SAE J 2611-2017 Off-Road Tire Replacement Guidelines.pdf

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1、SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J2611_201702 SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT - FEB2017 Issued 2010-12 Revised 2017-02 Superseding J2611 DEC2010 Off-Road Tire Replacement Guidelines RATIONALE Minor revisions have been made t

2、o clarify the hazards of running a tire to destruction and to specify inspection of tires that have been run severely underinflated. Minor wording changes have been made for clarification. FOREWORD This informational report defines typical tire damage, establishes guidelines for identifying personne

3、l responsible for evaluating the damage, and assists tire users in considering the damage along with site specific conditions to determine the need for replacement, removal, or repair of off-road tires. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose . 2 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 2.1.1 SAE

4、 Publications . 3 2.2 Related Publications 3 2.2.1 TRA Publication 3 2.2.2 ETRTO Publication 3 2.2.3 RMA Publication 3 2.2.4 MSHA Publication . 3 3. DEFINITIONS . 4 3.1 BULGE 4 3.2 BLISTER . 4 3.3 CHIPPING . 4 3.4 CHUNKING . 4 3.5 CRACKS . 4 3.6 CUT . 4 3.7 EXPOSED CORD . 4 3.8 PUNCTURE 4 3.9 SEPARA

5、TION . 4 4. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR RESPONSIBILITY 4 SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: 7KLV report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any

6、particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the XVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright

7、2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:

8、Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 2 of 12 5. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR LIMITS AND GUIDELINES . 5 5.1 Tire Construction . 5 5.1.1 T

9、read Compounding . 5 5.1.2 Radial versus Bias Ply Construction . 5 5.1.3 Steel Breaker or Belt versus Nylon Breaker or Belt 5 5.1.4 Strength Rating (Ply Rating, Star Rating, Load Index, Speed Symbol) 5 5.1.5 Tire Type (Loader, Scraper, Hauler, Grader, etc.) 5 5.1.6 Tire Tread Type Code Classificatio

10、ns, e.g., G2, E4, L5, etc. (TRA, ETRTO Codes) 5 5.1.7 Tire Size 5 5.2 Tire Operating Parameters 5 5.2.1 Machine Type 5 5.2.2 Wheel Position 5 5.2.3 Tire Speed and Cycle Times . 5 5.2.4 Tire Load . 5 5.2.5 Underfoot Conditions 5 5.2.6 Grades and Curves . 6 5.2.7 Operating Environment . 6 5.3 Tire Con

11、dition 6 5.3.1 Separations or Bulges . 6 5.3.2 Cracks or Splits . 6 5.3.3 Cuts or Snags . 6 5.3.4 Exposed Cords 6 5.4 Site Tire Performance History . 6 6. NOTES 6 6.1 Revision Indicator 6 APPENDIX A BIAS-PLY TIRE CONSTRUCTION . 7 APPENDIX B RADIAL-PLY TIRE CONSTRUCTION 8 APPENDIX C TIRE REMOVAL AND

12、REPAIR DOCUMENT - EXAMPLE 9 APPENDIX D TIRE INSPECTION GUIDELINE TRANSPORT MACHINES - EXAMPLE 10 APPENDIX E TIRE INSPECTION GUIDELINE WORK MACHINES - EXAMPLE . 11 APPENDIX F TIRE INSPECTION GUIDELINE OTHER MACHINES - EXAMPLE . 12 1. SCOPE This SAE information report covers the basic guidelines conce

13、rning off-road tire conditions that warrant replacement, removal, or repair. This material can assist the tire user in establishing specific written procedures for each job site. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this SAE document is to provide guidelines for construction, mining (surface and underground),

14、 and industrial operations in the development of site specific plans to identify conditions that warrant replacement, removal, or repair of off-road tires. These guidelines can also assist tire users in extending the useable life of tires. SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 3 of 12 2. REFERENCES 2.1 A

15、pplicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, T

16、el: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J751 Off-Road Tire and Rim Classification - Construction Machines SAE J1098 Ton Kilometer Per Hour Application SAE J1116 Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J1315 Off-Road Tire and Rim Sel

17、ection and Application SAE J1337 Off-Road Rim Maintenance Procedures and Service Precautions 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.2.1 TRA Publication Available from Tire and Rim Asso

18、ciation, 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321, Tel: 330-666-8121, www.us-tra.org. Yearbook 2.2.2 ETRTO Publication Available from European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation, Av. Brugmann, 32 - 1060 Brussels, Belgium, Tel: +32-2-344- 40-59, infoetrto.org. Standards Manual 2.2.3 RMA

19、 Publication Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association, 1400 K Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005, Tel: 202-682-4800, www.rma.org. Care and Service of Off-The-Highway Tires 2.2.4 MSHA Publication Available from Mine Safety and Health Administration, 201 12th Street South, Suite 401, A

20、rlington, VA 22202-5450, Tel: (202) 693-9400, www.msha.gov. MSHA IG 60 Tire and Rim Safety Awareness Program, Instruction Guide Series SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 4 of 12 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 BULGE An area of separation between or within tire components that is visible as a localized raised area

21、on the sidewall or tread of the tire due to air or other inert gas, e.g. nitrogen, that is trapped between tire components. This is not the expected outward deflection in the sidewall when the tire is under load, nor does it include the sidewall undulations (bulge-like appearances) adjacent to an in

22、dentation from a sidewall splice or molding undulations due to large abrupt changes in tread gauge between the lug and void. 3.2 BLISTER A localized bubble on the surface of a tire. 3.3 CHIPPING Flaking or tearing away small bits of tread rubber. 3.4 CHUNKING Tearing or breaking away pieces of tread

23、 rubber. 3.5 CRACKS Splits or narrow breaks in rubber compounds. Such splits need not be initiated by a foreign object. Also known as a split. 3.6 CUT Damage made by sharp or jagged objects (e.g., rocks, rock fragments). Also known as a snag. 3.7 EXPOSED CORD Belt or breaker, ply (usually nylon or s

24、teel) or other reinforcement and steel chafer or bead area reinforcement that can be seen. Excludes fabric (usually nylon) chafer. See Appendices A and B. 3.8 PUNCTURE Any penetration of a WLUHV air chamber by a foreign object resulting in loss of air. 3.9 SEPARATION The parting or delamination of a

25、ny adjacent parts of the tire (ply to ply, ply to rubber, etc.). NOTE: See Appendices A and B diagrams for tire construction components. 4. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR RESPONSIBILITY Due to the uniqueness of off-road operations, a written procedure (see Appendices C through F), specifically

26、 developed and implemented for each job site, should include: 4.1 Individuals (or job title) responsible for establishment of procedures. These typically include the Safety Department, Tire Shop Foreman, Maintenance Superintendent, appropriate job site management, servicing tire dealer, and tire man

27、ufacturer as required. 4.2 Management should identify one or more individuals or job titles responsible for deciding when a tire should be removed, repaired, or replaced. SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 5 of 12 4.3 Tire Inspection Frequency Visual and detailed tire inspection procedures should be e

28、stablished listing the responsible individuals (or job title), frequency of inspections, and reporting process including record retention. 4.4 The inspection process should be based on tire application, machine type, the WLUHV structural components, location of damage, the severity of damage, and hi

29、story of tire performance for each tire size used on a job site. If in doubt about a specific WLUHV structural components or damage condition, consult the tire manufacturer. NOTE: Intentionally running an off-road tire underinflated, overloaded or to destruction is an unsafe operating practice. Do n

30、ot run the tire until it loses inflation pressure, because this practice increases the likelihood of a catastrophic tire failure. Address any known or new damage. 5. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR LIMITS AND GUIDELINES The following tire construction, operating parameters, history of tire perf

31、ormance, and tire conditions should be taken into consideration when developing tire removal, replacement, and repair limits and guidelines. 5.1 Tire Construction 5.1.1 Tread Compounding 5.1.2 Radial versus Bias Ply Construction 5.1.3 Steel Breaker or Belt versus Nylon Breaker or Belt 5.1.4 Strength

32、 Rating (Ply Rating, Star Rating, Load Index, Speed Symbol) 5.1.5 Tire Type (Loader, Scraper, Hauler, Grader, etc.) 5.1.6 Tire Tread Type Code Classifications, e.g., G2, E4, L5, etc. (TRA, ETRTO Codes) 5.1.7 Tire Size And should address: 5.2 Tire Operating Parameters 5.2.1 Machine Type 5.2.2 Wheel P

33、osition NOTE: Wheel position (e.g., inner dual position) might not adequately protect personnel from injury if a tire with a known exposed structural component fails. 5.2.3 Tire Speed and Cycle Times Actual operating speed and distance versus rated ton mile per hour or ton kilometer per hour (TMPH o

34、r TKPH). 5.2.4 Tire Load Actual tire load versus rated tire load. 5.2.5 Underfoot Conditions 5.2.5.1 Wet 5.2.5.2 Rocky SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 6 of 12 5.2.5.3 Sandy or Loamy 5.2.5.4 Muddy 5.2.5.5 Snow or Ice 5.2.5.6 Uneven Surfaces 5.2.6 Grades and Curves 5.2.6.1 Super-elevation (Proper Roa

35、d Design) 5.2.6.2 Speed in Curves 5.2.6.3 Traction and Braking 5.2.6.4 % Grade and Load Transfer 5.2.6.5 Road Crown 5.2.7 Operating Environment Proximity to personnel and site location. 5.3 Tire Condition 5.3.1 Separations or Bulges 5.3.2 Cracks or Splits 5.3.3 Cuts or Snags 5.3.4 Exposed Cords NOTE

36、: If a structural component of a tire becomes exposed, the likelihood of tire failure increases. 5.4 Site Tire Performance History 5.5 Tires that have been run severely underinflated (less than 80% of operating pressure) shall be de-mounted and inspected for internal damage prior to re-inflation. 6.

37、 NOTES 6.1 Revision Indicator A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete

38、 revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE MTC8, TIRE AND RIM COMMITTEE OF THE SAE MACHINE TECHNICAL STEERING COMMITTEE SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page

39、 7 of 12 APPENDIX A BIAS PLY TIRE Tread Shoulder Breakers Plies Sidewall Liner Turn Up Chafer Bead Bundles Air Chamber SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 8 of 12 APPENDIX B RADIAL TIRE Tread Shoulder Belts Sidewall Ply Turn Up Chafer Bead Bundle Air Chamber SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 9 of 12 APP

40、ENDIX C TIRE REMOVAL AND REPAIR DOCUMENT (Example Only) JOB SITE For limits and guidelines in establishing a job site plan consult SAE J2611. DOCUMENT IMPLEMENTATION DATE DOCUMENT REVIEW DATE 1. INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION Job Site Superintendent Safety Foreman Eq

41、uipment Superintendent Tire Foreman Other 2. TIRE INSPECTION FREQUENCY 2.1 Visual Inspection Who? (Example: Operator) When? (Example: Daily or Shift) Reports to? (Example: Tire or Safety Foreman) 2.2 Detailed Inspection Who? When? Reports to? 3. TIRE INSPECTION PARAMETERS 3.1 Machine: , Tire Size an

42、d Brand:_ , Model:_ _, S/N: IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS EXIST OR ARE NOTED BY ANY JOB SITE PERSONNEL, THE DESIGNATED RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL SHOULD MAKE THE DECISION TO REMOVE OR REPAIR THE TIRE AND THE DISPOSITION SHOULD BE RECORDED IN THE APPROPRIATE LOG. SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 10

43、of 12 APPENDIX D TIRE INSPECTION GUIDELINE (Example Only) 3.2 Transport (Rigid Dumper, Articulated Dump Truck, Scraper, etc.) CONDITION TIRE SIZE TIRE TYPE LOC.1 MAXIMUM LIMITS ACTION REQUIRED SEPARATION or 23.5 25 20 PR E3 Remove for BULGE inspection and disposition CUTS or SNAGS 18.00 R 33 * E4 L

44、x W x D If limits exceeded remove for inspection and disposition CRACKS or 21.00 - 35 36 PR E3 L x W x D If limits exceeded SPLITS remove for inspection and disposition REMINING 40.00 R 57 * E4 32nds(or mm) If limits exceeded TREAD DEPTH Remaining remove for (Average inspection and Remaining) dispos

45、ition EXPOSED 37.00 R 57 * E4 Define limits for If limits exceeded CORD individual tire remove for inspection and disposition 1 Location: T - Tread Area. S - Sidewall, L - Lower Sidewall, A All SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 11 of 12 APPENDIX E TIRE INSPECTION GUIDELINE (Example Only) 3.3 WORK MAC

46、HINES (Wheel Loader, Grader, etc.) CONDITION TIRE SIZE TIRE TYPE LOC.1 MAXIMUM LIMITS ACTION REQUIRED SEPARATION or 23.5 25 20 PR L3 Remove for BULGE inspection and disposition CUTS or SNAGS 35/65 - 33 36 PR L5 L x W x D If limits exceeded remove for inspection and disposition CRACKS or 17.5 R 25 *

47、L2 L x W x D If limits exceeded SPLITS remove for inspection and disposition REMINING 45/65 R 45 * L4 32nds (or mm) If limits exceeded TREAD DEPTH Remaining remove for (Average inspection and Remaining) disposition EXPOSED 20.5 - 25 16 PR L3 Define limits for If limits exceeded CORD individual tire

48、remove for inspection and disposition 1 Location: T - Tread Area. S - Sidewall, L - Lower Sidewall, A All SAE INTERNATIONAL - FEB2017 Page 12 of 12 APPENDIX F TIRE INSPECTION GUIDELINE (Example Only) 3.4 OTHER MACHINES CONDITION TIRE SIZE TIRE TYPE LOC.1 MAXIMUM LIMITS ACTION REQUIRED SEPARATION or 23.5 25 20 PR L3 Remove for BULGE inspection and disposition CUTS or SNAGS 35/65 - 33 36 PR L5 L x W x D If limits exceeded remove for inspection and disposition CRACKS or 17.5 R 25 * L2 L x W x D If limits exceeded SPLITS remove for inspection and dispos