IEC 60544-2-2012 Electrical insulating materials - Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials - Part 2 Procedures for irradiatio.pdf

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1、 IEC 60544-2 Edition 3.0 2012-07 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test Matriaux isolants lectriques dtermination des effets des rayonnements Io

2、nisants sur les matriaux isolants Partie 2: Mthodes dirradiation et dessai IEC 60544-2:2012 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2012 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any

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16、uestions contactez-nous: csciec.ch. IEC 60544-2 Edition 3.0 2012-07 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test Matriaux isolants lectriques dtermina

17、tion des effets des rayonnements Ionisants sur les matriaux isolants Partie 2: Mthodes dirradiation et dessai INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE S ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-83220-223-4 Registered trademark of the Internati

18、onal Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agr. 2 60544-2 IEC:2012 CON

19、TENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 8 2 Normative references . 8 3 Irradiation . 9 3.1 Type of radiation and dosimetry 9 3.2 Irradiation conditions . 10 3.3 Sample preparation . 10 3.4 Irradiation procedures . 10 3.4.1 Irradiation dose-rate control . 10 3.4.2 Irradiation temperature contro

20、l . 10 3.4.3 Irradiation in air . 11 3.4.4 Irradiation in a medium other than air 11 3.4.5 Irradiation in a vacuum 11 3.4.6 Irradiation at high pressure 12 3.4.7 Irradiation during mechanical stressing 12 3.4.8 Irradiation during electrical stressing . 12 3.4.9 Combined irradiation procedures . 12 3

21、.5 Post-irradiation effects 12 3.6 Specified irradiation conditions 12 4 Test 12 4.1 General . 12 4.2 Test procedures 13 4.3 Evaluation criteria . 13 4.3.1 End-point criteria . 13 4.3.2 Values of the absorbed dose . 14 4.4 Evaluation . 14 5 Report 15 5.1 General . 15 5.2 Material . 15 5.3 Irradiatio

22、n 15 5.4 Test . 15 5.5 Results 15 Annex A (informative) Examples of test reports 16 Bibliography 21 Figure A.1 Change of mechanical properties as a function of absorbed dose for magnetic coil insulation . 17 Figure A.2 Breakdown voltage of insulating tape as a function of absorbed dose 20 Table 1 Cr

23、itical properties and end-point criteria to be considered in evaluating the classification of insulating materials in radiation environments 14 Table A.1 Example 1 Magnetic coil insulation . 16 Table A.2 Example 2 Cable insulation . 18 60544-2 IEC:2012 3 Table A.3 Example 3 Insulating tape . 19 4 60

24、544-2 IEC:2012 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION ON INSULATING MATERIALS Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organizatio

25、n for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC pu

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27、y participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agree

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32、 any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees an

33、d IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) A

34、ttention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights

35、. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60544-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 112: Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edit

36、ion, published in 1991, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: alignment with standards recently developed by SC 45A as well as with other parts in the IEC 60544 series. 60544-2 IEC:2012 5 The text

37、 of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 112/208/FDIS 112/216/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC D

38、irectives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 60544 series can be found, under the general title Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials, on the IEC website. Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cit

39、ed above. Titles of existing standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the

40、 specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 6 60544-2 IEC:2012 INTRODUCTION When selecting insulating materials for applications in radiation environments, the component designers should have available reliable test

41、data to compare candidate materials. To be meaningful, the performance data should be obtained on each material by standardized procedures, and the procedures should be designed to demonstrate the influence that variations of the service conditions have on the significant properties. This point is o

42、f particular concern where in normal service conditions low dose rates exist and where the insulation materials have been selected from radiation endurance data obtained from tests conducted at high dose rates. Environmental conditions shall be well controlled and documented during the measurement o

43、f radiation effects. Important environmental parameters include temperature, reactive medium and mechanical and electrical stresses present during the irradiation. If air is present, radiation-induced species can enter into reactions with oxygen that would not occur in its absence. This is responsib

44、le for an observed influence of the absorbed dose rate for certain types of polymers if irradiated in air. As a result, the resistance may be several orders of magnitude lower than when the sample is irradiated under vacuum or in the presence of inert gas. This is generally called the “dose-rate eff

45、ect“, which is described and reviewed in references 1 to 14 1 . NOTE For the user of this Part of IEC 60544 who wants to go into more detail, the cited references are listed in the Bibliography. Where these are not publications in internationally available journals, addresses where the cited scienti

46、fic reports can be obtained are given at the end of the references. The irradiation time can become relevant because of time-dependent complications caused by: a) physical effects such as diffusion-limited oxidation 8, 10; and b) chemical phenomena such as rate-determining hydroperoxide breakdown re

47、actions 10, 14. Typical diffusion-limited effects are commonly observed in radiation studies of polymers in air. Their importance depends upon the interrelationship of the geometry of the polymer with the oxygen permeation and consumption rates, both of which depend upon temperature 10. This means t

48、hat the irradiation of thick samples in air may result in oxidation only near the air- exposed surfaces of the sample, resulting in material property changes similar to those obtained by irradiation in an oxygen-free environment. Therefore, when the material is to be used in air for a long period of

49、 time at a low dose rate, depositing the same total dose at a high dose rate in a short exposure period may not determine its durability. Previous experiments or considerations of sample thickness combined with estimates of oxygen permeation and consumption rates 8, 10 may eliminate such concerns. A technique that may be useful for eliminating oxygen diffusion effects by increasing the surrounding