（潍坊专版）2018中考英语总复习第二部分专题语法高效突破专项1_8课件.ppt

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1、第二部分 专题语法 高效突破,专项 1 名 词,考点1 名词的数,一、可数名词 可数名词所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算，有单数、复数两种形式。 1名词复数的规则变化,高频考点精讲,【注意】有些名词虽以s结尾，但它们不是复数。如：physics物理；maths数学；politics政治；news新闻。,2名词复数的不规则变化,二、不可数名词 不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形的变化，主要包括物质名词和抽象名词两种。 不可数名词的计量形式： 基数词/不定冠词量词of不可数名词，但数词决定量词的单复数形式。如：a glass of water一杯水；a piece of news 一

2、则新闻；three pieces of advice三条建议。,考点2 名词词义辨析,近义词辨析 1news, information, message，advice与suggestion,2.sound，noise与voice sound “声音”，指可以听到的任何声音。noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音，“嘈杂声，喧闹声”。voice 指“说话声，唱歌声，嗓音”。,3job与work job是可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”；work是不可数名词，指“工作，劳动，努力”。 4problem与question 两个词都表示“问题”。problem总是与“困难”相联系，

3、它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种“问题”是“有待解决的”，与其搭配的动词是solve；question总是与“疑问，质问，询问”相联系，这种“问题”是“有待回答的”。,考点3 名词所有格,名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系，有两种表示形式：一种是在名词后加s；另一种是用of，表示 “的”。,1s / s,2.of所有格 没有生命的事物一般用of 结构来表示所属关系。如：the wall of the classroom教室的墙；a picture of the bedroom卧室的图片。 3双重所有格 将of结构与s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用，构成双重所有格。如：a friend of h

4、is他的一个朋友；the big nose of Toms汤姆的大鼻子。,十年真题全练,十年来，潍坊市中考对名词考查了五次，主要面向名词词义辨析和名词所有格这两个考点，特别是在具体语境下对名词词义辨析的考查，这就要求考生要在具体的语言环境下，准确把握名词的意义；不可数名词和名词的复数(如sheep单复数同形)也是未来对于名词的考查方向。,考点2 名词词义辨析,1.2008潍坊， 16题Luckily, the boy didnt hurt his _ in the accident, so he can walk as usual.Aarms Blegs Ceyes Dhands 22012潍

5、坊， 17题Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning. Ahobby Bjob Cmenu Dskill 32015潍坊， 28题On September 3 there will be some _ in China to celebrate the 70year victory of the AntiJapanese War. Aactions Bprojects Ctraditions Dactivities,B,A,D,考点3 名词所有格,4.2008潍坊，17题 Mrs.Bond is an old friend of _ AJack

6、mother BJack mothers CJacks mother DJacks mothers 5.2013潍坊， 28题How far is your home from school? Its about two _ walk. Ahours Bhours Chours Dhour,D,B,猜押预测,1How many _ can you see in the picture?Two. Adog Bchild Cduck Dsheep 2Could you give me some _？ I tried several times but failed.Anotice Bsuggest

7、ion Cadvice Dway,D,C,3Steve Jobs was full of _always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.Ainstruction BinvitationCintroduction Dinvention 4Its useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.Yes，its a major way of _ for them.Asuggestion BvacationCproduction Dcommunicatio

8、n 5Is this photo taken in Tibet?Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountains in the _ of the photo.Aform Bbackground Cshape Dinstruction 6Nowadays schools should care for the full _ of a students talents.Asatisfaction BdevelopmentCcommunication Dpreparation,D,D,B,B,7Its about _ from our school to my hou

9、se.A20 minutes walk B20 minutes walkCwalk of 20 minutes D20 minutes walks 8_ fathers didnt come to the meeting.Why? Because they have gone to Beijing.AJeffs and Amys BJeff and AmyCJeffs and Amy DJeff and Amys 9Are you sure this is a photo _， the famous comedy actress?It surprised you, didnt it? But

10、she was once really thin.AJia Ling BJia LingsCof Jia Ling Dof Jia Lings,A,A,C,专项 2 冠 词,考点1 不定冠词的用法,不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。其基本用法为： 1泛指某一类人、事或物，这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。如：I want to buy an English book.我想买一本英语书。 2泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物，以区别于其他种类。如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate

11、.一个男人正在学校门口等你。 3表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如：a girl一个女孩；an hour一个小时。 4用在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。如：a third time再一次，又一次。 5用在重量、长度、时间或单位名词前，表示“每一”，相当于every。如：once a week每周一次。,高频考点精讲,6用于叙述第一次出现的人或物前。如：This is a dictionary.这是一本词典。 7用于某些不可数名词前表示数量“一次，一阵，一份，一类”等。 8用在抽象名词前，表示具体情况，说明被介绍的对象是什么样的人或物。 9用于某些固定短语中。如：a few一

12、些，少数几个；have a good time玩得高兴；have a rest休息一会；take a look看一看；leave a message留口信。,考点2 定冠词的用法,1.特指有修饰语的或上文已提到的或谈话双方都知道的某人或某物。如：On the right there was a bed.And on the bed there was a toy.在右边有张床，在这张床上有个玩具。 2用在表示乐器的名词之前。如：She plays the piano well.她弹钢琴弹得很好。,3用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物；和某些形容词连用，表示一类人，在意义上常为复数；用在姓氏

13、的复数前，指一家人或夫妇。如：The dog is more useful than the cat.狗比猫更有用。the old老年人；the sick病人；the rich富人；the Smiths史密斯夫妇。 4用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前。如：the first floor一楼；the tallest tree最高的树。 5表示世界上独一无二的东西，用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉等名称前。如：the Changjiang River长江；the Pacific太平洋；the sun太阳；the world世界。 6用于某些固定搭配中。如：all the year round整年；i

14、n the end最后；on the whole总的来说，基本上；by the way顺便说一下；in the sun在阳光下；at the age of 在岁时。,考点3 冠词的混合考查,1.不定冠词a / an和定冠词the的混合考查。 2.零冠词和冠词的混合考查。,十年真题全练,十年来，潍坊市中考对冠词考查了十次，主要面向冠词a / an辨析和冠词的混合考查这两个考点，特别是在具体语境下对冠词用法辨析的考查，这就要求考生要在具体的语言环境下，准确把握冠词的用法；冠词的混合考查(不定冠词和定冠词混合)是未来对于冠词的考查方向。,考点1 不定冠词的用法,1.2008潍坊，17题Its _C_

15、 nice day，isnt it? Yes, what _ fine weather! Aa；a Bthe；the Ca；/ Dthe；/ 2.2010潍坊，16题Avatar(阿凡达)is such _A_ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _ second time. Aa；a Ba；the C/；the D/；a,3.2011潍坊，16题On March 11，2011 _ earthquake hit Japan. Aan Ba C/ Dthe 4.2014潍坊，16题Reading can make you

16、become_ expert and change your life. Aa Ban C/ Dthe 5.2017潍坊，21题What do you think of the boy? He is _ honest student today and _ useful man tomorrow. Aa；an Ban；a Can；an Da；a,A,B,B,考点3 冠词的混合用法 6.2009潍坊，16题_ amusement park you visited yesterday is kind of small，but its _ interesting one. AThe；the B/；a

17、 CThe；an DAn；the,C,72012潍坊，16题_ old man in _ brown coat over there is Mr.Jackson. AAn； a BAn；the CThe；a DThe；the 82013潍坊，16题I missed the beginning of _ cartoon The Lion King. What a pity! You should have left school half _ hour earlier. Aa；an Bthe；a Cthe；an Dan；the 92015潍坊，21题Who is _ girl in front

18、of the library? The one with _ umbrella? She is our monitor. Athe；a Bthe；an Ca；an Da；the 102016潍坊，21题_ chocolate bread you want is done now. What _ delicious smell! AA；the BA；不填 CThe；a DThe；不填,C,C,B,C,猜押预测,1_ apple a day keeps the doctor away.AA BAn CThe D/ 2This is _ new computer.Aa Ban C/ Dthe 3Di

19、d you have _ good time yesterday?Yeah，I really had _ fun at the party! Aa；/ Ba；the C/；the D/；a 4David is _ eightyearold boy with short black hair.A/ Ba Can Dthe 5Dong Guijun is _ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.He is _ pride of us.Athe；/ Ba；the Cthe；the Da；/,B,A,A,C,C,6

20、When is Fathers Day in the United States?Its on _ third Sunday in June.Aa Bthe C/ Dan 7What did you do last night，Bob? First I did my homework，and then I played _ piano for half _ hour.Athe；a B/；an Cthe；an Da；the 8Lucy is _ university student.She likes playing _ piano.Aa；/ Ba；the Can；the Dan；/ 9Do y

21、ou know _ girl with long curly hair?Yes，she is Mary.She plays _ piano very well.Aa；/ Bthe；/ Cthe；the Da；the 10Does your father go to work by _ car every day?No，he sometimes takes _ bus.Aa；the Bthe；a C不填；a Da；不填,B,B,C,C,C,专项 3 数 词,高频考点精讲,考点1 序数词的构成及用法,1.构成 序数词用于表示序列，常在基数词后加th构成，一般在序数词前加定冠词the。 基数词变序数

22、词规律： (1)第1至第19一般是在基数词后加th，但变化特殊的有：onefirst，twosecond，threethird，fivefifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelvetwelfth。 (2)逢十的twenty，thirty.ninety，分别改y为i并加上eth。如：twentytwentieth，ninetyninetieth。 (3)表示第几十几或第几百几十几，只需将个位数改为序数词。如：56fiftysixfiftysixth；635six hundred and thirtyfivesix hundred and thirtyfifth。,【助记】

23、基变序，有规律，末尾要加th， 一二三特殊记，结尾各是t，d，d， 八减t，九去e，f来把ve替， ty改为tie，然后再加th， 若是遇到几十几， 只变个位就可以。 2用法 (1)序数词前一般情况下必须加the。如：The first one is what I really need.第一个是我真正需要的。 (2)序数词前若有限定词，则不用加the。如：It is my second time to visit Beijing.这是我第二次去参观北京。 (3)序数词前也可以加不定冠词，表示“又一，再”。如：Weve tried it three times.Must we try it a

24、 fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了。还必须再试一次吗？,考点2 不确切数字的表达方法 hundred，thousand，million等数词前面有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，不加s。如：several million people 数百万人，two thousand teachers 两千位老师。但如表示“几百”“几千”“几百万”等笼统的数目时，则在其后加s，再加上of构成短语。如：hundreds of books 几百本书，thousands of workers 几千个工人。,考点3 分数、小数及百分数 1.分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，当分子大于1时，序数词

25、要用复数。1/2a / one half；1/3a / one third；1/4a / one fourth或a / one quarter；2/5two fifths。 2.小数是用基数词加小数点表示，小数点前面的数按基数词的规则读，小数点后面的数按个位基数词依次读出。如：0.5zero point five；0.006zero point zero zero six。 3.百分数是由基数词或小数加百分号组成，百分号(%)读作percent。如：0.6%zero point six percent；5%five percent。,十年真题全练,十年来，潍坊市中考对数词考查了两次，主要面向分

26、数构成和不确切数字这两个考点。序数词、分数和不确切数字是未来对于数词的考查方向。,考点3 分数、小数及百分数,1.2009潍坊，22题Nowadays _ of business letters are written in English. Atwo third Btwo thirds Ctwo three Dsecond three,B,考点2 不确切数字的表达方法,2.2017潍坊，26题“Food Safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently. Yeah，it receives _ Internet hits a day.

27、Athousands Bthousands of Cthousand Dhundreds,B,猜押预测,1We are going on holiday in the _ week of July.Atwo Btwice Csecond Dsecondly 2Meimei is going to be an older sister.Her parents are planning to have their _ child.Aone Btwo Cfirst Dsecond 3Its reported that people throw _ plastic bags along this st

28、reet every day.Ahundred Bhundreds Chundred of Dhundreds of 4The environment here becomes better and better._ birds are coming back.AThousands of BThousand ofCThousands DThousand,A,C,D,D,5_ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.AFifth two BTwo fifthCFifth second DTwo fifths 6A

29、recent survey shows that 35 out of 45 students in my class will save their phones first in a fire.About _ of the students made such a choice? Life is far more important，isnt it?Ahalf Bone thirdCtwo thirds Dthree quarters 7Boys and girls，please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture.AFifth；five BFi

30、ve；fiveCFifth；fifth DFive；fifth,D,D,D,8_ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school.ATwo fifth BOne thirdsCThree fifth DThree quarters 9Although you failed four times，I hope you can have _ try.Thank you，I will.Athe fifth Ba fifthCthe fourth Da fourth 10A quarter to four is _A3：15 B3：45 C4：15 D3

31、：30,B,D,B,专项 4 代 词,高频考点精讲,考点1 人称代词、物主代词及用法,1.人称代词的用法 人称代词主格在句子中作主语，用在动词前。宾格在句中作宾语，用在动词或介词后；也可以作表语，用在系动词后。如：We have never been there.我们从未去过那儿。Can you look after her while Im away? 我不在时，你能照顾一下她吗？Lets go and find him.让我们去找他吧。Whos the boy in the picture? 照片中的男孩是谁？Its me.是我。 2物主代词的用法 (1)形容词性物主代词在句子中只能作定语

32、，放在名词之前，不能单独使用。如：Hes my best friend.他是我最好的朋友。 (2)名词性物主代词在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语，相当于名词，后面不能跟名词。如：Whose book is this？这是谁的书？Its mine.是我的。 (3)形容词性物主代词可以和own连用，后面可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。如：I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼所见。,考点2 反身代词及用法,1.反身代词在句中，跟在动词或介词后作宾语。如：He can take care of himself.他能照顾他自己。 2反身代词在句中，跟在系动词后作表语。如：The poor

33、boy in the story was myself.故事中的那个可怜的男孩是我自己。 3反身代词在句中，跟在名词或代词后或放在句末作同位语。如：I myself did it.I did it myself.我自己做的。,反身代词在中考中涉及到介词后的词义辨析，应牢记对应词的基本意义。另外还要熟悉常见的固定搭配。如：help oneself to “随便吃”；enjoy oneself “玩得愉快”；teach oneself “自学”；by oneself “单独地，独自地”；dress oneself“自己穿衣服”。,考点3 不定代词,1.普通不定代词 some，any，no，few，

34、little，none，many，much，either，neither，one，each，every，another，both，all，other。 either / neither / none / no one的区别： either指(两者中的)任何一个。后面的主语用单数，谓语动词也用单数。neither指两者任何一个都不，修饰可数名词单数。none指(三个或三个以上的)人或物一个也没有。作代词时，在句中一般作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词则可用单数或复数形式。none多与of连用，表示对三个及三个以上的人或物的否定。no one只

35、指人，一般不与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。,2复合不定代词,复合不定代词的用法： 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。由some构成的不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。由some构成的不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表明特殊用意。当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。,3不定代词中的指代数量,考点4 指示代词,十年真题全练,十年来，潍坊市中考对代词考查了十四次，主要面向人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词和指示代词这几个考点。人称代词、物主代词、不定代词是未来对于代词的主要考查方向。

36、,考点1 人称代词、物主代词及用法,1.2011潍坊，18题 It cant be Lucys bike.Look! _ is under the tree. AShe BHer CHers DShes 22012潍坊，19题 My first teacher，Ms.Yao，was very strict with _ Aus Bwe Cour Dours 32015潍坊，23题 Lucys strawberries are fresher than _ AI Bme Cmy Dmine,C,A,D,考点2 反身代词及用法,4.2011潍坊，20题Teenagers should learn

37、to protect _ from all kinds of dangers. Athem Bthey Ctheir Dthemselves 52013潍坊，19题The song I Believe I Can Fly tells us that believing in _ is very important. Athemselves Bitself Courselves Dyourselves 62016潍坊，24题Peter doesnt feel sure of _ in his new school. Ahe Bhim Chis Dhimself,D,C,D,考点3 不定代词,7.

38、2009潍坊，19题“Have _ try，you are so close to the answer，” the teacher encourages the kids.Athe other Bone another Cother Danother 82010潍坊，27题Would you like tea or coffee? _ is OK.I really dont mind. ANone BEither CNeither DBoth 92012潍坊，22题Lincoln came from nothing，yet he did _ that changed the world. A

39、something Bnothing Ceverything Danything 102013潍坊，28题I have two sisters，but _ of them is a teacher. Aall Bneither Cboth Dnone 112014潍坊，17题A smile costs _，but gives so much.So we should learn to smile. Asomething Banything Cnothing Deverything,D,B,A,B,C,考点4 指示代词,12.2008潍坊，19题The machines made in Chin

40、a are cheaper than _ made in Japan. Aones Bthat Cthose Dit 132010潍坊，18题Im expecting a pet dog for long，but Mom has no time to buy _ for me. Ait Bone Cthis Dthat 142011潍坊，17题The banana pie tastes delicious.Could I have another _？ Aone Bit Cthis Dthat,C,B,A,猜押预测,1Nancy and Kate are good friends._ are

41、both from England.AWe BYou CThey DHe 2Hi，Sara.Is this _ English book?No._ is on the desk.Ayour；Mine Byour；MyCyours；Mine Dyours；My 3Heres a box of chocolate on our desk.For me or for your mom?Its _，Dad.Happy Fathers Day!Ahers Bher Cyours Dyou 4What a nice model plane! Thanks.I made it with 3D printer

42、 by _.Ame Bhim Citself Dmyself 5If we just think about _，the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.Amyself Bhimself Cyourself Dourselves,D,C,A,C,D,6Im sorry I know _ about it.Its a secret between them.Anothing Bsomething Canything Deverything 7The twins look exactly the same._ of them are in

43、 my class.AEach BBoth CEither DNone 8Do you know who taught _ Russian?Nobody.He learned it by _Ahis；himself Bhim；himChim；himself Dhis；him 9Is there _ beef in the fridge?No，there isnt.There is _ pork.Asome；any Bany；anyCsome；some Dany；some 10My father is a worker._ is very kind.AHe BShe CHis DIt,A,B,C

44、,D,A,11Do you have toys? Id like to buy _ for my cousin.Ait Bone Cthis Dthat 12I cant find my ticket.I think I must have lost _Ait Bone Cthis Dthem 13I want to buy some books，but I cant find a bookstore.I know _ nearby.Let me show you.Athat Bit Cone Dany,B,A,C,专项 5 介 词,高频考点精讲,考点1 表时间介词的辨析,1.at 表示具体的

45、时间点。如：at six oclock在六点；at half past four在四点半。at 还常用在一些固定短语中。 at New Year 在新年；at the age of 在岁时；at the end of 在最后；at first 起初。 2in (1)表示时间：与年、月、日、周、季节、早晨、下午或晚上等名词连用。如：in 2016 在2016年；in September 在九月份；in the morning在上午。 (2)“in时间段”表示将来，意为“(时间)以后”。 3on 表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午或晚上。如：on Sunday在星期天；on March 2nd在三月二

46、号；on Tuesday afternoon在星期二下午；on a hot morning在一个炎热的早晨。,4before，after before“在之前”，after“在之后”，常用于时间点前。 5by “by时间点”表示“在以前，到为止”。如果后跟将来的时间点，句子应用一般将来时；如果后跟过去的时间点，句子应用过去完成时。 6during during后可接特定的某一段时间，即during时间段，表示“在期间”，常与一般过去时连用，表示某个期间的动作。 7until untiltill，意为“直到(时候)”，后接时间点，常用于not.until.结构中，表示“直到才”，until后接时

47、间点。 8since since表示“自从以来(直到现在)”，主句是现在完成时，后可接过去的时间或一般过去时从句。,考点2 表地点介词的辨析,1.at，in，on at较小地点；in较大地点。如：at the bus stop在公共汽车站，in Beijing在北京。on表示“在上面”，表示和物体表面相接触。on表示地理位置时，意为“濒临，紧挨着”。 2in front of，behind，in the front of，at the back of表示“前后” in front of常指位置“在的前面/正面”，其反义词为behind“在后面”。in the front of也指位置，“在前部”，指一物体在另一物体的内部的前方，其反义词为at the back of“在后面”。 3in，inside，outside，into，out of表示“里外” in“在内部”。inside“在里面，到里面”，反义词为outside“在外面”。into“到内”，反义词为out of“到外面”。,