SAE R-122-1993 History of the Electric Automobile Battery-Only Powered Cars (To Purchase Call 1-800-854-7179 USA Canada or 303-397-7956 Worldwide).pdf
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1、History of the Electric Automobile Battery-Only Powered Cars Ernest H. WakefieldLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wakefield, Ernest Henry, 1915- History of the electric automobile : battery-only powered cars / Ernest Henry Wakefield. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and in
2、dex. ISBN 1-56091-299-5 : $49.00 1. Automobiles, Electric-History 2. Automobiles, Electric-Batteries- History. I. Title. TL220.W343 1993 629.2502-dc20 93-32254 CIP Copyright 1994 Ernest Henry Wakefield ISBN 1-56091-299-5 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Permission to pho
3、tocopy for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by SAE for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), provided that the base fee of $.50 per page is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923. Sp
4、ecial requests should be addressed to the SAE Publications Group. 1-56091-299-5/94 $.50 SAE Order No. R-122Gustave Trouv, who in 1881 first assembled an electric vehicle Courtesy: H. Munn on entrepreneurship and many economic papers on Third World nations: African, Southwest Pacific, as well as the
5、Caribbean. In history he has recently completed editing fifty booklets bearing text and etchings entitled Wakefields American Civil War Series. Among them are The Battle of Mobile Bay, 1988. He has written The Lighthouse That Wanted To Stay Lit, 1992, and also on genealogy for writers who have acces
6、s to a word processor. In fiction Dr. Wakefield wrote The Treasure of Fishermans Reef, 1953. Using his forty- year experience in nuclear energy, he has also chronicled the chance of nuclear winter, and has written a three volume love story. xiPreface This book is the story about electric automobiles
7、. In anticipation of oil shortages and increasing air pollution in American cities the U.S. Congress passed over a Presidential veto the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development and Demonstration Act of 1976. By nomenclature the Congress differentiated between battery-powered electric vehic
8、les and those vehicles which might have both battery-power as well as other means of propulsion. This particular book is devoted to the history of the battery-only powered electric vehicle and its components. A second volume is being written that covers the development of the many multi- powered ele
9、ctrics including battery-powered plus: a spring, an internal combustion engine, a flywheel, solar cell powered, and fuel cell vehicles and their unique constituents. As batteries, controllers, and electric motors are common to both classes of vehicles, their development is in this volume only. While
10、 probably no person has exact knowledge, qualitatively speaking possibly equal time has been spent on each of these two paths of personal transportation. Presently intense work is proceeding on battery-only powered vehicles with possibly less emphasis on multi-powered electric cars. Both approaches
11、have a rich background; however, no one knows which system will be followed in the near and distant future. To many the romance and nostalgia of electric cars and electric carriages have an almost mystical interest. Furthermore, with electricity being such a clean and versatile fuel that is so widel
12、y used, a perennial question is asked: why not employ it for personal transportation? Because no book chronicles the history of electric vehicles, the author collected this information and placed it in book form for its preservation. Fortunately, the author has been, for more than a third of a centu
13、ry, an integral part of the emerging electric vehicle industry in conception, design, construction, marketing, financing, and interpretation. This book, in treating the past of this long nascent industry, is an attempt to bring clean air to metropolitan cities worldwide. Hopefully objective and corr
14、ect, the authorship has been a labor of love. Electric cars have resulted from a happy arrangement of mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and chemical laws which, operating in perfect order, yield personal transportation. This book describes and illustrates the application of these natural laws to veh
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