 33.5.2 radio-frequency (RF) energy advisory symbol: Refers to the overall design, and shape shown inFigure 2. This symbol is consistent with the symbol found in Section C4 of ANSI Z535.3-1998.3.5.3 touch symbol: Refers to the overall design and shape shown in Figure 3. This symbol i

42、s normallyshown under a red circle with bar to show the action (touching) is prohibited (see Figure 5).4. Description of symbols4.1 Description of touch symbolThe touch symbol, shown in Figure 3, shows a finger approaching a surface as if ready to touch. Whentouching is prohibited, the symbol is sho

43、wn under a circle with a diagonal bar (see Figure 5), consistent withANSI Z535.3-1998.4.2 Description of the RF electric current hazard advisory symbolThe RF electric current hazard advisory symbol, shown in Figure 1, is the downward pointed lightning boltnow used to warn people about lower frequenc

44、y shock hazards. This symbol is consistent withANSIZ535.3-1998.Figure 2RF energy advisory symbolFigure 3Touch symbolIEEEStd C95.2-1999 IEEE STANDARD FOR 4 Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.4.3 Description of the RF energy advisory symbolThe advisory symbol for identifying incident of RF energ

45、y consists of black wavefronts radiating from astylized point source antenna, as shown in Figure 2, and is consistent with ANSI Z535.3-1998.5. Design and use of advisory signs5.1 ColorsAdvisory signs shall comply with the color specifications of ANSI Z535.1-1998 and colors shall be used asspecified

46、in ANSI Z535.2-1998, summarized in 5.2 through 5.8, with examples of when different signsshould be used. Text and symbols shall be in colors that contrast strongly against the background color(s).5.2 Use of symbolsThese symbols should be used as a part of safety signs and labels that comply with the

47、 ANSI Z535 series ofstandards; safety signs that contain only words can be used although the use of symbols is encouraged. TheRF electric current hazard advisory and the RF energy advisory symbols, shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2,shall be enclosed in a triangle when used for warning purposes, as show

48、n in Figure 4. The touch symbol inFigure 3 shall be under a circle with bar when used to prohibit actions, as shown in Figure 5. The symbol andtriangle shall be black in accordance with ANSI Z535.2-1998. The apices of the triangles may be rounded.Figure 4Use of triangles to denote a potential hazard

49、Figure 5Use of circle and bar to show that an action is prohibitedIEEERADIO-FREQUENCY ENERGY AND CURRENT-FLOW SYMBOLS Std C95.2-1999Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved. 55.3 Layout of signsThe symbols shall be located in a discrete section of the sign as specified by ANSI Z535.2-1998 and as sum-marized in Figure 6. In 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, and 5.8, the design of the signal word portion of signs is defined.Formats A through G in Figure 6 are permissible for “DANGER”, “WARNING”, “CAUTION”, and“NOTICE” signs. Formats H and I are prohibited. ALL formats, inclu