UL SUBJECT 2790-2008 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR COMMERCIAL INCINERATORS (Issue 1)《商业焚化炉的调查大纲 (议题1)》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULSeptember 22, 20081SUBJECT 2790OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORCOMMERCIAL INCINERATORSISSUE NO. 1September 22, 2008Summary of TopicsThis First Issue of Outline of Investigation for Commercial Incinera

2、torscovers direct-fed incinerators, including those of the gas and electricignition types, designed primarily for use in commercial-industrialinstallations and are only intended to cover the safety aspect of thedirect-fed incinerators, with respect to fire, shock, mechanical hazards,and carbon monox

3、ide emissions.The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Standard. For informationconcerning the use and application of the requirements contained in thisStandard, the current version of the UL Foreword is located onULStandardsInfoNet at: http:/ 2008 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGH

4、TED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULSEPTEMBER 22, 2008SUBJECT 27902No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .62 Components 73 Unit

5、s of Measurement .74 Undated References 75 Glossary .7CONSTRUCTION ELECTRICAL7 General .138 Servicing and Adjustment .139 Enclosures 149.1 General 149.2 Accessibility of uninsulated live parts and film-coated wire general .189.3 Doors and covers .219.4 Field wiring system connection 2210 Field Wirin

6、g 2310.1 General .2310.2 Leads and terminals 2511 Internal Wiring 2611.1 General .2611.2 Methods 2711.3 Short-circuit protection 3012 Separation of Circuits .3013 Bonding for Grounding 3214 Mounting of Electrical Components .3515 Motors and Motor Overload Protection 3616 Overcurrent Protection of Hi

7、gh-Voltage Control-Circuit Conductors 4016.1 General .4016.2 Direct-connected high-voltage control circuit .4016.3 Tapped high-voltage control circuits 4016.4 Overcurrent-protective devices .4117 Overcurrent Protection of Transformers 4217.1 High-voltage transformers General 4217.2 High-voltage tran

8、sformers Thermal protection 4217.3 High-voltage transformers Overcurrent protection .4317.4 Low-voltage transformers General 4317.5 Low-voltage transformers - Overcurrent protective devices 4418 Switches and Controllers 4419 Capacitors .4520 Electrical Insulating Materials .4621 High-Voltage Circuit

9、s 4622 Low-Voltage Circuits 47CONSTRUCTION MECHANICAL23 General 4824 Corrosion Protection 5325 Fuel Confining Parts 53SEPTEMBER 22, 2008 SUBJECT 2790 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONSTRUCTION INCINERATOR ASSEMBLY26 General

10、5427 Accessibility 5528 Baffles.5529 Temperature Controls .5530 Bases .5631 Incinerator Combustion Chambers 5632 Ash Compartment 5633 Radiation Shields .5734 Casings .5735 Flue Collars 5836 Chimneys 58CONSTRUCTION BURNER ASSEMBLIES37 General 6038 Controls .6239 Fan Housings and Air Tubes .6340 Combu

11、stion Air Controls .6341 Primary Safety Controls .6541.1 General .6541.2 Fuel pressure controls 6742 Ignition Systems General 6843 Electric High-Tension Ignition 6943.1 Spark igniters 6943.2 Electrodes and bus bars 6943.3 Insulators .6943.4 Leads .7043.5 Transformers 7043.6 Gas pilots .7144 Fittings

12、 and Piping 7245 Valves and Regulators 7545.1 Automatic safety shutoff valves 7545.2 Manually operated valves .7645.3 Gas pressure regulators .7646 Bleeds and Vents .77PERFORMANCE47 General 7848 Test Installations 7949 Instrumentation .8149.1 Draft measurement .8149.2 Power measurement 8149.3 Temper

13、ature measurements .8150 Test Methods 8550.1 Firing conditions 8550.2 Test voltages 8551 Power Input Test Test No. 1 .8552 Combustion Test No. 2 8653 Burner Endurance Test No. 3 8754 Combustion Air Failure Test No. 4 87SEPTEMBER 22, 2008SUBJECT 27904UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER

14、 REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL55 Undervoltage Test No. 5 .8856 Power Interruption Test No. 6 8857 Pilot Supervision Test No. 7 8958 Ignition, Gas-Electric High Tension Test No. 8 8959 Delayed Ignition Test No. 9 9060 Temperature Control Test No. 10 .9061 Temperature Tests 90

15、61.1 General .9061.2 Continuous operation Test No. 11 9462 Short-Circuit Test No. 12 .9663 Overload Test, High-Voltage Transformers Test No. 13 9864 Burnout Test, High-Voltage Transformers Test No. 14 .9965 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test Test No. 15 .10066 Strain Relief Test No. 16 10167 Hydrosta

16、tic Strength Test No. 17 101OUTDOOR-USE EQUIPMENTCONSTRUCTION68 General 10169 Enclosures 10270 Field Wiring Connections .10471 Wiring 10472 Electrical Insulation Material 105PERFORMANCE73 Rain Test Test No. 18 10574 Wind Tests Test No. 19 10875 Accelerated Aging Test Gaskets, Adhesives, and Sealing

17、Compounds Test No. 20 . . . .10976 Metallic Coating Thickness Test Chromic Acid Dropping Test Test No. 21 110MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS77 General 111MARKINGS78 General 112INSTRUCTIONS79 General 115APPENDIX ASEPTEMBER 22, 2008 SUBJECT 2790 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER R

18、EPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These requirements apply to direct-fed incinerators, including those of the gas and electric ignitiontypes, designed primarily for use in commercial-industrial installations. They are not intended for use inspaces in which f

19、lammable vapor or gases may be present.1.2 These requirements are only intended to cover the safety aspect of the direct-fed incinerators, withrespect to fire, shock, mechanical hazards, and carbon monoxide emissions.1.3 Incinerators covered by these requirements are the factory-made type and may be

20、 field assembled,and are intended to incinerate wastes (as defined in 5.83). These requirements do not cover an incineratorthat requires the use of a brick or masonry wall, etc., which forms a part of the building structure.1.4 Gas-heating incinerators covered by these requirements may be operated w

21、ithout a competentattendant being constantly on duty at the burners while the burners are in operation.1.5 Incinerators may be subject to local regulations and/or EPA regulations, such as the Clean Air Actand/or the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, with respect to:a) Particulate emissions, ox

22、ides of nitrogen, and other products of combustion in the flue gas.Note, these requirements do not include limitations on Nox emissions and only carbonmonoxide was required to be within the specified limits.b) The types of wastes to be incinerated.1.6 Requirements for the installation and use of inc

23、inerators are included in the Standard for Incineratorsof the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA No. 82.1.7 Additional installation and operation requirements are available as defined by the National Fuel GasCode, NFPA 54, the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, NFPA 58, as applicable, and the Nat

24、ional ElectricalCode, NFPA 70.SEPTEMBER 22, 2008SUBJECT 27906UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2 Components2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2, a component of a product covered by this Outline of Investigation shallcomply with the req

25、uirements for that component.2.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the application of the component in theproduct covered by this Outline, orb) Is superseded by a requirement in this Outline.2.3 A component shall be use

26、d in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions ofuse.2.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities.Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures notexceeding specif

27、ied limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.3 Units of Measurement3.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.3.2 Unless indicated otherwise, all voltage and current values mentioned in this standar

28、d are rms.4 Undated References4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Outline shall deinterpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.5 Glossary5.1 For the purposes of this Outline of Investigation the following definitions apply.

29、5.2 AIR SHUTTER An adjustable incinerator for varying the size of the air inlet or inlets regulatingprimary or secondary air.5.3 AIR SHUTTER, AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED An air shutter operated by an automatic control.5.4 AIR SHUTTER, MANUALLY OPERATED An air shutter manually set and locked in the desire

30、dposition.5.5 ALUMINUM COATED STEEL An aluminum coated steel in which the bond between the steeland the aluminum is an iron-aluminum alloy.5.6 ASH The solid residue remaining after combustion or incineration has been completed.5.7 ASH PIT DOOR A door below the grate level used for removing ash or ot

31、her noncombustiblesfrom the incinerator.5.8 BAFFLE An object placed in an incinerator to direct the flow of air or flue gases.SEPTEMBER 22, 2008 SUBJECT 2790 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5.9 BASE The main supporting frame o

32、r structure of the assembly.5.10 BURNER A incinerator for the final conveyance of the gas, or a mixture of gas and air, to thecombustion zone.5.11 BURNER, AUTOMATICALLY LIGHTED One where fuel to the main burner is normally turnedon and ignited automatically.5.12 BURNER, MANUALLY LIGHTED One where fu

33、el to the main burner is turned on only by handand ignited under supervision.5.13 BURNER HEAD, GAS That portion of a burner beyond the outlet end of the mixer tube whichcontains the ports.5.14 CASING An enclosure forming the outside of the incinerator, no parts of which are likely to besubjected to

34、intense heat.5.15 CHIMNEY CONNECTOR The pipe which connects a fuel burning incinerator to a chimney.5.16 CHIMNEY, FACTORY BUILT Those chimneys of the factory-made type intended for use withgas fired incinerators.5.17 COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL Combustible material, as pertaining to materials adjacent to o

35、r incontact with heat producing incinerators, chimney connectors and vent connectors, means materialmade of or surfaced with wood, compressed paper, plant fibers, or other material that will ignite andburn. Such material shall be considered as combustible even though flameproofed, fire retardanttrea

36、ted, or plastered.5.18 COMBUSTION As used herein, the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production ofheat, or heat and light. Complete combustion of a fuel is possible only in the presence of an adequatesupply of oxygen.5.19 COMBUSTION CHAMBER The portion of an incinerator within which comb

37、ustion occurs.5.20 COMBUSTION DETECTOR That part of a primary safety control which is responsive directly toflame properties.5.21 COMBUSTION PRODUCTS Constituents resulting from the combustion of a fuel with theoxygen of the air, including the inerts, but excluding excess air.5.22 CONTROL A incinera

38、tor designed to regulate the fuel, air, or electrical supply to the controlledincinerators. It may be automatic, semi-automatic, or manual.5.23 CONTROL INPUT, COMBUSTION A control which automatically regulates the firing rate atpredetermined air-fuel ratio in accordance with load demand. It may be a

39、 type which positions the airand fuel supplies for low fire and for high fire as required to meet the load demands, or it may be amodulating type which gradually varies the air and fuel supplies within limits to meet the load demand.5.24 CONTROL, LIMIT A safety (protective) control that is responsiv

40、e to changes in pressure,temperature or flow. This control may be used for regulating purposes or may be set beyond theintended operating range of the controlled equipment to limit its operation. This control may be electricalor mechanical in nature.SEPTEMBER 22, 2008SUBJECT 27908UL COPYRIGHTED MATE

41、RIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5.25 CONTROL, OPERATING A control to start or regulate burner firing according to load demandand to stop or regulate firing of the burner on satisfaction of demand or upon reaching normaltemperature or pressure in

42、the incinerator being fired. An operating control may be electrical ormechanical in nature and may actuate auxiliary devices to perform the functions described above. Anoperating control could provide Type 1 or Type 2 action. (See 5.76 and 5.77.)5.26 CONTROL, SAFETY (PROTECTIVE) A control intended t

43、o prevent the risk of electric shock,fire, or injury to persons during abnormal operation of the appliance. An example would be a high gaspressure limit control. A protective control always provides Type 2 action. (See 5.76 and 5.77.)5.27 CONTROL, PRIMARY SAFETY An automatic control that monitors th

44、e operation of a gas-firedor an oil-fired burner. It normally consists of the following sections that may be integrated into acommon unit or may be separate units, interconnected by wiring:a) Programming Unit A incinerator that programs the burner through start-up and shutdownoperations in response

45、to signals from regulating, limiting, and monitoring incinerators. It alsoprovides the timings, as required, in proper sequence, for purging, flame establishing periodsand in case of ignition or flame failure, for safety shutdown (lockout).b) Combustion Detector A incinerator that is responsive to f

46、lame properties. It monitors theflame at the point of flame supervision and transmits a signal to the programming unit,indicating absence or presence of flame.5.28 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS :a) High-Voltage Circuit A circuit involving a potential of not more than 600 volts and havingcircuit characteristic

47、s in excess of those of a low-voltage circuit.b) Low-Voltage Circuit A circuit involving a potential of not more than 30 volts alternatingcurrent (42.4 peak) or direct current and supplied by a primary battery or by a standard Class 2transformer or other suitable transforming incinerator, or by a su

48、itable combination oftransformer and fixed impedance having output characteristics in compliance with what isrequired for a Class 2 transformer. A circuit derived from a source of supply classified as ahigh-voltage circuit, by connecting resistance in series with the supply circuit as a means oflimi

49、ting the voltage and current, is not considered to be a low-voltage circuit.c) Isolated Limited Secondary Circuit A circuit of limited energy derived from an isolatedsecondary winding of a transformer having a maximum capacity of 100 volt-amperes (VA) andopen-circuit secondary voltage rating not exceeding 1000 volts.d) Safety Control Circuit A circuit involving one or more safety controls in which failure