IEEE 1289-1998 en Guide for the Application of Human Factors Engineering in the Design of Computer-Based Monitoring and Control Displays for Nuclear Power Gener.pdf

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1、Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1998 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1998. Printed in the United States

2、 of America.ISBN 0-7381-0182-6 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior writtenpermission of the publisher.IEEE Std 1289-1998(R2004)IEEE Guide for the Application of Human Factors Engineering in the Design of Compute

3、r-Based Monitoring and Control Displays for Nuclear Power Generating StationsSponsorNuclear Power Engineering Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 24 March 2005American National Standards InstituteReaffirmed 8 December 2004Approved 19 March 1998IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Syste

4、m design considerations, information display and control techniques for use with computer-based displays, and human factors engineering guidance for the use of these techniques in nuclear powergenerating stations are provided.Keywords: displays, human factors engineering, nuclear power generating st

5、ationsIEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordi-nating Committees of the IEEE-SA Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarilyand without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards devel-oped within IE

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13、ssed to:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAAuthorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use isgranted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriatefee is pa

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15、ined through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights

16、 inconnection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents forwhich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved. iiiIntrod

17、uction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1289-1998, IEEE Guide for the Application of Human Factors Engineering inthe Design of Computer-Based Monitoring and Control Displays for Nuclear Power Generating Stations.)When the majority of the presently operating nuclear power plants were first d

18、esigned, the operator interfacedesign philosophy reflected the availability of, and experience with, single sensor/single parameter displays,such as meters or trend recorders. During the control room design reviews of the 1980s, it was realized thatthis type of display often led to poor functional p

19、erformance. The user frequently needed displays that couldintegrate information rather than just present data. In other cases, traditional instrumentation performedpoorly or unreliably. A trend has developed slowly over the past decade in which, while replacing controlroom instrumentation, utilities

20、 have found that the instruments have become obsolete, are no longer avail-able, and are not supported by vendors. This has led nuclear power generating stations to upgrade instrumen-tation utilizing computer-based display/control devices.Working Group 7.1 (WG 7.1) reviewed existing standards that a

21、ddress the use of computer-based displaysin the nuclear power industry. It found that, while there were top-level human factors standards (such asIEEEStd1023-1988) and specific standards to address visual display hardware parameters, there was noavailable industry guidance to address computer-based

22、display formats appropriate for nuclear power plantmonitoring and control. The working group also investigated efforts throughout the industry to developcomputer-based monitoring and control displays, and found significant efforts at many utilities, instumenta-tion and control vendors, and governmen

23、t laboratories that attempted to provide guidance. Based on theidentified need for guidance in this area and the developing industry base, the development of this guide wasinitiated.The intent of this guide is to provide human factors engineering principles as guidance to management per-sonnel and e

24、ngineers who must develop or select computer-based displays, either in the replacement, modi-fication, or design of instrumentation and control systems. A process for determining display needs, whichare related to those of IEEE Std 1023-1988, and descriptions of a wide variety of display formats are

25、 pro-vided.Guidance is provided for using user tasks to determine information needs, which in turn define display char-acteristics. Information is provided that relates to a wide range of display formats, describing what they are,when they are useful, and when they are not useful to display the info

26、rmation needed by the user. Thisdesign criteria guide provides more specific guidance under the top-level guide, IEEE Std 1023-1988.ParticipantsThis guide was prepared by WG 7.1 of the Human Factors and Control Facilities Subcommittee (SC 7) ofthe Nuclear Power Engineering Committee of the IEEE Powe

27、r Engineering Society. During the initial development of this guide, J. B. Zgliczynski was chair of WG 7.1. Shortly thereafter,R.L.Starkey took over as chair of WG 7.1 and served in this capacity for the majority of the writing effort.During the final stages of development, and during balloting and

28、final editing, S. A. Fleger served as chair ofWG 7.1. The following list represents the membership of WG 7.1 that attended meetings and contributed tothe effort:Stephen A. Fleger, ChairT. J. Voss, Vice-Chair*Past chair of Working Group 7.1.J. Bongarra, Jr.R. J. ChristensenJ. HerrinS. MalcolmC. L. Mo

29、rrisonJ. OHaraR. ReevesR. L. Starkey*E. TragerR. WatersJ. B. Zgliczynski*iv Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.Other individuals in SC 7 who contributed reviews and comments are as follows:The following persons were on the balloting committee:When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guid

30、e on 19 March 1998, it had the followingmembership:Richard J. Holleman, Chair Donald N. Heirman, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secretary*Member EmeritusW. BanksA. N. BeareR. ConsidineD. HarmonG. M. HaynesS. HeuertzW. R. KleinL. LawrenceA. LeusL. PatnaudeR. PaulL. C. PughA. StaveSatish K. AggarwalVincent

31、P. BacanskasFarouk D. BaxterWes W. BowersDan F. BrosnanNissen M. BursteinS. P. CarfagnoRobert C. CarruthR. J. ChristensenJ. J. DisoswayGary L. DomanRobert L. DopyakEdward F. DowlingRich E. DulskiSurinder DurejaJay ForsterJ. R. FragolaJohn M. GallagherWil C. GangloffLuis C. GonzalezLawrence P. Gradin

32、J. K. GreeneBritton P. GrimRobert E. HallJoe T. HazeltineGregory K. HenrySonny KasturiJames T. KeiperAlex MarionJohn R. MatrasR. B. MillerBurt NemroffNeil P. SmithPeter SzabadosJames E. ThomasRaymond WeronickG. O. WilkinsonDavid J. ZapraznyMark S. ZarSatish K. AggarwalClyde R. CampJames T. CarloGary

33、 R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinJay Forster*Thomas F. GarrityRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyJim D. IsaakLowell G. JohnsonRobert KennellyE. G. “Al” KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*Stephen R. LambertJim LogothetisDonald C. LoughryL. Bruce McClungLouis-Franois PauRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. Posey

34、Gary S. RobinsonHans E. WeinrichDonald W. ZipseCopyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved. vContents1. Scope 12. References 13. Definitions . 14. Systems considerations 34.1 Display development methodology . 34.2 System design considerations 45. Display functions . 115.1 Overview status 115.2 Detailed

35、 status 125.3 Alarms 125.4 Troubleshooting . 125.5 Configuration . 125.6 Procedures 125.7 Logs . 125.8 Integrated control. 126. Typical display format types 136.1 Graphs 136.2 Mimics . 146.3 Logic displays 166.4 Faceplate displays 176.5 Alphanumeric displays 186.6 Integrated displays . 197. Display-

36、driven process control 207.1 General requirements for display-driven process controls 207.2 Display formats appropriate for process control 208. User-system interaction . 228.1 Dialog formats . 228.2 Navigation and display management. 288.3 Windows 299. Bibliography 31Annex A (informative) Interface

37、 devices . 32Annex B (informative) Typical nuclear power plant display examples. 35Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Guide for the Application of Human Factors Engineering in the Design of Computer-Based Monitoring and Control Displays for Nuclear Power Generating Stations1. ScopeThis

38、guide provides system design considerations, identifies information display and control techniques foruse with computer-based displays, and provides human factors engineering guidance for the use of thesetechniques in nuclear power generating stations.2. ReferencesThis guide should be used in conjun

39、ction with the following IEEE standards. When the following standardsare superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply:IEEE Std 1023-1988, IEEE Guide for the Application of Human Factors Engineering to Systems, Equip-ment, and Facilities of Nuclear Power Generating Stations.1IEEE Std

40、610-1990, IEEE Standard Computer Dictionary, Compilation of IEEE Standard Computer Glossa-ries. NOTESee Clause 9 for a bibliography of publications and other documents that provide additional information oramplify this guide. 3. Definitions3.1 command language: A type of dialog in which a user compo

41、ses entries to evoke a system response. 3.2 data validation: The process of checking data-entry items for correct content or format.3.3 direct manipulation: User manipulation of symbols in the display by direct interaction with the symbol.It is generally performed through the use of a display struct

42、ure, such as a pointer, and a cursor controldevice, such as a mouse.1IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331, USA.IEEEStd 1289-1998 IEEE GUIDE FOR THE APPLICATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING I

43、N THE DESIGN2 Copyright 1998 IEEE. All rights reserved.3.4 display: Visual depiction of a single, integrated, organized set of information. A display may be an inte-gration of several display formats (such as a system mimic that includes bar charts, trend graphs, and datafields).3.5 display device:

44、The hardware used to provide the display to users. An example is a video display unit.See also: display.3.6 display elements: The individual components of a display, such as labels, abbreviations, acronyms,icons, symbols, numbers, color, graph lines, coding, highlighting, and background. See also: d

45、isplay.3.7 display format: Method of data presentation, such as a trend plot, bar chart, graph, table, or cross-plot.See also: display.3.8 field: An area of the display screen that is reserved for the display of data or for user entry of a data item.In a database, it is a specified area used for a p

46、articular category of data (e.g., equipment operational status).See also: display.3.9 hierarchical branching: A tree-like menu structure that allows selection among alternatives withoutrequiring the opening and closing of a series of menus. The alternatives are contained in one menu.3.10 legibility:

47、 The quality of a display that allows groups of characters and symbols to be easily discrimi-nated and recognized. See also: display.3.11 luminance: The luminous intensity per unit projected area of a given surface as viewed from a givendirection. Measured in candelas per square meter or footlambert

48、s. 3.12 luminance contrast: The ratio of the luminance of the features of the object being viewed, in particularof the feature to be discriminated, to the luminance of the background. See also: luminance.3.13 page: a) A fixed-length block of data, especially that which fits into a single printed she

49、et. b) To sum-mon a particular page or the next logical page. See also: paging.3.14 paging: A method of viewing and moving through data in which a user conceives of data as beinggrouped into pages and moves through it by discrete steps. See also: page.3.15 pop-up menu: A menu that is brought into view as a result of a selection action other than choosing amenu-bar label. Contrast: pull-down menu.3.16 pull-down menu: A menu that is brought into view by selecting a menu-bar label. Contrast: pop-upmenu.3.17 readability: The ease with which words and text can be read. Refers specif