2019版高考英语大二轮复习第四部分完形填空专题十八说明文完形填空议论文完形填空优选习题.doc

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1、1专题十八 说明文完形填空+议论文完形填空A(2018四川德阳一诊)I live in a rural community,different from a city because there are 1 people.My home is deep in a valley 2 by mountains that are rocky. 3 many farms are located in rural areas because they require large plots of land to grow food or 4 farm animals,in my community th

2、e mountains and 5 soil make it difficult to farm.This is one 6 why few people live in my area. Since we have a lot of 7 ,we get to have horses and chickens.My family 8 eggs from the chickens for breakfast.We also lose electricity a lot because the trees fall on power lines whenever theres a 9 .In my

3、 community,people keep battery-powered flashlights and oil lamps stored in case the lights 10 .Some people also use a machine to generates electricity from gasolinewhenever there are 11 . Going to school in a rural area means having fewer classmates and 12 longer distances.To get to my high school,I

4、 must drive forty miles to the 13 city.This means I must get up much earlier than my 14 classmates in order to be on time.The roads in my community arent paved with asphalt(沥青) either,so during storms they 15 become too muddy or snowy to pass.In cities a snowplow(扫雪机) 16 quickly,but areas where fewe

5、r people live arent the priority(优先),so days can pass before a snowplow 17 the road.Sometimes I must miss school because storms make it 18 to drive. I am not sure 19 if I want to live in the country or in the city when I grow up,where it can get 20 ,although I do love being around our animals. 2【语篇解

6、读】本文是说明文。作者通过自己的亲身经历,和城市进行对比,分析了在农村居住的好处和不足。1.A.few B.manyC.fewer D.more答案 C解析 文化常识题。根据常识可知,农村地区和城市相比人口比较少,所以答案为 C项。2.A.surrounded B.hiddenC.shadowed D.enriched答案 A解析 词义辨析题。A 项“包围”;B 项“隐藏”;C 项“遮蔽”;D 项“使丰富”。根据“deep in a valley”和“by mountains”可知,作者的家在被山包围的山谷深处,所以答案为 A项。3.A.When B.WhileC.Because D.If答案

7、 B解析 语法功能题。上句说农村人少偏僻,下句说许多农场都在农村地区,前后句是转折关系,所以选择 B项。4.A.feed B.growC.train D.house答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“喂养,饲养”;B 项“种植”;C 项“培养,训练”;D 项“提供房子或住处”。此处指农场需要大块的土地来种粮食和给家畜提供场地,所以选择 D项。5.A.rich B.muddyC.rocky D.snowy答案 C解析 行文逻辑题。根据上文“My home is deep in a valley 2 by mountains that are rocky”可知,此处指在作者的家乡,山脉和岩石土壤使农

8、场难以耕种。形容词 rocky在文中重复出现。答案为 C项。 6.A.explanation B.causeC.excuse D.reason答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“解释”;B 项“起因,原因”;C 项“借口,理由”;D 项“原因”。家乡的土壤不适合耕种,这是家乡人少的原因。reason 后通常可以接 why引导的定语从句,cause 不能,所以答案为 D项。7.A.space B.roomC.place D.land答案 A3解析 词义辨析题。根据后文的“we get to have horses and chickens”可知,乡村需要很大的空间来饲养马和鸡。space 和 ro

9、om均可表示“空间”,但 room更强调供人使用的地方和空间,所以答案为 A项。8.A.lays B.harvestsC.buys D.picks答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“产卵,放置”;B 项“收获”;C 项“买”;D 项“摘,取,挖,采”。作者家养着鸡,所以收获鸡蛋作为早餐。答案为 B项。9.A.storm B.thunderC.lighting D.shower答案 A解析 文化常识题。A 项“暴风雨”;B 项“雷”;C 项“闪电”;D 项“阵雨”。家里经常停电,因为每当有暴风雨的时候,树会被刮到电线上造成停电。根据常识判断,只有 storm伴随强风,所以答案为 A项。10.A.p

10、ut out B.wear outC.run out D.go out答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“扑灭,熄灭”;B 项“磨损,穿破”;C 项“用光,耗尽”;D 项“熄灭”。此处指因为停电灯熄灭,所以答案为 D项。11.A.dangers B.risksC.emergencies D.incidents答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“危险”;B 项“冒险”;C 项“紧急或突发事件”;D 项“事件”。有紧急事件时,会使用一种汽油发电机发电。答案为 C项。12.A.walking B.runningC.driving D.traveling答案 D解析 文化常识题。在农村上学意味着较少的同学

11、和走较远的路程,因为人烟稀少,学校少,所以上学很远。此处并没有说上学的具体交通方式,只是总的说,所以答案为 D项。13.A.nearby B.distantC.nearest D.farthest答案 C解析 文化常识题。即便是到最近的城市上高中作者也要开车 40英里,这是为了突出农村人烟稀少,地广人稀。答案为 C项。14.A.rural B.cityC.old D.new答案 B4解析 行文逻辑题。为了按时上学,作者必须比城市里的同学更早起床。文章是把农村和城市进行比较,所以答案为 B项。15.A.can B.mayC.must D.should答案 A解析 词义辨析题。农村的道路不是沥青路

12、,所以雨雪天会变得非常泥泞。根据句意可知答案为 A项。16.A.comes by B.comes aboutC.comes to D.comes out答案 A解析 词义辨析题。A 项“路过,经过”;B 项“发生”;C 项“谈到,提到”;D 项“出现,出版”。在城市里,下雪后扫雪机会很快经过,把雪扫干净。答案为 A项。17.A.cleans B.digsC.clears D.covers答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“清扫”;B 项“挖”;C 项“清除,弄干净”;D 项“覆盖,走完一段路程,足够支付”。此处指扫雪机清除积雪,使路面干净。动词 clean和 clear作为动词意思接近,但 cl

13、ean更强调动作,而 clear则更强调结果。答案为 C项。18.A.likely B.necessaryC.improper D.impossible答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“很可能的”;B 项“必要的”;C 项“不正确的,不适当的”;D 项“不可能的”。因为农村道路雨雪后泥泞,不能开车,这使得作者不能去上学,所以答案为 D项。19.A.still B.yetC.even D.as答案 B解析 行文逻辑题。根据后文“if I want to live in the country or in the city when I grow up.”可知,作者现在仍然不确定将来长大后是生活在

14、城市还是农村。选项中 still和 yet均可表示“仍然,依旧”,但 still常用于肯定句中,表示“某事正在进行中”,一般与现在时态或进行时态连用。也可用在疑问句或否定句中,在否定句中须放在否定词 not之前;yet 表示“某事尚未发生”,多用于否定句或带否定词的陈述句中。此句为否定句,且 not在前,所以答案为 B项。20.A.quiet B.lonelyC.alone D.busy答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“安静的”;B 项“孤独寂寞的”;C 项“独自地,单独地”;D 项“忙碌的”。因为农村人少,所以尽管作者喜欢和动物在一起,但农村会让人寂寞。答案为 B项。B5(2018江西质检)

15、There are too many fat people in America,so many Americans are fighting against overweight.But the 1 thing is that the French,who consume rich food, 2 to stay thin.Now a 3 by Cornell University suggests 4 life style and decisions about 5 may affect weight.Researchers concluded that the French tend t

16、o stop eating when they feel 6 .However,Americans tend to stop when their 7 are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr.Joseph Mercola,a 8 expert,the French see eating 9 an important part of their life style.They enjoy food and therefore spend a 10 time at the table,while Americans

17、see eating as 11 to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans 12 the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have 13 .In addition,he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 14 foods fo

18、r the week.The French, 15 tend to shop daily,walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a 16 of fresh fruits,vegetables,and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States,Mireille Guiliano,author of French Women Dont Get Fat,decided to 17 about t

19、he importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 18 .Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent life style 19 may be affecting French eating habits.Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)or extreme overweig

20、htamong adults is only 6%.However,as American fast food gains 20 and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%and is growing. 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章通过对比,介绍了法国人吃大量油腻食品,但仍然保持苗条身材的原因。1.A.present B.naturalC.strange D.modern答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“出席的,在场的,目前的”;B 项“自然的,天然的

21、”;C 项“奇怪的”;D 项“现代的”。很多美国人超重。但是,令人奇怪的是,法国人也吃大量的油腻食品,但却仍然保持很瘦的身材。答案为 C项。2.A.continue B.moveC.try D.expand答案 A解析 词义辨析题。A 项“继续,维持原状”;B 项“移动,搬家”;C 项“努力,尝试”;D 项“扩展,扩大,扩充”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为 A项。63.A.research B.novelC.book D.newspaper答案 A解析 行文逻辑题。根据下文中的“researchers”及该句句意可知,Cornell 大学研究生活方式和对食物的决定如何影响体重。答案为 A项。4.

22、A.that B.whatC.how D.when答案 C解析 语法功能题。根据上一题的分析可知答案为 C项 how,强调方式和程度。5.A.working B.livingC.studying D.eating答案 D解析 行文逻辑题。根据全文内容可知,生活方式和关于吃的决定可能会影响体重,且动词 eat在文中重复多次,所以答案为 D项。6.A.sensitive B.sadC.happy D.full答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“敏感的”;B 项“悲伤的”;C 项“高兴的,幸福的,满意的”;D 项“满的,充实的”。当法国人感到吃饱了的时候,他们就不再吃东西了。答案为 D项。7.A.po

23、ckets B.refrigeratorsC.houses D.plates答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“口袋”;B 项“冰箱”;C 项“房子”;D 项“盘子”。但是,美国人只有在盘子里空了(即没有东西可吃了)或者他们最喜欢的电视节目结束的时候他们才停止吃东西。答案为 D项。8.A.education B.healthC.literature D.speech答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“教育”;B 项“健康”;C 项“文学”;D 项“演讲,讲话”。根据下文中Dr.Joseph Mercola的观点可知,他是一位健康专家,所以答案为 B项。9.A.into B.asC.inside D

24、.to答案 B解析 语法功能题。法国人将吃看作他们生活方式中非常重要的一部分。see.as.“将看作”,是固定搭配,且和下一句中的“Americans see eating as 11 to be squeezed”表达一致。答案为 B项。 10.A.fairly long B.fairly shortC.very exciting D.rather fast7答案 A解析 词义辨析题。法国人喜欢食物,所以他们会花相当长的时间在餐桌旁。答案为 A项。11.A.anything B.somethingC.everything D.nothing答案 B解析 词义辨析题。句意:美国人将吃看作一件在

25、其他日常活动中挤出来的事情。根据句意可知答案为 B项。12.A.get B.bringC.lose D.receive答案 C解析 词义辨析题。根据下文中的“they keep eating long”可知,当美国人实际上已经饱了的时候,他们却感觉不到(自己已经吃饱了),所以答案为 C项。lose the ability to sense.“丧失感觉能力”。13.A.kept B.enjoyedC.went D.stopped答案 D解析 词义辨析题。美国人感受不到自己已经吃饱了,所以他们会一直吃很长时间,这远远超过了法国人停止吃食物的时间。答案为 D项。14.A.hot B.coolC.wa

26、rm D.frozen答案 D解析 文化常识题。根据句中“for the week”可知,美国人往往会开车去大超市买一周吃的罐装和冷冻食品。常识判断只有罐装食品和冷冻食品才可以保存较长时间,所以答案为 D项。15.A.therefore B.insteadC.however D.merely答案 B解析 行文逻辑题。和美国人相比,相反地,法国人却每天都去购物,步行到小的商店去买新鲜的水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。此题容易误选 however“然而,可是”,但 instead更强调前后对比关系,所以答案为 B项。16.A.choice B.messageC.order D.number答案 A解析 词

27、义辨析题。A 项“选择”;B 项“信息”;C 项“命令,订购,点菜”;D 项“数目,数字”。法国人往往会选择新鲜水果、蔬菜和鸡蛋等食物。答案为 A项。17.A.write B.readC.speak D.think答案 A8解析 词义辨析题。根据前文中的“author of French Women Dont Get fat”可知,Mireille Guiliano是一位作家,所以她决定写关于知道何时停止吃东西的重要性。答案为 A项。18.A.fruit B.foodC.oil D.egg答案 B解析 词义辨析题。Mireille Guiliano 决定写关于何时停止吃东西而不是建议人们如何避

28、免吃某些食物。答案为 B项。19.A.examples B.traditionC.changes D.stories答案 C解析 词义辨析题。根据下文“However,as American fast food gains 20 and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%and is growing.”可知,随着美国快餐逐渐被法国人接受及法国年轻人拒绝传统饮食,生活方式的变换可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。答案为 C项。 20.A.failure B.suc

29、cessC.acceptance D.rejection答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“失败”;B 项“成功”;C 项“接受”;D 项“拒绝”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为 C项。C(2018安徽黄山一模)History has some very special qualities about it.It is a 1 of what has happened in the past,and the really interesting thing is that much of history has been 2 time and again.It allows us to learn

30、from the past,both the 3 made and the successes achieved. One of the 4 of history is that it allows us to know how famous people 5 when they were faced with challenges in their life. 6 these challenges happened at a certain time in the past or in a 7 country or culture,all of them can always teach u

31、s something 8 . Take for example the 9 of Thomas Edison and how many times he 10 while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb.He could be held out as an example of a person who 11 stopped trying.I am sure he was 12 by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him.He had a 13 and he ju

32、st kept trying until he reached success. Or,think about the story of Abraham Lincoln who 14 to become President of the United States even though he suffered 15 losses.Most of us only know about his 9success. 16 ,his life was not an easy one.His story makes us keep moving forward no matter what 17 we

33、 have in life. These true history stories will make you stop to reconsider 18 or going after your dreams even though you may not think you have the courage or the 19 for now to get what you have always wanted.They could help you make decisions and 20 when you have no idea what to do.They could inspi

34、re you to be all that you can be. 【语篇解读】本文是议论文。唐太宗曾经说过:“以铜为鉴,可正衣冠;以古为鉴,可知兴替;以人为鉴,可明得失。”本文引用历史著名人物的事迹给我们启示,鼓励人们不要轻言放弃。1.A.note B.recordC.chance D.belief答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“笔记,音符,钞票,便条”;B 项“记录”;C 项“机会,可能性”;D 项“相信,信念”。句意:历史记录了过去发生的事情,并且真正有意思的是历史上很多事情总是一再重复上演。根据句意可知答案为 B项。2.A.reported B.expectedC.repeated

35、D.corrected答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“报道”;B 项“期待,料想”;C 项“重复”;D 项“改正,更正”。根据后面的“time and again”及上一题的分析可知答案为 C项。3.A.mistakes B.jokesC.agreements D.challenges答案 A解析 行文逻辑题。A 项“错误”;B 项“玩笑”;C 项“同意,协议,一致”;D 项“挑战”。根据后面的“the successes achieved”可知,历史可以让我们从过去犯的错误和取得的成功中学到东西。make mistakes“犯错误”。答案为 A项。4.A.events B.periodsC

36、.problems D.advantages答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“大事,体育赛事”;B 项“期间”;C 项“问题”;D 项“优点,优势,益处”。根据后面“it allows us to know how famous people 5 when they were faced with challenges in their life.”可知,历史能让我们知道名人在面对挑战时作何反应,这是历史给我们带来的好处,所以选择 D项。 5.A.studied B.reactedC.competed D.explored答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“学习,研究”;B 项“反映”;C 项“

37、竞争”;D 项“探索”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为 B项。6.A.Although B.Because10C.Unless D.Whether答案 A解析 语法功能题。句意:尽管这些挑战发生在过去的某个时期,不同的国家或文化背景中,它们都可以给我们带来有用的启示。根据句意可知这里需要引导让步状语从句,所以答案为 A项。7.A.developed B.poorC.different D.popular答案 C解析 文化常识题。A 项“发达的,先进的”;B 项“差的,穷的,可怜的”;C 项“不同的”;D 项“流行的,受欢迎的”。根据常识判断,这些历史名人遇到的各种挑战不可能只发生在同一国家和文化背

38、景下,所以答案为 C项。8.A.clear B.simpleC.special D.useful答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“清楚的”;B 项“简单的”;C 项“特殊的”;D 项“有用的”。根据下文举的两个例子可知,作者想要表达历史名人应对挑战的故事给我们带来的是有用的启示,所以答案为D项。9.A.name B.storyC.position D.character答案 B解析 行文逻辑题。根据下一段首句“Or,think about the story of Abraham Lincoln”可知,作者举了两个历史名人面对挑战的故事,所以答案为 B项。名词 story在文中重复使用,所以答

39、案为B项。10.A.failed B.watchedC.escaped D.travelled答案 A解析 词义辨析题。A 项“失败”;B 项“观察,看,留神”;C 项“逃跑,逃避”;D 项“旅行,行进”。根据下文“He could be held out as an example of a person who 11 stopped trying.I am sure he was 12 by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him.”可知,爱迪生在发明灯泡的过程中经历过多次失败,但他从来没有停止尝试,所以答案为 A项。 11.

40、A.also B.oftenC.still D.never答案 D解析 词义辨析题。根据上一题的分析可知答案为 D项。12.A.shocked B.beatenC.discouraged D.controlled答案 C11解析 词义辨析题。A 项“震惊的”;B 项“被打败的”;C 项“泄气的”;D 项“被控制的”。根据后面的“but he did not let them stop him.”可知,爱迪生虽然失败多次,经历失败时肯定也会感觉泄气,但他从未放弃。答案为 C项。13.A.job B.dreamC.duty D.power答案 B解析 词义辨析题。根据后面“he just kept

41、 trying until he reached success.”可知,爱迪生不断尝试直到成功为止,这是实现梦想的过程,所以选择 B项。14.A.happened B.preparedC.pretended D.managed答案 D解析 文化常识题。A 项“发生,碰巧”;B 项“准备”;C 项“假装”;D 项“经营管理,设法做成”。根据常识可知,林肯最后成为美国总统。manage to do“设法做成”。答案为 D项。15.A.hearing B.weightC.personal D.slight答案 A解析 文化常识题。A 项“听力的”;B 项“重量,体重”;C 项“私人的,人事的”;D

42、 项“轻微的,微小的”。根据常识可知,尽管林肯听力受损,但依然成为了美国总统,所以答案为 A项。16.A.In fact B.As usualC.In all D.After all答案 A解析 词义辨析题。A 项“事实上,实际上”;B 项“像往常一样”;C 项“总共,总计”;D 项“毕竟,终究,别忘了”。根据上一句“Most of us only know about his success.”可知,我们多数人只知道林肯总统成功的一面,但是事实上他的生活并不是一帆风顺的。答案为 A项。17.A.directions B.improvementsC.permissions D.difficul

43、ties答案 D解析 词义辨析题。A 项“方向,指导”;B 项“改善,提高”;C 项“许可”;D 项“困难”。句意:他的故事能让我们不断前进,不管在生活中遇到什么困难。根据句意可知答案为 D项。18.A.passing by B.giving upC.setting off D.calming down答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“路过”;B 项“放弃,停止”;C 项“动身,引爆”;D 项“冷静,镇定”。句意:这些真实的历史故事让我们停下来重新考虑我们是否要放弃。根据句意可知答案为 B项。19.A.ability B.habitC.goal D.choice答案 A12解析 词义辨析题。A

44、 项“能力”;B 项“习惯”;C 项“目标”;D 项“选择”。根据前面的“courage”可知应该选择 A项 ability,意思是“勇气和能力”。答案为 A项。20.A.introductions B.conversationsC.judgement D.impressions答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“介绍”;B 项“对话”;C 项“判断”;D 项“表达”。根据后面“when you have no idea what to do”可知,当你不知道该做什么的时候,这些名人故事能帮助你做出决定和判断。答案为 C项。D(2018安徽安庆三模)During the Nov.11 shopp

45、ing event,many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge.But what normally 1 the shopping spree(疯狂购物) is not 2 but regret.Thats because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts,but accumulating things actually 4 the burden in their minds.

46、The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 to the problem.Danshari was based on three Chinese characters,duan-she-li, 6 refusal,disposal(清除) and separation.It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 possessions.There are two basic rules that 9 whet

47、her you should keep somethingthe relationship between you and the item under 10 as well as the timing.So before you 11 your payment password for something,ask yourself two questions:Do I 12 it now?Does it suit me? Danshari encourages you not only to 13 yourself things,but to give up the unreasonable

48、 desire associated with owning them.Nowadays,people need to learn to 14 their daily lives.Buy only the necessities and 15 items,regularly 16 things you dont need any more,then youll get freedom in your heart. However,it doesnt mean that you should 17 your desire and live a less interesting life.Inst

49、ead,you should 18 yourself rather than material goods.Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of,you can see a deeper reflection of yourself, 20 learning to make wise decisions about more important things. 13【语篇解读】本文是议论文。疯狂购物过后,随之而来的并不是满意,而是后悔。因为许多人买东西,仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。“断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。通过选择买什么和去掉什么,你可以看到一个更深层的自己,要学会对更重要的事情做明智的决定。1.A.prevents B.followsC.starts D.promotes答案 B解析 词义辨析题。A 项“阻止,防止,预防”;B 项“跟随,接着,随着,跟着学”;C 项“开始,发起”;D项“促进,晋升,提拔”。根据后文“but regret”可知,疯狂购物之后随之而来的是后悔,而不是满足,所以选择 B项。2.A.expectation B.wealthC.satisfaction D.relief答案 C解析 词义辨析题。A 项“期待,盼望”;B 项“财富,财产”;C