UL 2182-2006 UL Standard for Safety Refrigerants (Second Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Including January 24 2017)《制冷剂》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL 2182RefrigerantsUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTR

2、IBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL Standard for Safety for Refrigerants, UL 2182Second Edition, Dated April 21, 2006Summary of TopicsThese revisions to ANSI/UL 2182 are being issued to update ANSI approval of the standard.Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by ULs electronic publi

3、shing system is markedwith a vertical line in the margin. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the marginand are followed by an effective date note indicating the date of publication or the date on which thechanged requirement becomes effective.The new/revised requirements are

4、substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject datedMarch 4, 2011.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout prior permissi

5、on of UL.UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including butnot limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose.In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages,

6、including loss of profits, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or theinability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of thepossibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the

7、price paid forthis Standard, regardless of the form of the claim.Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold ULharmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonableattorneys fees) resulting from

8、any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronicStandard on the purchasers computer system.The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, figures,and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indi

9、cated in the note following theaffected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective dateare located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice.MAY 3, 2011 UL 2182 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REP

10、RODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMAY 3, 2011 UL 2182tr2No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULAPRIL 21, 2006(Title Page Reprinted: May 3, 2011)1UL 2182Standard for RefrigerantsFirst Edition Decemb

11、er, 1994Second EditionApril 21, 2006This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the Second Edition.The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 2182 as a Reaffirmed American NationalStandard (ANS) occurred on May 3, 2011. ANSI approval for a standard does notinclude the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Tit

12、le Page, or effective dateinformation.Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may besubmitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a ProposalRequest in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS)at http:/.ULs Standards for Safety are copyrigh

13、ted by UL. Neither a printed nor electroniccopy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and allcopyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain thesole and exclusive property of UL.COPYRIGHT 2011 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.ANSI/UL 2182-2006 (R2011

14、)UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMAY 3, 2011REFRIGERANTS - UL 21822No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .42 Gen

15、eral 42.1 Units of measurement .42.2 Undated references .43 Glossary .54 Storage Containers 6PERFORMANCE5 Fractionation Analysis .65.1 Leakage testing 65.2 Charge/recharge testing .85.3 Fractionation determination by computer modeling 86 Flammability Testing 87 Autoignition Temperature Test .11MARKI

16、NGS8 General .11APRIL 21, 2006 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 This standard contains test procedures and methods to evaluate refrigerants and mark theircontainers according to the

17、 extent of the refrigerants flammability.1.2 The refrigerants covered in this standard are intended for use as components of air-conditioning andrefrigeration equipment.1.3 The refrigerants covered in this standard are shipped either as:a) Liquids or gases in DOT (or the equivalent specifications in

18、 a given country of origin)containers where applicable, orb) Gases compressed to liquids in DOT (or the equivalent specifications in a given country oforigin) containers where applicable.This standard does not contain requirements to investigate containers that hold the refrigerants.1.4 The data dev

19、eloped by this standard is with respect to the risk of fire only.1.5 This standard does not cover the physiological effects of the decomposition products of refrigerants,in any form, nor does it cover the efficiency or effectiveness of the refrigerants in their intended uses. Thisstandard does not c

20、ontain requirements to investigate the toxicity of the refrigerants.2 General2.1 Units of measurement2.1.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.2.2 Undated references2.2.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard ap

21、pearing in the requirements of this standard shallbe interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.APRIL 21, 2006REFRIGERANTS - UL 21824UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL3 Glossary3.1 For the purpose of

22、this Standard, the following definitions apply.3.2 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 23 3C (73 5F).3.3 AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE The minimum temperature to which any part of a vapor-airmixture must be raised by application of heat to produce self-sustained (autogenous) combustion, asindicated by the appearance of

23、flame or glow. The autoignition temperature of a liquid or gas is not aphysical constant, and is affected by variables such as the size, shape, and degree of confinement ofthe space in which the ignition occurs, catalytic and other actions of the heated surface, surfacecombustion, initial pressure,

24、and the concentration of the vapor-air mixture.3.4 AZEOTROPIC Blends comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used inrefrigeration cycles, do not change volumetric composition or saturation temperature as they evaporate(boil) or condense at constant pressure (also see defi

25、nition of ZEOTROPIC). Currently such blends areassigned an R-500 series number in accordance with ASHRAE 34, Standard for Designation and SafetyClassification of Refrigerants.3.5 BLENDS Refrigerants consisting of mixtures of two or more different chemical compounds.3.6 COMPOUNDS Substances formed by

26、 the chemical combination of two or more elements indefinite proportions by mass.3.7 FLAME PROPAGATION Any combustion that, having moved upward and outward from thepoint of ignition to the walls of the flask, is continuous along an arc that is greater than that subtendedby an angle equal to 90 degre

27、es (pi/2 radians), as measured from the point of ignition to the walls of theflask.3.8 FRACTIONATION A change in composition of a blend by preferential evaporation of the morevolatile component(s) or condensation of the less volatile component(s).3.9 HALOCARBON A hydrocarbon derivative containing on

28、e or more halogens; hydrogen also maybe present.3.10 HALOGEN One of the electronegative elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine)found in Group VII A of the Periodic Table.3.11 HEAT OF COMBUSTION The heat released when substances are combusted, determined asthe difference in enthalpy

29、between the reactants, fuel (refrigerant) and air, and the reaction productsafter combustion. The heat of combustion exceeds zero for exothermic reactions (those that give offheat) and is negative for endothermic reactions (those that require heat).3.12 HYDROCARBON A compound containing only the ele

30、ments hydrogen and carbon.3.13 LIMITS OF FLAMMABILITY The range of refrigerant concentrations in air, minimum andmaximum, capable of flame propagation in accordance with the Standard Test Method forConcentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases), ASTM E681, using a sparkignition

31、 source anda5L(hydrocarbon single or blends) or 12 L (halocarbon single or blends) flask.3.14 LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (LFL) The minimum concentration of the refrigerant that iscapable of propagating a flame in a homogeneous mixture of the refrigerant and air under specificconditions of tests. The L

32、FL normally is expressed as refrigerant percentage by volume under ambientAPRIL 21, 2006 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULatmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Conversion factors for expressing

33、 LFL in units ofmass per unit volume (i.e. kg/m3or lb/ft3) is dependent upon the temperature and pressure of the testedrefrigerant-air mixture.3.15 NOMINAL FORMULATION The bulk manufactured composition of the refrigerant which shall berepresented by the liquid composition in a cylinder which is 80 p

34、ercent or more liquid filled.3.16 REFRIGERANT The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating or air conditioning system; therefrigerant absorbs heat and transfers it, usually with a phase change. Substances added to provideother functions such as lubricants, leak detection, absorption or drying

35、 are not refrigerants.3.17 WORST-CASE FORMULATION The nominal formulation, which includes the manufacturerssales specification tolerances, that contains the most flammable concentration of components.3.18 WORST-CASE FRACTIONATED FORMULATION The composition during fractionation of theworst-case formu

36、lation that results in the highest concentration of flammable component(s) in the vaporor liquid phase for a mixture containing one flammable component, or the most flammable compositionfor a mixture containing two or more flammable components. (See 5.1.3, 5.1.4, and 5.2 for fractionationconditions)

37、.3.19 ZEOTROPIC Blends comprising multiple components of different volatilities that, when used inrefrigeration cycles, change volumetric composition and saturation temperatures as they evaporate (boil)or condense at constant pressure.4 Storage Containers4.1 The storage container shall comply with D

38、OT specifications, 49 CFR, or the equivalent specificationsin a given country of origin.4.2 The storage container shall include a means to discharge liquid when the container holds a refrigerantblend.PERFORMANCE5 Fractionation Analysis5.1 Leakage testing5.1.1 Blends containing a flammable component(

39、s) shall be evaluated to determine their worst-casefractionated formulation(s) during storage, shipping or use. Tests shall be conducted to simulate vaporleaks from:a) A container under storage/shipping conditions,b) A container representing air conditioning and refrigeration equipment during normal

40、operation, standby and shipping conditions.APRIL 21, 2006REFRIGERANTS - UL 21826UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5.1.2 The container used for these tests shall be able to withstand the vapor pressure of the blends atthe highest

41、temperature encountered.5.1.3 To simulate vapor leaks under storage/shipping conditions, the container is to be liquid filled withthe worst-case formulation at ambient temperature to 90 percent (of maximum permissible by DOT or theequivalent specifications in a given country of origin) fill and then

42、 vapor leaked (2 percent by weight of theinitial charge per hour) at the following temperatures:a) 54.4C (130F),b) Minus 40C (minus 40F) or the boiling point plus 10C (18F), whichever is warmer,c) Ambient temperature 23C ( 73F),d) If (c) produces a more flammable blend than shown in (a) or (b), a te

43、mperature between (a)and (c) or (b) and (c) that causes the worst-case fractionation should be conducted.In the fractionation experiment, the composition of the head space gas and remaining liquid shall bedetermined by analysis (i.e., gas chromatography). Analyses shall be made initially after 2 per

44、cent of thetotal charge has leaked, next at 10 percent weight loss, and then at intervals of 10 percent weight lossesuntil the cylinder reaches atmospheric pressure or no liquid remains. In the event that liquid remains andatmospheric pressure is not reached, the last analysis shall be made at 95 pe

45、rcent weight loss.5.1.4 To simulate vapor leaks from equipment, the container is to be liquid filled at ambient temperatureto 15 percent (of maximum permissible by DOT or the equivalent specifications in a given country oforigin) fill and then leaked, at the following temperatures:a) 60C (140F),b) M

46、inus 40C (minus 40F) or the boiling point plus 10C (18F), whichever is warmer,c) Ambient temperature 23C (73F),d) If (c) produces a more flammable blend than shown in (a) or (b), a temperature between (a)and (c) or (b) and (c) that causes the worst-case fractionation should be conducted.In the fract

47、ionation experiment, the composition of the head space gas and remaining liquid shall bedetermined by analysis (i.e., gas chromatography). Analyses shall be made initially after 2 percent of thetotal charge has leaked, next at 10 percent weight loss, and then at intervals of 10 percent weight losses

48、until the cylinder reaches atmospheric pressure or no liquid remains. In the event that liquid remains andatmospheric pressure is not reached, the last analysis shall be made at 95 percent weight loss.APRIL 21, 2006 REFRIGERANTS - UL 2182 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCT

49、ION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL5.2 Charge/recharge testing5.2.1 Refrigerant blends containing a flammable component(s) shall be evaluated in accordance with5.2.2 to determine the fractionation effect of successive leakage and recharging on the composition of theblend.5.2.2 A cylinder is to be charged to 15 percent (of maximum permissible by DOT or the equivalentspecifications in a given country of origin) fill with the worst-case formulation. A vapor leak at a rate of 2percen