IEC TS 62351-1-2007 Power systems management and associated information exchange - Data and communications security - Part 1 Communication network and system se.pdf

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1、TECHNICAL IECSPECIFICATION TS 62351-1First edition 2007-05Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 1: Communication network and system security Introduction to security issues Reference number IEC/TS 62351-1:2007(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRI

2、GHT PROTECTED Copyright 2007 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC

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8、11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 TECHNICAL IECSPECIFICATION TS 62351-1First edition 2007-05Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 1: Communication network and system security Introduction to security issues V Commission Electrotechnique Internation

9、ale International Electrotechnical Commission PRICE CODE For price, see current catalogue 2 TS 62351-1 IEC:2007(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 1 Scope and object6 1.1 Scope6 1.2 Object .6 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 7 4 Background for information security standards .7 4.

10、1 Rationale for addressing information security in power system operations.7 4.2 IEC TC 57 data communications protocols .8 4.3 History of the Development of these Security Standards .8 5 Security issues for the IEC 62351 series 9 5.1 General information on security.9 5.2 Types of security threats .

11、9 5.3 Security requirements, threats, vulnerabilities, attacks, and countermeasures.12 5.4 Importance of security policies 19 5.5 Security risk assessment.20 5.6 Understanding the security requirements and impact of security measures on power system operations.20 5.7 Five-step security process.21 5.

12、8 Applying security to power system operations .23 6 Overview of the IEC 62351 series.24 6.1 Scope of the IEC 62351 series 24 6.2 Authentication as key security requirement24 6.3 Objectives of the IEC 62351 series24 6.4 Relationships between the IEC 62351 parts and IEC protocols25 6.5 IEC 62351-1: I

13、ntroduction26 6.6 IEC 62351-2: Glossary of terms.26 6.7 IEC 62351-3: Profiles including TCP/IP .26 6.8 IEC 62351-4: Security for profiles that include MMS28 6.9 IEC 62351-5: Security for IEC 60870-5 and derivatives .28 6.10 IEC 62351-6: Security for IEC 61850 Profiles 29 6.11 IEC 62351-7: Security t

14、hrough network and system management31 7 Conclusions34 Bibliography35 Figure 1 Security requirements, threats, and possible attacks14 Figure 2 Security categories, typical attacks, and common countermeasures.14 Figure 3 Confidentiality security countermeasures .16 Figure 4 Integrity security counter

15、measures.16 Figure 5 Availability security countermeasures.17 Figure 6 Non-repudiation security countermeasures.17 Figure 7 Overall security: security requirements, threats, countermeasures, and management.18 TS 62351-1 IEC:2007(E) 3 Figure 8 General security process continuous cycle22 Figure 9 Corr

16、elation between the IEC 62351 series and IEC TC 57 profile standards.26 Figure 10 Authentication security measure in GOOSE/SMV.31 Figure 11 NSM object models are the information infrastructure equivalent to the CIM and IEC 61850 object models of the power system infrastructure32 Figure 12 Power syst

17、em operations systems, illustrating the security monitoring architecture.33 Table 1 Characteristics of the three multicast IEC 61850 protocols 30 Table 2 Security measures for the three multicast IEC 61850 protocols .30 4 TS 62351-1 IEC:2007(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ POWER SYSTE

18、MS MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY Part 1: Communication network and system security Introduction to security issues FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national

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28、f this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International S

29、tandards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or The subject is still under technical development or where

30、, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. TS 62351-1 IEC:2007(E) 5 IEC

31、 62351-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 57: Power systems management and associated information exchange. The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 57/802/DTS 57/850/RVC Full informa

32、tion on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 62351 series, under the general title Power syste

33、ms management and associated information exchange Data and communications security, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in

34、the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual edition of this document may be issued at a later date. 6 TS 62351-1 IEC:2007(E) POWER SYSTEM

35、S MANAGEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INFORMATION EXCHANGE DATA AND COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY Part 1: Communication network and system security Introduction to security issues 1 Scope and object 1.1 Scope The scope of the IEC 62351 series is information security for power system control operations. The primary

36、objective is to “Undertake the development of standards for security of the communication protocols defined by IEC TC 57, specifically the IEC 60870-5 series, the IEC 60870-6 series, the IEC 61850 series, the IEC 61970 series, and the IEC 61968 series. Undertake the development of standards and/or t

37、echnical reports on end-to-end security issues.” 1.2 Object Specific objectives include: IEC 62351-1 provides an introduction to the remaining parts of the standard, primarily to introduce the reader to various aspects of information security as applied to power system operations. IEC 62351-3 to IEC

38、 62351-6 specify security standards for the IEC TC 57 communication protocols. These can be used to provide various levels of protocol security, depending upon the protocol and the parameters selected for a specific implementation. They have also been design for backward compatibility and phased imp

39、lementations. IEC 62351-7 addresses one area among many possible areas of end-to-end information security, namely the enhancement of overall management of the communications networks supporting power system operations. Other parts are expected to follow to address more areas of information security.

40、 The justification for developing these information security standards is that safety, security, and reliability have always been important issues in the design and operation of systems in the power industry, and information security is becoming increasingly important in this industry as it relies m

41、ore and more on an information infrastructure. The deregulated market has imposed new threats as knowledge of assets of a competitor and the operation of his system can be beneficial and acquisition of such information is a possible reality. In addition, inadvertent actions (e.g. carelessness and na

42、tural disasters) can be as damaging as deliberate actions. Recently, the additional threat of terrorism has become more visible. Although many definitions of “end-to-end” security exist, one (multi-statement) standard definition is “1. Safeguarding information in a secure telecommunication system by

43、 cryptographic or protected distribution system means from point of origin to point of destination. 2. Safeguarding information in an information system from point of origin to point of destination” 1 . Using this definition as a basis, the first four standards address the security enhancements for

44、IEC TC 57 communication profiles, since these were identified as the obvious first steps in securing power system control operations. However, these security enhancements can only address the security requirements between two systems, but does not address true “end-to-end” security that covers inter

45、nal security requirements, including _ 1ATIS: an expansion of FS-1037C which is the US Federal Government standard glossary for telecommunications terms. TS 62351-1 IEC:2007(E) 7 security policies, security enforcement, intrusion detection, internal system and application health, and all the broader

46、 security needs. Therefore, the final sentence in the scope/purpose statement is very important: it is recognized that the addition of firewalls or just the simple use of encryption in protocols, for instance by adding “bump-in-the-wire” encryption boxes or even virtual private network (VPN) technol

47、ogies would not be adequate for many situations. Security truly is an “end-to-end” requirement to ensure authenticated access to sensitive power system equipment, authorized access to sensitive market data, reliable and timely information on equipment functioning and failures, backup of critical sys

48、tems, and audit capabilities that permit detection and reconstruction of crucial events. 2 Normative references The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of the IEC 62351 standard series. IEC 60870-5 (all parts), Telecontrol

49、equipment and systems Part 5: Transmission protocols IEC 60870-6 (all parts), Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 6: Telecontrol protocols compatible with ISO standards and ITU-T recommendations 2IEC 61850 (all parts), Communication networks and systems in substations 3 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations For the purposes of this part of IEC 62351, the terms and definitions given in