北京市朝阳区2019年中考英语二轮复习完形填空专讲专练.doc

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1、1完形填空专讲专练Ronnys Book1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊” ，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分，给小例句提示。并标记出

2、学生的实际掌握情况（优良差） 】单词 词性及词义 示例 备注 掌握名 师点拨教 学目标2情况volunteer v. 自愿做 n.志愿者I volunteered as the Reading Mom in the first-grade classroom.相关词：voluntaryway n.1)道路 2)方法 3)方面speech n. 1)演说 2)说话的能力He had a speech problemimprove v.提高；改善silent adj.沉默的；安静的相关词：silenceclose v.关闭 adj. 1)接近的 2)亲密的adv. 靠近；紧挨着He sat ver

3、y close to me相关词：closedstruggle v./n.努力;战斗;挣扎he struggled(努力) to read out.hold v.1)抓住;握住 2)坚持住3)举行 4)认为I held an awards ceremony.they hold the world responsible for the consequence (后果).3tear n.眼泪v.撕掉the order form torn from the catalog(商品目录)leave v. 1)离开 2)留下 3)丢下leaving hints to my parentsIt never

4、 left his hands.return v./n.1)回来 2)归还 3)恢复I returned to the school to visitplace n.地点；地方；地位v.放置I walked towards Ronny, and placed my hand on his shouldersatisfaction n.满意；满足 相关词：satisfy; satisfied; satisfying; satisfactorycontribution n.1)贡献 2)捐款 相关词：contribute; contributordisadvantaged adj.弱势的 相关词：

5、disadvantage; advantagecare n.照顾;小心v.关注;关心相关词：careful; carelessturn v. 转身;转弯;翻书;变成n. 转弯;(依次轮到)的机会; 转变Please wait your turn.The weather turned cold.refuse v.拒绝 相关词：turn down4manage v.设法做成;能解决;管理We managed to get to the airport in time. manage a weak smile(强颜欢笑)相关词：manageable; management; manager prid

6、e n.自豪;骄傲;自尊心相关词：proudpromise v./n.承诺cover v. 1) 覆盖 2)设计 3)报道covering middle school eventsshare v.共用;分享;分担n.一份share informationEveryone must accept their share of the blame.present adj.当前的;出席的n. 礼物;目前v.颁发;赠送;展现His friends presented him with a set of golf clubs.You need to present yourself better.相关词

7、：at presentnotice n.注意;通知 v.注意到realize v.意识到serious adj.严重的;严肃的;须重视的nervous adj.紧张的；忧虑的5let go of 放开keep back 抑制;阻挡;隐瞒 Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny.make a difference有影响;起(重要)作用二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。 】1. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he

8、was opening a treasure (that)nobody had ever seen.结构分析：_本句含有“as if”引导的状语从句，意为“好像；仿佛” ，状语从句中含有省略 that 的定语从句，修饰 treasure，表示“的” 。句子翻译：_他在我身边坐下，翻开书，仿佛他在打开一个从未见过的宝藏。仿句练习：她听的很认真，就好像她在学习一些她从未学过的知识。_She listened carefully as if she was learning something that she had never known. 2. He hasnt put that book d

9、own since you gave it to him.6结构分析：_本句含有“since”引导的时间状语从句，意为“自从” ，需注意主句要用现在完成时。句子翻译：_自从你把这本书给他以后他就再也没有放下过这本书。仿句练习：我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。_I have known him ever since I was a child.3. Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?”结

10、构分析：_本句 1. 含有“doing”做伴随状语的结构； 2.主干部分是“walk; place; ask”的并列谓语结构，表示动作依次发生。句子翻译：_收回眼泪，我走向 Ronny，将我的手放在他的肩上，并说到“Ronny，能为我读一读你的书吗？”仿句练习：说说笑笑着，我们站了起来，跑过田野，追逐蝴蝶。_7_Talking and laughing, we stood up, ran across the field, and chased butterflies.4. What a powerful contribution the writer of that Little Golde

11、n Book had made in the life of a disadvantaged child.结构分析：_本句是“what”引导的感叹句，即“what + a/an + adj. +n.+主+谓” ；并且含有短语“make a contribution”表示“（对）做出贡献” 。句子翻译：_Little Golden Book（金色童书系列）的作者在一个弱势的孩子的生活中产生了多么强有力的影响。仿句练习：我们在海滨度过一个多么精彩的暑假啊！_What a wonderful summer vacation we have spent at the seaside. 5. At th

12、at moment, I knew (that) I would get _40_ about my own writing and do what that writer had done, and probably still does care enough to write a story that changes a childs life, care enough to make a difference.结构分析：_本句含有 1. 省略 that 的宾语从句 2. what 引导的宾语从句 3. “does care”中的8“does”起强调作用，意为“确实” 4.that 引导

13、的定语从句修饰名词 story。句子翻译：_在那一刻，我知道我要_对待自己的写作，做那位作家一样的事情，并且尽可能的有确实足够多的爱心写出改变孩子一生的故事，有确实足够多的爱心去产生影响。仿句练习：我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富而且他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(定从)_We students should often exchange ideas with our parents who are rich in experience and love us most in the world.9方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。 ”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于

14、完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤10第一步通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如 but 出现后就说明句子强调的重点是 but 后面的内容；再如代词 it 指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。第二步瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略

15、会在下一部分详细描述】第三步再读文章，核查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法 方法一：词汇复现法解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如 protect 和 protection)、同义词/近义词(如 road 和 trail)、反义词(如 wrong 和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如adult 是 my father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。例题 例 1：He is very kind and

16、 friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选 D。】例 2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more

17、 and more _. 11A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选 A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法 方法二：上下文推理法解释 “上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题 例：When we talke

18、d, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文 “each class lasts fifty minutes

19、 in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是 50 分钟，中国每节课是 40 分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选 B。】方法 方法三：逻辑推理法解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如 and 表并列，but 和 however 表转折，so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。12例题 例 1：My youngest cous

20、in likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选 C。】方法 方法四：文化背景常识法解释 “文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识

21、帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. sm

22、aller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第 1 题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选 A. biggest。第 2 题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选 C. sea。】方法 方法五：固定搭配法解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。13例题 例 1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time

23、to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to 注意”，故选 D。】例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“ta

24、ke photos 拍照”，故选 D。】障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主语篇精讲14要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（朝阳一模）Ronnys BookRonny looked like every other kid in the first-grade classroom where I volunteered as the Reading Mom. However, Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways. He had a speech problem so he couldn

25、t _31_ like other kids in his grade.I worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills. On the days when it was Ronnys _32_, Id give him a silent smile, and hed fly out of his chair. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure no

26、body had ever seen.I watched his fingers move slowly under each letter as he struggled(努力) to read out. Every time he _33_ to read a word with a strange pronunciation, the biggest smile would spread across his face and his eyes would shine with _34_ . It broke my heart each and every time.A few week

27、s before the school year ended, I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. Tears (眼泪）ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of

28、 the _36_, not once. It never left his hands.A few days later, I returned to the school to visit. I _37_ Ronny on a chair near the playground, the book open in his lap. His teacher said, “ He hasnt put that book down since you gave it to him. Do you know thats his first book hes ever actually owned?

29、”Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?” And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more _38_ than Id ever thought possible 15from him. The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands

30、 of times already. When he finished reading, Ronny closed his book and said with great satisfaction, “_39_ book!“What a powerful contribution (贡献）the writer of that Little Golden Book had made in the life of a disadvantaged child. At that moment, I knew I would get _40_ about my own writing and do w

31、hat that writer had done, and probably still does care enough to write a story that changes a childs life, care enough to make a difference.文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Ronny; speech problem; struggled(努力) to read out; a book; make a difference参考答案：With the writer and the teachers help, Ronny, a boy with s

32、peech problem, can read the book more clearly. Through Ronnys story, the writer knew what he had to do as a writer.【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习16话题 体裁 词数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 难度人物故事类记叙文 427 12-15 分钟 _/10（朝阳一模）Ronnys BookRonny looked like every other kid in the first-grade classroom where I volunteered as th

33、e Reading Mom. However, Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways. He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade.I worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills. On the days when it was Ronnys _32_, Id give him a silent sm

34、ile, and hed fly out of his chair. He sat very close to me and opened the book as if he was opening a treasure nobody had ever seen.I watched his fingers move slowly under each letter as he struggled(努力) to read out. Every time he _33_ to read a word with a strange pronunciation, the biggest smile w

35、ould spread across his face and his eyes would shine with _34_ . It broke my heart each and every time.A few weeks before the school year ended, I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5. Tears (眼泪）ran down his face as he held the bo

36、ok close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the _36_, not once. It never left his hands.A few days later, I returned to the school to visit. I _37_ Ronny on a chair near the playground, the book open in his lap. His teacher said,

37、“ He hasnt put that book down since you gave it to him. Do you know thats his first book hes ever actually owned?”17Keeping back my tears, I walked towards Ronny, placed my hand on his shoulder and asked, “Will you read me your book, Ronny?” And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more _38

38、_ than Id ever thought possible from him. The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands of times already. When he finished reading, Ronny closed his book and said with great satisfaction, “_39_ book!“What a powerful contribution (贡献）the writer of that Little Golden Book had

39、 made in the life of a disadvantaged child. At that moment, I knew I would get _40_ about my own writing and do what that writer had done, and probably still does care enough to write a story that changes a childs life, care enough to make a difference.31. A. read B. copy C. write D. listen32. A. te

40、am B. term C. turn D. tour33. A. forgot B. decided C. refused D. managed34. A. fear B. pride C. promise D. silence35. A. covered B. shared C. presented D. compared36. A. hand B. class C. book D. chair37. A. noticed B. heard C. followed D. realized38. A. coldly B. slowly C. clearly D. quietly39. A. S

41、mall B. Good C. New D. old40. A. serious B. nervous C. worried D. surprised18语篇精讲：参考答案：3135 ACDBC 3640 CACBA文章大意：本文讲的是 Ronny 一个有语言障碍的学生，在作者的鼓励帮助下，能清晰的读文章了。作者通过 Ronny 的故事明白了自己作为一个作家该写些怎样的书。 答案解析：31. 通过上文“He had a speech problem”和因果连词“so” ，可知他发音有问题，因此可推断出他不能像其他的孩子那样读书，故选 A。32. 通过上文“I worked with all t

42、he students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills.”可知作者一对一帮每个学生提高阅读能力，因此可推断出此处表示“当轮到 Ronny 的时候，我就给他一个无声的微笑。 ”，故选 C。33. 通过下文“the biggest smile would spread across his face” ，可知他脸上洋溢着微笑，因此可推断出他应该是成功的读出一个单词，他才会微笑，故选 D。34. 通过上文“the biggest smile would spread across his face”和并列连词“an

43、d”可知前后两句表达的意思应该相近，故选 B，表示眼睛里发出自豪的光芒。35. 通过上文“I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼)”可知作者举行了一场颁奖典礼，再结合生活常识可以接下里应该是颁发奖品，故选 C。36. 通过上文“Tears (眼泪）ran down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat.”可知 Ronny 很珍视这本书，因此可以推断出这里表达的意思是他从未放下过这本书，故选 C。37. 通过下文“Ronny on a chair near the playgr

44、ound, the book open in his lap.”可以推断出这是作者看到的情景，故选 A。38. 通过下文“The pages were already dog-eared, like the book had been read thousands of times already.”，可知这本书他都翻了很多遍，因此可推断出他能清晰的读出来了，故选 C。39. 通过上文“said with great satisfaction”可知他对这本书很满意，因此可推断19出他对这本书的评价应该很好，故选 B。40. 通过语境可知作者通过 Ronny 的故事认识到书对于弱势儿童群体的重要性，因此可推断出他要认真对待他自己的写作，故选 A。精讲笔记 【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握 10 个】单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法 【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】 【至少掌握 2 个】方法一：词汇复现法 如：本篇文章中的 36. (book )方法二：上下文推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识法20方法五：固定搭配法基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译能力提升21单词 词性及词义 备注1 _ v. 自愿做 n.志愿者2 way n.1)_