ANSI AWS C5 10 C5 10M-2003 Recommended Practices for Shielding Gases for Welding and Cutting.pdf

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1、RecommendedPractices forShielding Gasesfor Welding andCuttingAWS C5.10/C5.10M:2003An American National StandardReproduced by Global Engineering Documents With the Permission of AWS Under Royalty Agreement 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126AWS C5.10/C5.10M:2003An American National StandardAp

2、proved byAmerican National Standards InstituteJuly 29, 2003Recommended Practicesfor Shielding Gases forWelding and CuttingSupersedes ANSI/AWS C5.10-94Prepared byAWS C5 Committee on Arc Welding and CuttingUnder the Direction ofAWS Safety and Health CommitteeApproved byAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractTh

3、is document is concerned with six industrial gases: argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO2), helium (He), hydrogen (H),nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O). Properties, uses, safe handling, distribution, mixtures and effects on arc characteristicsand welds are presented for flux cored arc welding (FCAW), gas tungs

4、ten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding(GMAW), electrogas welding (EGW), plasma arc welding (PAW), plasma arc cutting (PAC), laser welding (LW) andlaser cutting (LC). Gas purging, gas distribution and safety practices are also covered.Key WordsShielding gases, gas distribution, gas safety, pla

5、sma gas, purging gas, gas mixtures, arc characteristics, dew point, gas propertiesStatement on Use of AWS American National StandardsAll standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the AmericanWelding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standar

6、ds that have been developed in accordance with the rules of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of,documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies,their prov

7、isions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must beapproved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws andregulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of t

8、he contract or other document that invokes theAWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWSstandard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-711-5American Welding Society, 550 N.

9、W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 2003 by American Welding Society. All rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaReprinted: May 2004AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that bringstogether volunteers representing varied viewpoint

10、s and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the processand establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, orverify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards.AWS discla

11、ims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether spe-cial, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on thisstandard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the a

12、ccuracy or completeness of any information published herein.In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or onbehalf of any person or entity. Nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someoneelse.

13、Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the adviceof a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensur

14、e that they have the latest edition.Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent. AWS disclaims liability for the infringementof any patent resulting from the use or reliance on this standard.Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standar

15、d, nor does it have the power to do so.On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are postedon the AWS web page (www.aws.org).Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by

16、sending a request, in writ-ing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126 (see Annex A). With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standardsmay be rendered. However, such opinion

17、s represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. Theseindividuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpreta-tions of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a subs

18、titute for an official interpretation.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS C5 Committee on Arc Welding and Cutting. It must bereviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations,additions, or deletions) and any pe

19、rtinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should beaddressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS C5 Committee on ArcWelding and Cutting and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the com

20、ments.Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS C5 Committee on Arc Welding and Cutting to express theircomments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in theRules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these

21、 Rules can be obtained from the AmericanWelding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, oreducational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by t

22、he American Welding Society (AWS) provided that theappropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 978-750-8400;online: http:/.iiiPersonnelAWS C5 Committee on Arc Welding and CuttingJ. R. Hannahs, Chair Edison Community CollegeN. A. Sanders, 1st

23、 Vice Chair Hypertherm, IncorporatedB. D. Holliday, 2nd Vice Chair Northrup Grumman CorporationP. Howe, Secretary American Welding Society*E. R. Bohnart Welding Education and ConsultingH. A. Chambers TRWNelson Stud Welding DivisionC. Connelly Poly-WeldJ. DeVito ESAB Welding and Cutting ProductsR. M.

24、 Dull Edison Welding InstituteD. A. Fink The Lincoln Electric Company*R. T. Hemzacek ConsultantI. D. Harris Edison Welding InstituteG. K. Hicken Sandia National LaboratoryK. Y. Lee The Lincoln Electric CompanyR. P. Munz The Lincoln Electric CompanyS. R. Potter SSP Consulting Services*B. L. Schultz T

25、he Taylor Winfield CorporationR. L. Strohl Tweco-ArcairE. G. Yevick Weld-Met International GroupA. P. Yost The Lincoln Electric CompanyAWS C5O Subcommittee on Shielding GasesJ. DeVito, Chair ESAB Welding and Cutting ProductsE. Colvin, 1st Vice Chair ConsultantP. Howe, Secretary American Welding Soci

26、etyJ. F. Donaghy M G Industries*J. R. Hannahs Edison Community CollegeD. B. Leturno Praxair IncorporatedM. McKeown BOC Gases*G. A. Risher Consultant*J. M. Zawodny Linde Gas LLC*AdvisorThis page is intentionally blank.vForeword(This Foreword is not a part of AWS C5.10/C5.10M:2003, Recommended Practic

27、es for ShieldingGases for Welding and Cutting, but is included for informational purposes only.)This standard was first published in 1994 and has been recently revised to reflect advancements in the area of shield-ing gases and the welding processes that use them, and to more clearly and accurately

28、depict the roles and properties ofshielding gases in welding. These recommended practices, prepared by the AWS Subcommittee on Shielding Gases ofthe AWS Committee on Arc Welding and Cutting, are intended as a guide in the use of shielding gases. They should besupplemented with the instructions provi

29、ded by manufacturers of the shielding gases or welding and cutting equipment.The Shielding Gases Subcommittee has prepared these recommended practices as guidelines for utilizing shieldinggases in a safe and efficient manner. The subcommittee is continuing its activities to provide additional data.

30、This docu-ment will be revised on a periodic basis.Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcomed. They should be sent to the Secretary,AWS C5 Committee on Arc Welding and Cutting, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126.Official interpretations of

31、 any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, inwriting, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society. A formal reply will beissued after it has been reviewed by the appropriate personnel following established procedures.

32、This page is intentionally blank.viiTable of ContentsPage No.Personnel iiiForeword.vList of TablesixList of Figuresix1. Scope .12. Normative References12.1 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Standards 12.2 ASME Standards .12.3 AWS Standards12.4 CGA Standards22.5 OSHA Standards

33、 .22.6 NFPA Standards 23. Purpose of Shielding Gas and Gas Properties23.1 General 23.2 Specific Gas Properties .24. Applications of Gases in Welding and Cutting 44.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding .44.2 Gas Metal Arc Welding.74.3 Flux Cored Arc Welding .194.4 Plasma Arc Welding204.5 Electrogas Welding214.

34、6 Laser Beam Welding .224.7 Laser Beam Cutting.244.8 Plasma Arc Cutting .254.9 Purging and Backing Gases Used in Gas Shielded Welding.305. Gas Supply Systems.335.1 High-Pressure Cylinders .335.2 Other Supply Systems .335.3 Piping Systems 346. Shielding and Cutting Gas Safety 356.1 Introduction .356.

35、2 Safe Handling of High-Pressure and Liquid Cylinders.376.3 Safety Precautions for Specific Gases.386.4 The Generation of Welding Fume and Pollutant Gases 39Nonmandatory Annexes41Annex ATables for Conversions and Gas Cylinder and Valve Data .41Annex BSupplementary Reading List49Annex CGuideline for

36、Preparation of Technical Inquiries for AWS Technical Committees.51List of AWS Documents on Arc Welding and Cutting.53viiiList of TablesTable Page No.1 Properties of Gases.32 Gas Type, Purity and Moisture Requirements, and Dew Point Data for Shielding Gas Components.33 Dew Point of Carbon Dioxide ver

37、sus Percent Moisture in Carbon Dioxide .44 Recommended Types of Current, Tungsten Electrodes, and Shielding Gases for GTAWof Different Metals and Alloys 65 Globular-to-Spray Transition Currents for Various Electrodes116 Gas Selection for Gas Metal Arc Welding.137 Shielding Gases for Electrogas Weldi

38、ng238 Typical Conditions for Plasma Arc Cutting of Aluminum Alloys.299 Typical Conditions for Plasma Arc Cutting of Stainless Steels.2910 Typical Conditions for Plasma Arc Cutting of Carbon Steel.2911 Purging Gas Recommendations .31A1 Commonly Used Metric Conversions (Inch to Millimeter Conversions)

39、 41A2 Conversions for Fahrenheit-Celsius Temperature Scales.42A3 Dew Point Conversion Chart44A4 Liquid and Gaseous Argon, Hydrogen, Air, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Helium45A5 Gas Cylinder and Valve Data: Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixtures46A6 Gas Cylinder and Valve Data: Shielding Gases .47ix

40、List of FiguresFigure Page No.1 The Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process52 The Gas Metal Arc Welding Process .83a Stylized Representation of the Short-Circuiting Transfer Mode .93b Schematic Representation of the Short-Circuiting Transfer Mode94a Stylized Representation of the Globular Transfer Mode in

41、Argon 104b Stylized Representation of the Globular “Buried Arc” Transfer Mode in CO2.105 Stylized Representation of the Spray Transfer Mode 106 Stylized Representation of the Pulsed Spray Transfer Mode.127 Stylized Representation of the Rotational Spray Transfer Mode.128 Comparative Ionization Poten

42、tial and Arc Columns with Argon, Carbon Dioxide, and Helium169 Typical GMAW Bead and Penetration Profiles with Several Shielding Gases1610 Typical Spatter Levels versus Welding Current with Three Common Shielding Gasesand 0.045 in. 1.2 mm Diameter Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Welding Electrodes1711 Th

43、e Effect of Argon and Helium Shielding Gases on Bead Profile and Penetration whenWelding Aluminum with GMAW 1812 The Flux Cored Arc Welding Process2013 Schematic Diagrams of Plasma Arc Welding Showing the Arc and Heat of Fusion Patterns.2114 The Electrogas Welding Process2315 Dual Flow Plasma Arc Cu

44、tting 2616 Water Injection Plasma Arc Cutting 2617 Gas Selection Guide for Plasma Arc Cutting.2718 Pre-Purge Time for One Volume Change.3219 Manifold System 3420 Carbon Dioxide Gas Cylinder3521 Liquid Cylinders 3522 Bulk Storage Vessels3623 Tube Trailer3624 Fume Generation Rates for the GMAW Process

45、 .40This page is intentionally blank.AWS C5.10/C5.10M:200311. ScopeThis publication presents basic concepts relating togas usage for each process and its variations. These con-cepts, combined with basic information about arc weld-ing or cutting processes, will enable the reader to makean educated de

46、cision when selecting a gas.1In addition,safe practices and specific technical data are included asguides in an effort to establish optimum operation of theselected welding or cutting process.The reader will learn the process and specific advan-tages and disadvantages for each. Standard welding andc

47、utting equipment is normally designed to permit the useof several gases.Note: The scope of this document does not includeinformation for oxyfuel or heat treating processes.This specification makes use of both U.S. CustomaryUnits and the International System of Units (SI). Themeasurements may not be

48、exact equivalents; thereforeeach system must be used independently of the otherwithout combining in any way. The specification withthe designation C5.10 uses U.S. Customary Units. Thespecification C5.10M uses SI units. The latter are shownin appropriate columns in tables or within brackets when used

49、 in the text.Safety and health issues and concerns are beyond thescope of this standard and, therefore, are not fully ad-dressed herein. Information on safe handling of gasesand cylinders can be found in Section 6. Safety andhealth information is available from other sources, in-cluding, but not limited to, ANSI Z49.1, Safetyin Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, applicablefederal and state regulations, and local safety codes.1. In this document, the use of the term gas also includes “gasmixture.”2. Normative ReferencesIf a code or other standard is cited with