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1、IEEE Std 1427-2006IEEE Guide for RecommendedElectrical Clearances and InsulationLevels in Air-Insulated ElectricalPower SubstationsI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA4 May 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theSubstations CommitteeIEEE Std 1427TM-2006 IEEE Guide for Recomme

2、nded Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air-Insulated Electrical Power Substations Sponsor Substations Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 6 December 2006 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This guide, covering three-phase ac systems from 1 kV to 800 kV, provides reco

3、mmended electrical operating and safety clearances and insulation levels in air-insulated electric supply substations; addresses insulation coordination procedures; provides design procedures for the selection and coordination of the insulation levels within the station as they relate to substation

4、clearances; and addresses how reduced clearances in high-voltage ac substations will allow for compact bus arrangements and substation voltage uprating applications. Keywords: basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL), basic switching impulse insulation level (BSL), clearances, insulation coord

5、ination, insulation levels, substation _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 4 May 2007. Printed in the United States of Am

6、erica. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This guide was re

7、vised by members of Working Group D1Recommended Minimum Clearances in Substation and is under the sponsorship of the Transmission and Distribution Substations Subcommittee of the IEEE/PESCS, Substations Committee. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other guides can be accessed a

8、t the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Atten

9、tion is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible

10、 for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the Working Group D1Re

11、commended Minimum Clearances in Substation had the following membership: Kenneth White, Chair Hanna Abdallah Abbas Abed Ken Aldridge Joseph Bell Steven Brown Alan R. Byrd Alton Comans Richard N. Crowdis Gary Engmann Dennis R. Falkenheim William B. Kahanek Charles Koenig Debra Longtin Jeffrey Merryma

12、n Jeffrey Nelson Robert Nowell Edward J. ODonnell Janusz Polak Mike Portale John Randolph Donald R. Rogers Alan Rotz Steve Rozinka Anne-Marie Sahazizian Hamid Sharifnia Boris Shvartsberg Garry Simms Roland YoungbergThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1427-2006, IEEE Guide for Recommended Elect

13、rical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. The following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William Ackerman Roy Alexander Ma

14、rcos Andrade Stan J. Arnot Ali Al Awazi Anthony Baker Thomas Barnes W. J. Bergman Enrique Betancourt Philip Bolin Stuart Bouchey Eldridge R. Byron William Chisholm R. Daubert Byron Davenport Matthew Davis Frank Denbrock Guru Dutt Dhingra Randall Dotson Gary Engmann Rabiz Foda Frank Gerleve Josephe G

15、reco Erik Guillot Ajit K. Gwal Edwatd Horgan, Jr. James Houston David W. Jackson Clark Jacobson Joseph Jancauskas Mark Kempker Hermann Koch Joseph Koepfinger Alan Kollar David Krause Chandra Krishnayya Luther Kurtz Stephen R. Lambert Gerald Lee George N. Lester Jason Lin Peter Lips Albert Livshitz W

16、illiam Lowe Gregory Luri Keith Malmedal Frank Mayle Mark McGranaghan Bryan Melville Gary L. Michel Daleep Mohla Abdul Mousa Jeffrey Nelson Art Neubauer Joe Nims Robert Nowell T. W. Olsen Carlos Peixoto Michael Pehosh John Randolph Anne-Marie Sahazizian Carl Schneider Michael Sharp H. Jin Sim Garry S

17、imms Harinderpal Singh James Sosinski Allan St. Peter Brian Story Malcolm Thaden Eric Udren Jane Ann Verner Hemant Vora Joe Watson William Wessman Kenneth D. White James W. Wilson, Jr. Roland Youngberg vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standa

18、rd on 6 December 2006, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. H

19、opf Lowell G. Johnson Herman Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvotin

20、g IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyr

21、ight 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Criteria 4 4.1 Safety codes and regulations . 4 4.2 Basic lightning impulse insulation level criteria 5 4.3 Radio interference voltage and corona criteria 5 4.4 Opera

22、ting history . 5 4.5 Economic aspects 5 4.6 Community acceptance 5 5. Substation insulation coordination . 5 5.1 Protective margins and arrester maximum continuous operating voltage . 6 5.2 Selection of basic lightning impulse insulation level and basic switch impulse insulation level 6 5.3 Selectio

23、n of electrical clearances. 9 6. Electrical operating/design clearances 10 6.1 General discussion. 10 6.2 Historical background 11 6.3 Clearances based on lightning impulse conditions 12 6.4 Clearances based on switching surge conditions . 14 7. Electric maintenance/safety clearances 19 8. Substatio

24、n voltage uprating and compact design 19 8.1 BIL/System voltage ratio concept 20 8.2 Other considerations 21 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 22 Annex B (informative) Example calculations 28 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulati

25、on Levels in Air-Insulated Electrical Power Substations 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide, covering three-phase ac systems from 1 kV to 800 kV, provides recommended electrical operating and safety clearances and insulation levels in air-insulated electric supply substations; addresses insulation coor

26、dination procedures; provides design procedures for the selection and coordination of the insulation levels within the station as they relate to substation clearances; and addresses how reduced clearances in high-voltage ac substations will allow for compact bus arrangements and substation voltage u

27、prating applications. This guide addresses insulation coordination procedures, including the choice of insulation levels and arrester specification, in limited detail and only as relevant to clearance requirements. Detailed and expanded coverage of insulation coordination procedures is provided in o

28、ther ANSI and IEEE guides and standards (see Clause 2). This guide focuses on open-air bus assemblies and configurations and excludes apparatus clearances (i.e., bushing clearances for transformers, and breakers). Detailed coverage of apparatus clearances is provided in other applicable guides and s

29、tandards. 1.2 Purpose Proper electrical clearances are necessary for the design, construction, and operation of electric supply substations. This document develops guidelines for the application of recommended electrical clearances and insulation levels in air-insulated substations. The recommended

30、clearances incorporate both design/operating clearances and safety clearances. IEEE Std 1427-2006 IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references The following ref

31、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. Accredited Standards Committee C-2, National Electri

32、cal Safety Code(NESC).1IEEE Std 1313.1TM-1996, IEEE Standard for Insulation CoordinationDefinitions, Principles, and Rules.2, 3IEEE 1313.2TM-1999, IEEE Guide for the Application of Insulation Coordination. 3. Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The

33、Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B684should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 3.1 air-insulated substation: An assembly of structures supporting equipment and buses exposed to atmospheric conditions that uses air as the external insulating medium. 3.2 ambient air te

34、mperature: The temperature of the surrounding air that comes in contact with the substation. 3.3 atmospheric correction factor: A factor applied to account for the difference between the atmospheric conditions in service and the standard atmospheric conditions. NOTEIn terms of this guide, it applies

35、 to external insulation only.53.4 basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL): The electrical strength of insulation expressed in terms of the crest value of a standard lightning impulse under standard atmospheric conditions. BIL may be expressed as either statistical or conventional. 3.5 basic s

36、witching impulse insulation level (BSL): The electrical strength of insulation expressed in terms of the crest value of a standard switching impulse. BSL may be expressed as either statistical or conventional. 3.6 bus support: An insulating support for a bus. It includes one or more insulator units

37、with fittings for connection to the support structure and for receiving the bus. 3.7 clearance, minimum phase-to-ground: The shortest distance between any energized part(s) and the adjacent grounded part(s). 3.8 clearance, minimum phase-to-phase: The shortest distance between any energized parts whe

38、re the parts are of different phases, including phases of different voltages. 1The NESC is available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 2IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electric

39、al and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 3The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 4The numbers in brackets correspond to those in the bibli

40、ography in Annex A. 5Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard. IEEE Std 1427-2006 IEEE Guide for Recommended Electrical Clearances and Insulation Levels in Air Insulated Electrical Power Substations 3 Copyright

41、 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. NOTECautionary differentiation should be made between surface-to-surface clearance and bus-to-bus centerline distance. 3.9 clearance, center-to-center phase spacing: The distance between centerlines of the energized parts of adjacent phases of bus. 3.10 conventional

42、withstand voltage: The voltage that an insulation is capable of withstanding without failure or disruptive discharge under specified test conditions. 3.11 energized parts: Those parts that are designed to operate at voltage different from that of the earth. 3.12 external insulation: The distances be

43、tween electrodes in open air and across the surfaces of the solid insulation of equipment in contact with open air that are subjected to dielectric stresses and to the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions such as contamination, animals, etc. 3.13 insulation configuration: The complet

44、e geometric configuration of the insulation, including all elements (insulating and conducting) that influence its dielectric behavior. The following insulation configurations are identified: a) Phase-to-ground: An insulation configuration between an energized part and the neutral or ground. b) Phas

45、e-to-phase: An insulation configuration between two phases of energized conductors or parts. c) Longitudinal: An insulation configuration between energized conductors or parts belonging to the same phase, which are temporarily separated into two independently energized parts (e.g., open switching de

46、vice). 3.14 insulation coordination: The process of bringing the insulation strengths of electrical equipment and buses into the proper relationship with expected overvoltages and with the characteristics of the insulating media and surge protective devices to obtain an acceptable risk of failure. 3

47、.15 lightning overvoltage: A fast front voltage produced by lightning. Such overvoltages are usually unidirectional and of very short duration. 3.16 maximum system voltage (Vm): The highest root mean square (rms) phase-to-phase power frequency voltage that occurs on the system under normal operating

48、 conditions for which equipment and other system components are designed for continuous operation without derating of any kind. 3.17 nominal system voltage: The root mean square (rms) phase-to-phase power frequency voltage below the maximum system voltage by which the system is designated and to whi

49、ch certain operating characteristics are related. 3.18 nonself-restoring insulation: An insulation that loses its insulating properties or does not recover completely after a disruptive discharge. This type of insulation is generally, but not necessarily, internal insulation. 3.19 overvoltage: Any time-dependent voltage between one phase and ground or between phases having a value exceeding the maximum system voltage. Unless otherwise indicated, such as for surge arresters, overvoltages are expressed in per unit with reference to 3V2m(max