SANS 1215-2008 Concrete masonry units《混凝土砌块》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20624-6 SANS 1215:2008Edition 1.4Any reference to SABS 1215 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 No

4、vember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Concrete masonry units Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 Table o

5、f changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 1984 Amended to correct two errors in the test for compressive strength. Amdt 2 1985 Amended to change the requirements for dimension and compressive strength and to add an appendix covering recommended nominal dimensions of concrete masonry units. Amdt 3 1990

6、Amended to change the requirement and the test method for soundness and to add an appendix covering notes on pop-outs and iron staining. Amdt 4 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards and to update the definition of “acceptable“, update referenced standards and rem

7、ove reference to the standardization mark. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5120.61A, Construction standards Cement, lime and concrete, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This

8、document was published in April 2008. This document supersedes SABS 1215:1984 (edition 1, reprint 1990). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 4. SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Requirements

9、 . 4 4 Marking 6 5 Inspection and methods of test 7 5.1 Inspection 7 5.2 Test specimens . 7 5.3 Test for dimensions . 7 5.4 Test for squareness . 8 5.5 Compressive strength test . 8 5.6 Drying shrinkage test . 10 5.7 Expansion on re-wetting test . 11 5.8 Soundness test 12 Appendix A Applicable stand

10、ards 14 Appendix B Notes to purchasers . 15 Appendix C Recommended test for efflorescence . 16 Appendix D Typical materials recommended for use in the manufacture of concrete masonry units 17 Appendix E Quality evaluation of concrete masonry units produced to the requirements laid down in the specif

11、ication 19 Appendix F Recommended nominal dimensions of concrete masonry units . 20 Appendix G Notes on pop-outs and iron staining . 21 SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 3 Concrete masonry units 1 Scope 1.1 This specification covers precast

12、 solid and precast hollow concrete masonry units for use in walling. NOTE a) The attention of users of concrete masonry units manufactured in accordance with this specification is drawn to the recommendations for the construction (given in SANS 10145) and the design (given in SANS 10164-1) of masonr

13、y walling. b) The standards referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A. c) Requirements that must be specified by the purchaser and those that must be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser are listed in appendix B. d) A test that may be used to determine efflorescence

14、 of units is given in appendix C. e) Typical materials that may be used in the manufacture of concrete masonry units are listed in appendix D. f) Guidance on the verification of the quality of concrete masonry units produced to this specification is given in appendix E. g) Recommended nominal dimens

15、ions of concrete masonry units are given in appendix F. h) Notes on pop-outs and iron staining are given in appendix G. Amdt 3 2 Definitions 2.1 For the purposes of this specification the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the

16、 parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 4 bed-face one of the surfaces (of a unit) that is normally placed horizontally in a wall concrete masonry unit unit a precast building component of nominally rectangular shape, either solid or hollow, and used in the construction of walls

17、SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 4 drying shrinkage the difference between the length of a specimen that has been saturated with water and its length after drying to a constant length, under specified temperature and humidity conditions and expressed as a percentage of the dry length face unit a unit of w

18、hich at least one side or end is intended to be used without plastering face unit aesthetic FUA a unit especially made for its aesthetic effect deriving from non-uniformity of the surface of the intended exposed face(s) frog a depression (in a bed-face) of depth not exceeding 20 mm and that covers n

19、ot more than 75 % of the bed-face hollow unit a unit that a) contains at least one large hole or cavity of such size that the solid material in the unit constitutes between 50 % and 75 % of the total volume of the unit calculated from its overall dimensions, or b) when used in a wall (or in a leaf o

20、f a cavity wall), forms internal cavities that have a total area, in a horizontal plane, of more than 25 % of the horizontal cross-sectional area of the wall (or leaf of a cavity wall) shell the outer walls of a hollow unit solid unit a unit not covered by the definition of a hollow unit web the inn

21、er walls or partitions that, with the shell, bound the cavities in a hollow unit 3 Requirements 3.1 Shape, appearance and colour 3.1.1 Shape All units shall be solid or hollow, shall be of nominally rectangular shape and true to the appropriate acceptable pattern, and may in the case of solid units

22、be manufactured with or without frogs. They shall be acceptably free from visible defects that could interfere with the proper laying of the units or impair the strength or the stability (or both) of a construction. 3.1.2 Appearance The surface(s) of face units used for exposed work shall be accepta

23、bly uniform in colour and texture (see 3.2), and acceptably free from chips, cracks and other imperfections, except that if not more than 5 % of the units of a sample of a consignment contain slight cracks or small chips not larger than 10 mm, this shall not be deemed to be grounds for rejection. SA

24、NS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 5 3.1.3 Colour When face units are required to have coloured surfaces the colour shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the manufacturer shall supply to the purchaser for his retention three units of the agreed colour to serve as an example of

25、 the possible range of such colour. 3.2 Surface texture The surface characteristics of units intended for use with plaster or other types of surface finish shall be such that the surface will provide adequate adhesion for the plaster or other finish. 3.3 Dimensions The work size of a unit, as indica

26、ted by the overall length L, overall width W and overall height H, shall be as stated by the manufacturer and, when determined in accordance with 5.3, shall not differ from the stated nominal values by more than the applicable tolerance given in column 2 of table 1. Table 1 Tolerances on work sizes

27、1 2 Tolerances Overall size mm Length +2 4 Width 3* Height 3 * NOTE In the case of FUA units, the tolerance on the overall width shall be 10 mm. 3.4 Shell and web thicknesses (hollow units) The shell thickness and, when applicable, the transverse web thickness of the unit, determined in accordance w

28、ith 5.3.3(c)(2), shall be at least one-sixth of the overall width of the unit or 25 mm, whichever is the greater. 3.5 Squareness In the case of units of overall height exceeding 90 mm, any out-of-squareness of a unit, determined in accordance with 5.4, shall not exceed 2 mm. 3.6 Compressive strength

29、 The nominal compressive strength of units shall be one of the values given in column 1 of table 2. The average and individual compressive strengths of units, determined in accordance with 5.5, shall comply with the appropriate values given in columns 2 and 3 respectively, of table 2. SANS 1215:2008

30、 Edition 1.4 6 Table 2 Compressive strength 1 2 3 Compressive strength Nominal compressive strength MPa, min. MPa Average (for 5* units) Individual units 3,5 7 10,5 14 21 4,0 8,0 11,5 15,5 23,5 3,0 5,5 8,5 11,0 17,0 * In the case of units having an overall length of 290 mm or less, an average for 12

31、 units is taken. 3.7 Drying shrinkage The average drying shrinkage of units, determined in accordance with 5.6, shall not exceed 0,06 % for normal shrinkage units and 0,08 % for high shrinkage units. 3.8 Expansion on re-wetting The average expansion on re-wetting, determined in accordance with 5.7,

32、shall not exceed the actual value obtained for drying shrinkage by more than 0,02 %. 3.9 Soundness When units manufactured from slag or clinker or burnt clay brick aggregates are tested in accordance with 5.8, the following surface pop-outs shall be allowed: Amdt 3 a) A maximum of two pop-outs of me

33、an diameter 2-5 mm in each of only two of the six units tested and none in the remaining four; or b) a maximum of two pop-outs of mean diameter 5-10 mm in only one of the six units tested and none in the remaining five. None of the six units shall have pop-outs of mean diameter exceeding 10 mm. 4 Ma

34、rking 4.1 Each consignment of units shall be accompanied by a despatch or consignment note in which the following information is given: a) The manufacturers name, trade name, or trade mark; b) the date of manufacture or related code number; c) whether solid or hollow units; d) the work size; e) the

35、nominal compressive strength (as given in column 1 of table 2) of the units; SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1.4 7 f) the average drying shrinkage; g) in the case of face units having a coloured finish, the colour; h) when relevant, that the units contain a slag or clinker or burnt clay brick aggregate. 5 In

36、spection and methods of test 5.1 Inspection Inspect each unit in the sample for compliance with the requirements of 3.1 and 3.2. 5.2 Test specimens To carry out all the tests, a minimum of 17 or 24 units is required as set out in (a)-(c) below. After inspecting the required number of units (see 5.1)

37、 and measuring 12 units for dimensions (5.3) and squareness (5.4), allocate the 17 or 24 units for submission to the remaining tests as follows: Amdt 3 a) Compressive strength (5.5): 5 or 12 (see footnote to table 2). b) Drying shrinkage (5.6) and expansion on re-wetting (5.7): 6. c) Soundness (5.8)

38、: 6. NOTE The above values represent the number of units considered necessary to achieve significant test results. Although such test results may serve as guidance in the assessment of quality of the product, a sampling plan agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer should be used to se

39、lect the required number of samples in cases where a decision is to be made on the acceptance or rejection of a consignment (see appendix E). 5.3 Test for dimensions 5.3.1 Apparatus a) A steel rule graduated in intervals of 1 mm. b) An end stop having a vertical plane face. 5.3.2 Preparation of test

40、 specimens Knock off any protrusions and remove loose particles from the faces of the units (see 5.2). 5.3.3 Procedure a) General. Take all linear measurements to the nearest 1 mm and measure each of the 12 units for compliance with the requirements of 3.3 and, when applicable, 3.4. b) Solid units.

41、Measure the overall length and height of each unit along the appropriate centre line of each stretcher face, and the overall width along the transverse centre line of each bed-face, in each case by placing the appropriate face against the end stop and measuring the distance from the end stop to the

42、opposite face. Record the mean of each pair of measurements as the dimensions of the unit. In the case of FUA units, use any suitable method to check compliance with the tolerance for overall width and measure the overall length and overall height using the above procedures. SANS 1215:2008 Edition 1

43、.4 8 c) Hollow units. In the case of units that contain cavities or form cavities in a wall when laid, measure the following: 1) Overall dimensions. As in (b) above, and in the case of FUA units, when relevant, the overall width over the ribs. 2) Shell and web thicknesses. Measure the minimum shell

44、thickness and, when applicable, the minimum transverse web thickness of each unit. 5.4 Test for squareness In the case of units of overall height exceeding 90 mm (see 3.5), test both ends and both sides of each unit (see 5.2) as follows: Use an engineers square having a blade of length at least equa

45、l to the height of the unit and so place the inner face of the stock against each bed-face of the unit in turn and at right angles to the face being tested that the blade touches the face. If it is not in contact with both edges of the face being tested, take the distance (measured to the nearest 1

46、mm) of the blade from the edge furthest from that adjacent to the stock as the out-of-squareness of that face. Check for compliance with the requirement of 3.5. 5.5 Compressive strength test 5.5.1 Apparatus a) Testing machine. A testing machine that complies, as regards accuracy and repeatability, w

47、ith the requirements of ISO 7500-1 for at least a grade B machine, and Amdt 4 1) that complies with the requirements of the appropriate part of BS 1881; 2) in which the bearing faces of both platens are at least as large as (and preferably larger than) the bed-faces of the unit being tested, and do

48、not depart from plane by more than 0,05 mm; and 3) that is capable of a rate of loading of approximately 15 MPa/min (as calculated using the area of the bed-face (see 5.5.2) of the unit being tested). b) Capping table. A table or bench that has a non-absorbent surface which is plane to within 0,15 m

49、m in 500 mm, is level in two directions at right angles to each other, and is sufficiently rigid and so supported as to prevent it from being measurably deflected during the capping process. c) Measuring device. A measuring device capable of measuring a reduction in the height of the unit under test to the nearest 0,5 mm. 5.5.2 Area of bed-face Measure to the nearest 1 mm the length and width of the bed-faces of each unit; calculate the overall area of each of these faces, and use the smaller of the two areas for the calculation of compressive strength. SANS 1215:2008 Editi