SAE R-188-1997 The Romance of Engines (To Purchase Call 1-800-854-7179 USA Canada or 303-397-7956 Worldwide).pdf

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1、TheRomance ofEngines by Takashi Suzuki, Ph.D. Published by: Society ofAutomotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive Warrendale,PA 15096-0001 Phone: (412) 776-4841 Fax: (412) 776-5670 http:/www.sae.orgTranslation from Japanese to English was sponsored by Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio,

2、 Texas. The team effort was led by Mr. Charles D. Wood while he was Vice Presi- dent ofthe Institutes Division ofEngine and Vehicle Research. Copyright 1997 Society ofAutomotive Engineers, Inc. ISBN 1-56091-911-6 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States ofAmerica. Permission to photocopy fo

3、r internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of spe- cific clients, is granted by SAE for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of$.50 per page is paid directly toCCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers,MA 01923. Special requ

4、ests should be addressed to the SAE Publications Group. 1-56091-911-6/97 $.50. SAE Order No. R-188 Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Suzuki, Takashi, 1928- Enjin no roman. English The romance ofengines /by Takashi Suzuki. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-5

5、6091-911-6 (hc) 1. Heat-engines-History. I. Title. TJ255.S9813 1997 621.4309-dc21 96-52945 CIPForeword to the Revised Edition The magnificent and splendid Versailles Palace built by King Louis XIV served as the source of inspiration for Christiaan Huygens idea of an engine. To provide water for a mi

6、le-long canal, numerous water fountains, and diverse kinds of trees, shrubs, and bushes that were within the palace garden, a tremendous volume of water had to be drawn from the Seine River every day and transported to the palace grounds. Seeing this effort, Huygen sought a way to ease the arduous t

7、ask of transporting water, a task placed on both humans and animals. He had the idea of an engine. Since then, the blood, sweat, and tears ofmany people have been shed to invent and then develop the engine. While circumstances differ from one generation to the next, the human yearning for new knowle

8、dge and new discoveries is a constant, and the complicated challenges that technology presents serve only to stimulate the human imagination. Today, technology is in a highly advanced stage, and the engine is used in virtually all branches of technological development. The engine has pro- vided innu

9、merable conveniences for the entire human race. Unfortunately, solutions to problems such as environmental pollution and safety hazards that have resulted from the extensive use of the engine can come only from a sacrifice ofsome of that convenience. The engine has become a fixture in human society

10、in the form of the automobile and numerous other conve- niences. Society as we know it cannot continue to exist without the engine. Just as Huygens concern for humanism was the basis for his solution to a problem, so must the solutions to todays problems be rooted in humanism. The search fornew tech

11、nology is still driven by curiosity and the desire to fulfill dreams. By re-examining the thorny paths blazed by our predecessors as they struggled to improve their existing technology, we hope to learn from their challenges and failures and use this knowledge to solve the prob- lems that are facing

12、 us now. Our ultimate goal is to create an engine that functions in harmony with nature while still meeting the demands of an ever-advancing civilization. With this purpose in mind, we put together this manuscript and published it as The Romance ofEngines.iv I have included material I have written a

13、nd compiled since the publication ofan earlier edition, The Heart ofthe Engine. I have also made anumber of changes to update the information in the book originally published eight years ago. Technical descriptions and additional information pertaining to the main issues discussed in each chapter ar

14、e included in the appendices at the end ofthe individual chapters. Ifyou are interested in the subject matter, please read them. If not, the appendices may be skipped without losing the flow ofthought. I want to thank Messrs. Shohei Kakizoe and Makoto Iwamoto for their dili- gence in promoting the p

15、ublication ofthis book. I also thank Messrs. Tomio Futami and Kyohei Kuse, who provided the opportunity to publish the first edition, and all the companies that sponsored the project and theirpersonnel who organized the information. Finally, I express my deepest gratitude to Mr. Tamotsu Kawashima of

16、 the publishing house President Publishing Company for his efforts. Takashi Suzuki Summer 1988Preface to the English Edition My sincere thanks to U.S. friends for the publication of the English edition. One day, I gave a copy ofmy book The Romance ofEngines, published in 1983, tomy honorable friend,

17、 Mr. Martin E. Goland ofSouthwest Research Institute. I told him that I hoped he could understand my meaning and my affection for the subject ofmy book through the cartoons and photographs, even though the captions and the text were written in Japanese. Later, when I saw him again, he told me that h

18、e wanted to be able to read the book because the drawings and photographs were so interesting. He asked me how many copies of the book had been sold in Japan. I replied that some 20,000 copies had been sold. He said thatnumber seemed to be a reasonable number and that he wanted to havemy book transl

19、ated and published in the United States. Even after this conversation I did not work on the book, but Mr. Goland proceeded with the translation ofmy book in collaboration with another friend of mine, Mr. Charles D. Wood, Jr., also of Southwest Research Institute, who even negotiated with the Society

20、 of Automotive Engineers for publication. In Japan, an enlarged and revised edition was published. The translation was based on this later edition. In working with the translation from Japa- nese to English, I took great care with the meaning because the book con- tained many technical terms and del

21、icate concepts. I finished the translation thanks to the dedicated assistance of numerous people. I partic- ularly want to thank Mr. Wood for his technical editing and Mr. James Pryor, also of Southwest Research Institute, for his help with phrasing and grammar. I took the opportunity ofthe translat

22、ion to incorporate changes in response to Mr. Woods valuable advice, added events that occurred since the issuance of the first revised edition, adjusted some comments for a for- eign edition, and corrected some typographical errors that had appeared in earlier editions. Through my long years of ass

23、ociation with my companion, the “engine,“ I have made numerous friends in foreign countries. The United States of America was the destination ofmy first overseas trip in 1966. In the United States, as well as worldwide, I have had the good fortune to meet and become friends with many people who shar

24、ed my interest in automotivevi history. This English edition could only have been completed as a result of the crystallization of our friendships. I am grateful formy friends help and formy luck in having them as friends. In addition to technical nomenclature and terminology, every book contains unu

25、sual phrasing and methods ofwording as a result of the authors writing style and his literary and technical background. In translating these phrases and names, however, they must often be changed because priority must always be given to accuracy rather than to style. Particularly in The Romance ofEn

26、gines, I used rather philosophical words because I wanted to relate many historical facts in such a way as to provide lessons to todays people. I think the translation does indeed carry out my goal of teaching. Unfortunately, many of the puns and plays on words that make a book so enjoyable to the r

27、eader could not survive in the new language. As an aside to the reader, please realize that this book describes many his- torical events, and the lessons and impressions that I received from those happenings. I am confident of the historical accuracy of those events that happened inside Japan and Hi

28、no Motors; however, those events that took place in foreign countries may have some errors because of restricted or unrecoverable documents and records. The lessons to be learned on manu- facture, though, remain the same. As far as possible, the cited documents are listed at the end of this book. I

29、welcome any comments or suggestions on the contents of this book. I hope that you can glimpse the engineers spirits through this book. Takashi Suzuki Autumn 1995Preface to the Revised Edition More than five years have passed since the publication of the original edi- tion of The Romance ofEngines. D

30、uring this time, I have received com- ments and impressions from anumber ofreaders, some ofwhom were quite unexpected. Iam very pleased to have had people read and understand from my book some aspect of the engine, its technology and production, and the spirit ofmanagement. I offermy heartfelt thank

31、s to my readers for the time and effort in reading and responding tomy book. Recently, Mr. Tamotsu Kawashima of the President Publishing Company asked me to consider revising my book. I considered this request because substantial improvements to the engine have been made during the last five years .

32、 Many ofthese changes have occurred on the diesel engine as a result of recent environmental measures. In addition, I have gathered a great deal ofnew information-both historical accounts and more recent data-to which I added some ofmy own impressions and personal experiences. In addition, I have re

33、vised some of the older data in the light ofnew informa- tion and new experiences. Today, due to the rapid development of technology, we are enjoying conve- niences that as recently as half a century ago would have been unimagin- able. This convenience has as its price an explosive increase in the c

34、onsumption ofraw materials and energy. The increase in the rate of con- sumption is threatening our global environment. Environmental problems are becoming more serious day by day. Moreover, international problems, such as the overemphasis on economic development and the disparity in the standard of

35、living between the developed nations and the Third World coun- tries, are becoming increasingly complicated. Against this background, newly considered methods of production are being demanded. There are two roads to this “new production“: One is in the pursuit ofamore sophisti- cated and high-qualit

36、y product; the other is the search for harmony with nature. The search for technical improvement has as its origins the system of reasoning developed by Descartes; the longing for harmony with nature is the principle that has guided the Japanese people through their long cul- tural history. I feel t

37、hat the true path to our future lies in the merging of these two different roads so that these “new dreams“ can be pursued on aviii foundation ofhumanism laid down by our ancient wise men. If this book can serve as a roadmap to reach this “new dream,“ I will be overjoyed. I express my heartfelt grat

38、itude to Mr. Tamotsu Kawashima for his assis- tance in the publication of the revised edition, to the staffs of the new ACE and Hino Motors for their data arrangement and presentation, and to those many other people who provided me with valuable information and suggestions. Takashi Suzuki October 19

39、93From the Preface of “The Heart ofthe Engine“ In the winter of 1969, I traveled to Europe for the first time. Everything I saw and heard was fresh and marvelous to me. This awe was because at that time the direct-injection diesel engine was still in its infancy in Japan, and I was shocked by our si

40、gnificant lag in technological development as com- pared to Europe. I took the opportunity one day to visit the German museum, and I was astonished to see the aircraft engine made by Benz in 1910. This amazement was because of the way that Benz had mounted the oil pump to the aircraft engine. During

41、 the summer of 1966, I had been working to resolve an unexplained power loss in Hinos racing car HINO- PROTO each time it was tested on the Fuji Speedway. After much effort and hard work, I determined that the oilpump was causing thepower losses. Again, after much effort, I found a solution to the p

42、roblem. Fortunately, the HINOPROTO won the next race. What had amazed me was that my inno- vative solution had already been used on that old engine originally made in 1910. I was again surprised in the museum of the Mahle Piston Company, my next destination. I found that my invention for reducing oi

43、l consump- tion, which I believed was applicable to any engine, had been rather casu- ally exhibited as an example ofa particular solution thathad been arrived at halfa century ago. This is how my interest in museum visiting began. From my experience with museums, I began to understand that it is oc

44、casionally necessary to lookdown and observe the river of technology instead of always struggling in its currents. When one stands on a bridge, he can see upstream and predict the direction of the stream flow. Similarly, each significant accomplishment in the past offers, to those who can see, clues

45、 and suggestions as to how we may over- come the technological challenges we face today. In this book, I have gath- ered those suggestions and clues offered by history that impressed me, in the hope that they will guide and inspire those who labor everyday to improve technology.x Some people believe

46、 that our civilization based on mobility is close to its end because it has become too immense to function properly. They may also believe that, because of excessive automation, modern tech- nology has reached a critical juncture. Many people do not realize that technologies as advanced and seemingl

47、y remote as rockets and nuclear power are actually close to them. Having traveled the journey of the internal-combustion engine, I have learned that technology stems from the simple wish to improve human life. Because of this basic desire, one cannot help but find an unlimited sense of humanity with

48、in each advance in history of technology. More than 100 years have passed since the invention of the internal- combustion engine. But even today this engine is at the leading edge of technological advancement, along with the automobile. The reason for this is simply that the engine has become more a

49、nd more closely tied to human life. With the worldwide concern over the depletion ofenergy sources and envi- ronmental pollution, the technological improvements that can be made on the engine and the automobile are limitless. Thus, automotive engineers who can merge modern technologies with humanism are indeed fortunate. I am one of those people who envisage the future continuously improving, thanks to the efforts ofthe innovator and the engineer. Takashi Suzuki August 1980Table of Contents Chapter 1 WhyWas the Engine Needed? .1 Water Keeper Christiaan Huygens Idea . 1 Beginn