SANS 11660-1-2009 Cranes - Access guards and restraints Part 1 General《起重机 出入口 防护装置和限制器 第1部分：总则》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23411-9 SANS 11660-1:2009Edition 2ISO 11660-1:2008Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Cranes Access, guards and restraints Part 1: Ge

4、neral This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 11660-1:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12

5、344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 11660-1:2009 Edition 2 ISO 11660-1:2008 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 96, Cranes, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance

6、with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 11660-1:2007 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 11660-1:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO11660-1Second edition2008-02-15Cranes Access, guards and restraints Part 1: Gener

7、al Appareils de levage charge suspendue Moyens daccs, dispositifs de protection et de retenue Partie 1: Gnralits SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain emb

8、edded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of

9、 not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters

10、 were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights r

11、eserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the req

12、uester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freema

13、iling clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 1 3.1 Terms and definitions. 1 3.2 Symbols . 3 4 Access . 3 4.1 Classification of access . 3 4.2 Selection of access. 4 5 G

14、eneral requirements. 5 6 Stairs and stepped ladders 7 7 Rung ladders and footholds 8 7.1 Rung ladders . 8 7.2 Footholds. 12 8 Hoop guards 13 9 Walkways, inclined walkways, platforms and manholes 15 10 Handholds, handrails, intermediate guard-rails and side protection 17 11 Minimum free space for wal

15、kway and inclined walkway 18 12 Hatch 18 13 Guards and restraints. 20 13.1 Guards for moving parts 20 13.2 Prevention of objects from falling. 20 14 Electrical guarding 20 Annex A (informative) Examples of surface considered to be slip-resistant. 21 Bibliography . 22 SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard

16、may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of prep

17、aring International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in

18、liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task

19、of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention

20、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11660-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 7, Tower cranes. This second

21、 edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11660-1:1999), which has been technically revised. ISO 11660 consists of the following parts, under the general title Cranes Access, guards and restraints: Part 1: General Part 2: Mobile cranes Part 3: Tower cranes Part 5: Bridge and gantry cranes

22、 SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11660-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Cranes Access, guards and restraints Part 1: General 1 Scope This part of ISO 11660 establishes the gen

23、eral requirements for access to control stations and other areas of cranes as defined in ISO 4306-1, during normal operations, maintenance, inspection, erection, dismantling and emergency. It also deals with guards and restraints in general, concerning the protection of persons on or near the crane

24、with regard to moving parts, falling objects or live parts. The particular requirements relating to access, guards and restraints for the various types of cranes and lifting appliances are given in ISO 11660-2, ISO 11660-3 and ISO 11660-5. In some cases, the particular requirements may not comply wi

25、th the general requirements. Different dimensions can be permitted provided an equivalent degree of protection is achieved. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For unda

26、ted references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General IEC 60204-32, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms an

27、d definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 rung ladder means of access consisting of side-rails and rungs which accommodate both feet, used where the angle of inclination to the horizontal of inclination exceeds 75 3.

28、1.2 stepped ladder means of access consisting of side-rails and steps which accommodate both feet, used where the angle of inclination to the horizontal exceeds 60 3.1.3 stair means of access used where the angle of inclination to the horizontal does not exceed 50 SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may

29、 only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.1.4 ramp plane inclined at an angle of 20 or less from the horizontal, without steps 3.1.5 walkway part of an access system, with essentially horizontal floorin

30、g, that permits walking or crawling between locations on a crane 3.1.6 rest platform standing area for persons to rest, situated at intervals between flights of ladders or stairs 3.1.7 platform horizontal surface for the support of persons engaged in operation, maintenance, inspection or repair work

31、 3.1.8 handrail device that provides continuous hand support between two locations 3.1.9 handhold means of providing support by a single hand placement 3.1.10 toeboard vertical plate that is placed around the perimeter of the platform to retain loose objects 3.1.11 foothold means of providing suppor

32、t for one or two feet 3.1.12 manhole access opening to allow the passage of a person and which can be fitted with a cover 3.1.13 hatch access opening to allow the passage of a person and which is fitted with a hinged door 3.1.14 powered access system means of access with a power source other than ma

33、nual and which is used only by operators of the crane 3.1.15 personal protective equipment any device or appliance designed to be worn or held by an individual for protection against one or more health and safety hazards SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscr

34、iption and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 33.2 Symbols a stride distance b rung end c free length for hand clearance d distance between centre line of rung and vertical surface e distance between ladder and an obstacle to the rear f distance between

35、 axis of ladder and a lateral obstacle g gap between discontinuous elements h riser height i rung pitch k rung size m step width n diameter/width of handrail/handhold p tread depth q hand clearance to mounting surface r vertical distance between lower part of handrail/handhold and floor/foothold s v

36、ertical distance between higher part of handrail/handhold and floor of platform/rest platform situated at top of ladder/stair t clearance between edge of handrail/handhold situated along ladder and edge of rung/side-rail of ladder u clearance between parallel handrails/handholds through which body m

37、ust pass v distance between floor/stair and handrail/guard-rail v1gap between top of toe board and bottom of intermediate guard-rail v2gap between top of intermediate guard-rail and bottom of guard-rail w distance between floor and top of toe board y clearance between floor and lower edge of toe boa

38、rd z distance between rung and handhold/handrail 4 Access 4.1 Classification of access For the purposes of this part of ISO 11660, the following cases apply: a) type 1 access: access designed for use without personal protective equipment; b) type 2 access: access for which some characteristics of ty

39、pe 1 access are not provided; type 2 access may require the use of personal protective equipment. SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved4.2 Selection of access 4.2.1

40、 Selection of the means of access Access to control stations, machinery spaces and portions of the crane for which periodic inspection or maintenance is required shall be provided by means such as steps, stairs, ladders, gangways, landings and platforms complete with such handrails, handholds and ot

41、her accessories as are necessary. The system shall allow for safe access to cabin and walkway. For cranes that are regularly erected and dismantled, means of access shall be provided as required for those operations. Their design shall permit performance of the work required. For high cranes, it may

42、 be advantageous to have a powered access means to the cabin. If a powered access system is provided, the crane shall be designed to receive it. In this case, a complementary means of access of type 2 shall also be provided. Manufacturers shall take into consideration the following when determining

43、the means of access to be provided: a) frequency of use; b) equipment or tools to be carried; c) vertical distance to cover; d) nature of use, e.g. maintenance, inspection, walkway. Figure 1 shows the ranges of angle for different means of access in their working position. Provision of access should

44、 be in the following preferential order: stair, rung ladder, stepped ladder. In addition, fixed means (e.g. hoop guard, side protection) shall be preferred to personnel protective equipment. 4.2.2 Selection of the type of access The selection of the type of access shall be as follows: access to cont

45、rol station and starting equipment: type 1 access; access for maintenance period more frequent than once per month: type 1 access. In the following cases, type 2 access may be used: a) access for maintenance period less frequent than once per month: in this case, access shall be designed for use wit

46、hout personal protective device against falls from height; b) access for erection and dismantling. NOTE For a definition of maintenance, see ISO 23815-1:2007, 3.2, “planned (preventive) maintenance”. 4.2.3 Protection against falls from height Table 1 summarizes the various equipment as defined in Cl

47、auses 6, 7 and 9, with the possible corresponding protection depending on the type of access. SANS 11660-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11660-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 5Key 1 rung ladder 2 stepped ladde

48、r 3 area to be avoided 4 stairs 5 inclined walkway 6 walkway 7 prohibited area D access direction for climbing Figure 1 Ranges of angle for different means of access in their working position Table 1 Protection depending on the type of access Type 1 Type 2 Equipment Collective protective equipment P

49、ersonal protective equipment Collective protective equipment Personal protective equipment Stairs YES (Side protection) NO YES YES Stepped ladders YES (Side protection) NO YES (Side protection) NO Rungs ladders (foot hold) YES (Hoop guards) NO YES (Hoop guards) YES Walkway YES (Side protection) NO YES (Side protection) YES 5 General requirements 5.1 Provisions shall be made on every access to provide simultaneous three point support (two hands and one foot; or two feet and one hand). 5.2 Where latera