SMPTE ST 2065-2-2012 Academy Printing Density (APD) Spectral Responsivities Reference Measurement Device and Spectral Calculation.pdf

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1、 Copyright 2012 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved March 12, 2012 Table of Contents Page Foreword . 2 Intellectual Property 2 Introduction 21 Scope . 32 Conformance Notation . 33 Normative References . 34 Terms an

2、d Definitions 45 Academy Printing Density 5Annex A Spectral Responsivities APD (Normative) 8Annex B Influx Spectrum SAPD (Informative) 11Annex C Bibliography (Informative) . 14Page 1 of 14 pages SMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 SMPTE STANDARD Academy Printing Density (APD) Spectral Responsivities, Reference Mea

3、surement Device and Spectral Calculation SMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 Page 2 of 14 pages Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recognized standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has membe

4、rs in over 80 countries on six continents. SMPTEs Engineering Documents, including Standards, Standards and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with ot

5、her standards-developing organizations, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Administrative Practices. SMPTE ST 2065-2 was prepared by Technology Committee 10E. Intellectual Property At the time of publication no n

6、otice had been received by SMPTE claiming patent rights essential to the implementation of this standard. However, attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. SMPTE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such

7、 patent rights. Introduction This section is entirely informative and does not form an integral part of this Engineering Document. Academy Printing Density (APD) is an optical printing density metric suitable for use with motion picture color negative and internegative films. APD is defined by the s

8、pectral responsivities APD.APDare based on the spectral sensitivities of contemporary motion picture print films such as those of the Kodak Visionfamily, of the Fujifilm Eternafamily, and of Fujifilm F-CP. Its definition is also based on the spectral power distribution of a Bell or that a certain co

9、urse of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limits of the document. The keyword “reserved” indi

10、cates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicates “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. 3 Normative References The following standards contain provisions wh

11、ich, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recen

12、t edition of the standards indicated below. ISO 5-1:1984, Photography Density Measurements Part 1: Terms, symbols, and notations, First Edition, March 1, 1984 ISO 5-2:2001(E), Photography Density Measurements Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission density, Fourth Edition, June 15, 2001 ISO 5-

13、3:1995(E), Photography Density Measurements Part 3: Spectral Conditions, Second Edition, November 15, 1995 SMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 Page 4 of 14 pages 4 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 Academy Printing Density (APD): printing densit

14、ies defined by the spectral responsivities APD4.2 densitometer: device for direc. tlymeasuring transm4.3 influx spectrum: spectrum of the radiant flux incident on the specimen surface or sampling aperture. It is a function of the energy source and the optical system on the source side of the specime

15、n. ission or reflection optical densities. 4.4 optical density: negative logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the integration of the spectral responsivities of a detection system and the spectral transmittance or reflectance of the sample under examination and the integration of the spectral res

16、ponsivities of the detection system alone. 4.5 printing density: optical density measured according to effective spectral responsivities defined by the spectral power distribution of a printer, including the light source, the spectral transmission, reflection and absorbance of its optical components

17、, and the spectral sensitivity of a print medium. 4.6 spectral power distribution: power, or relative power, of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength. 4.7 spectral product: wavelength-by-wavelength product of two or more spectral power distributions, spectral sensitivities, spectral

18、responsivities, or spectral transmittances. 4.8 spectral responsivities: spectral condition that represents the responses of a detection system, such as a scanner or a densitometer, as a function of wavelength. Spectral responsivities are determined by the spectral power distribution of the illumina

19、tion, the spectral filtration effects of various optical components, and the spectral sensitivity of the detector. 4.9 spectral sensitivity: response of a detector to monochromatic stimuli of equal radiant power. 4.10 spectral transmittance: fraction of the incident power transmitted as a function o

20、f wavelength. SMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 Page 5 of 14 pages 5 Academy Printing Density 5.1 Notation The spectral responsivities defined in this specification are specified as spectral products rather than discrete spectral components. The spectral product for any densitometric specification, film scanner,

21、 or densitometer may be denoted using Equation 1 as provided in ISO 5-3:1995(E). = S()s() Equation 1 where: S() is the relative spectral power distribution of the influx. and s() is the relative spectral sensitivity of the receiver, which includes the photodetector and all intervening components bet

22、ween it and the plane of the sample to be measured. ISO 5-1:1984 specifies functional notation of the form D(G; S : g; s), where G and g symbolize the influx geometry and efflux geometry respectively. Since this standard is only concerned with spectral conditions, the notation is abbreviated to D(S

23、: s) where the subscripted symbol DT5.2 Specification is used to denote transmission density. The following functional notation, consistent with the notation specified in ISO 5-1:1984, shall be used to denote spectral conditions associated with Academy Printing Density (APD). By transmission: DT(SAP

24、D: sAPD_R), DT(SAPD: sAPD_G), and DT(SAPD: sAPD_R5.2.1 Spectral Responsivities ) The spectral responsivities used to calculate APD shall be known as APD and conform to the values listed inTable A.1 found in Annex A.The subscripted symbols APD_R,APD_G, and APD_Bshall be used to denote the spectral re

25、sponsivities of the red, green, and blue components of APDrespectively. APDare illustrated inFigure 1. The subscripted symbol SAPD shall be used to denote the relative spectral power distribution of the influx spectrum used in the calculation of the spectral product APD. The subscripted symbol sAPD

26、shall be used to denote the relative spectral sensitivities of the print material used in the calculation of the spectral product APD. The subscripted symbols sAPD_R,sAPD_G, and sAPD_Bshall be used to denote the spectral sensitivities of the red, green, and blue components of sAPDrespectively. SMPTE

27、 ST 2065-2:2012 Page 6 of 14 pages Figure 1 Spectral Responsivities APD(Peak Normalized) 5.2.2 Reference Measurement Device This section specifies the conditions under which APD density measurements shall be made. Note: The specifications in this section are intended to eliminate ambiguity in the de

28、termination of the APD values of a sample. 5.2.2.1 Spectral Responsivities The reference measurement device shall have spectral responsivities equal to the spectral responsivities 5.2.2.2 Measurement Geometry APD. The reference measurement device geometry shall conform to the ISO standard diffuse tr

29、ansmission density specification found in ISO 5-2:2001(E). 5.2.2.3 Sample Conditions The sample to be measured shall be at a temperature and relative humidity, consistent with the sample conditions specification for density measurements found in ISO 5-3:1995(E). APD_RAPD_GAPD_BSMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 P

30、age 7 of 14 pages 5.2.3 Spectral Calculation of APD Values The spectral calculation of APD values requires the measurement of the spectral transmittance of the sample using a spectral measurement device. Measured sample transmittance spectra shall be converted into APD values using Equation 2. =7303

31、60107303601073036010)()(log)()(log)()(logdbTAPDdgTAPDdrTAPDBGREquation 2 where: r (), g () , and b () are APD_R, APD_G, and APD_B1)()()(730360730360730360= ddd APD_BAPD_GAPD_Rnormalized such that and T() is the spectral transmittance of the sample, or 10density() Note 1: In practice, it is common to

32、 calculate APD values using summations rather than integrals, as common spectral measurement devices typically return transmittance data as a series of spectral samples uniformly separated in wavelength rather than as a single continuous analytic function of wavelength. Note 2: A densitometer with s

33、pectral responsivities equal to the spectral responsivities of APDNote 3: Conversions between other density metric values (i.e. ISO Status M density, scanner density, etc.) and APD values are possible and can be particularly useful in process control efforts. These transformations are product specif

34、ic: a separate transformation needs to be determined for each sample (e.g. color negative and internegative film products). The transformations can take many forms including 3x3 matrix transformations followed by an offset, polynomial conversions, and 3-dimensional LUTs. Each type transformation wil

35、l likely be imperfect and care should be taken to when building such transformations to appropriately minimize the associated residual errors. could measure APD values directly. Note 4: Scanner density is the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the integration of the spectral responsivities of

36、a scanner and the spectral transmittance of the sample under examination and the integration of the spectral responsivities of the scanner alone. SMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 Page 8 of 14 pages Annex A Spectral Responsivities APDTable A.1 (Normative) APD Wavelength , (nm) APD_RAPD_GAPD_BWavelength , (nm) AP

37、D_RAPD_G360 APD_B0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 436 0.0000 0.0000 0.1891 362 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 438 0.0000 0.0000 0.2068 364 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 440 0.0000 0.0000 0.2290 366 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 442 0.0000 0.0003 0.2557 368 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 444 0.0000 0.0010 0.2866 370 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 446 0.0000 0

38、.0020 0.3231 372 0.0000 0.0001 0.0003 448 0.0000 0.0030 0.3670 374 0.0002 0.0001 0.0005 450 0.0000 0.0039 0.4204 376 0.0005 0.0002 0.0007 452 0.0000 0.0046 0.4863 378 0.0009 0.0002 0.0010 454 0.0000 0.0052 0.5635 380 0.0013 0.0002 0.0012 456 0.0000 0.0058 0.6478 382 0.0013 0.0002 0.0013 458 0.0000 0

39、.0064 0.7344 384 0.0010 0.0001 0.0013 460 0.0000 0.0071 0.8174 386 0.0006 0.0001 0.0014 462 0.0000 0.0079 0.8952 388 0.0002 0.0000 0.0016 464 0.0000 0.0089 0.9611 390 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 466 0.0000 0.0099 1.0000 392 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 468 0.0000 0.0108 0.9959 394 0.0000 0.0000 0.0037 470 0.0000 0

40、.0117 0.9339 396 0.0000 0.0000 0.0050 472 0.0000 0.0126 0.8125 398 0.0000 0.0000 0.0065 474 0.0000 0.0134 0.6538 400 0.0000 0.0000 0.0083 476 0.0000 0.0142 0.4825 402 0.0000 0.0000 0.0107 478 0.0000 0.0150 0.3240 404 0.0000 0.0000 0.0138 480 0.0000 0.0158 0.2028 406 0.0000 0.0000 0.0175 482 0.0000 0

41、.0163 0.1230 408 0.0000 0.0000 0.0219 484 0.0000 0.0165 0.0710 410 0.0000 0.0000 0.0268 486 0.0000 0.0166 0.0407 412 0.0000 0.0000 0.0325 488 0.0000 0.0167 0.0243 414 0.0000 0.0000 0.0392 490 0.0000 0.0174 0.0150 416 0.0000 0.0000 0.0471 492 0.0000 0.0184 0.0087 418 0.0000 0.0000 0.0562 494 0.0000 0

42、.0196 0.0051 420 0.0000 0.0000 0.0667 496 0.0000 0.0211 0.0033 422 0.0000 0.0000 0.0790 498 0.0000 0.0230 0.0025 424 0.0000 0.0000 0.0935 500 0.0000 0.0256 0.0020 426 0.0000 0.0000 0.1095 502 0.0000 0.0296 0.0014 428 0.0000 0.0000 0.1265 504 0.0000 0.0356 0.0009 430 0.0000 0.0000 0.1434 506 0.0000 0

43、.0430 0.0004 432 0.0000 0.0000 0.1591 508 0.0000 0.0514 0.0001 434 0.0000 0.0000 0.1738 510 0.0000 0.0600 0.0000 SMPTE ST 2065-2:2012 Page 9 of 14 pages 512 0.0000 0.0690 0.0000 598 0.0128 0.0000 0.0000 514 0.0000 0.0787 0.0000 600 0.0134 0.0000 0.0000 516 0.0000 0.0888 0.0000 602 0.0149 0.0000 0.00

44、00 518 0.0000 0.0990 0.0000 604 0.0176 0.0000 0.0000 520 0.0000 0.1095 0.0000 606 0.0214 0.0000 0.0000 522 0.0000 0.1201 0.0000 608 0.0262 0.0000 0.0000 524 0.0000 0.1310 0.0000 610 0.0318 0.0000 0.0000 526 0.0000 0.1427 0.0000 612 0.0383 0.0000 0.0000 528 0.0000 0.1556 0.0000 614 0.0461 0.0000 0.00

45、00 530 0.0000 0.1704 0.0000 616 0.0553 0.0000 0.0000 532 0.0000 0.1829 0.0000 618 0.0655 0.0000 0.0000 534 0.0000 0.1944 0.0000 620 0.0766 0.0000 0.0000 536 0.0000 0.2151 0.0000 622 0.0890 0.0000 0.0000 538 0.0000 0.2556 0.0000 624 0.1028 0.0000 0.0000 540 0.0000 0.3269 0.0000 626 0.1175 0.0000 0.00

46、00 542 0.0000 0.4552 0.0000 628 0.1323 0.0000 0.0000 544 0.0000 0.6303 0.0000 630 0.1464 0.0000 0.0000 546 0.0000 0.8082 0.0000 632 0.1597 0.0000 0.0000 548 0.0000 0.9457 0.0000 634 0.1724 0.0000 0.0000 550 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 636 0.1843 0.0000 0.0000 552 0.0000 0.9408 0.0000 638 0.1947 0.0000 0.00

47、00 554 0.0000 0.7932 0.0000 640 0.2033 0.0000 0.0000 556 0.0000 0.5983 0.0000 642 0.2094 0.0000 0.0000 558 0.0000 0.4023 0.0000 644 0.2138 0.0000 0.0000 560 0.0000 0.2559 0.0000 646 0.2174 0.0000 0.0000 562 0.0000 0.1744 0.0000 648 0.2215 0.0000 0.0000 564 0.0000 0.1285 0.0000 650 0.2275 0.0000 0.00

48、00 566 0.0000 0.1051 0.0000 652 0.2348 0.0000 0.0000 568 0.0000 0.0907 0.0000 654 0.2432 0.0000 0.0000 570 0.0000 0.0718 0.0000 656 0.2544 0.0000 0.0000 572 0.0023 0.0496 0.0000 658 0.2702 0.0000 0.0000 574 0.0075 0.0330 0.0000 660 0.2923 0.0000 0.0000 576 0.0133 0.0211 0.0000 662 0.3213 0.0000 0.00

49、00 578 0.0177 0.0129 0.0000 664 0.3560 0.0000 0.0000 580 0.0197 0.0071 0.0000 666 0.3954 0.0000 0.0000 582 0.0194 0.0033 0.0000 668 0.4386 0.0000 0.0000 584 0.0181 0.0013 0.0000 670 0.4845 0.0000 0.0000 586 0.0163 0.0003 0.0000 672 0.5337 0.0000 0.0000 588 0.0146 0.0000 0.0000 674 0.5867 0.0000 0.0000 590 0.0135 0.0000 0.0000 676 0.6418 0.0000 0.0000 592 0.0128 0.0000 0.0000 678 0.6977 0