SAE J 987-2012 Lattice Boom Cranes - Method of Test《桁架吊臂起重机试验方法》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J987_201208SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ987 AUG2012 Issued 1967-05 Revised 2012-08Superse

5、ding J987 JUN2003 Lattice Boom Cranes - Method of Test RATIONALE This revision will provide editorial corrections to the latest published version and an added test requirement to strain gage test maximum rated load for fixed jibs with longest boom. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard applies to mobile constr

6、uction-type lifting cranes utilizing rope-supported, conventional and luffing type lattice boom crane structures. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this test method is to provide a systematic nondestructive procedure for determining the stresses induced in crane structures under specified conditions of sta

7、tic loading through use of resistance-type electric strain gages, and to specify appropriate acceptance criteria for specified loading conditions. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indic

8、ated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J1028 Mobile Crane Working Area Definitions

9、SAE J1093 Latticed Crane Boom Systems - Analytical Procedure SAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 2 of 30 2.1.2 ASTM Publication Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.orgASTM E 251 Test Methods for Performance

10、Characteristics of Bonded Resistance Strain Gages 2.1.3 Column Research Council Publication Available from Column Research Council, Cushing-Malloy, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, 1960. Guide to Design Criteria for Metal Compression Members 2.1.4 Joseph Marin Publication Available from Prentice-Hall, Inc., Eng

11、lewood, NJ, 1962. Mechanical Behavior of Engineering Materials 3. DEFINITIONS See Appendix A. 3.1 STRAIN (0 )Deformation of material at any given point with respect to a specific plane passing through that point, expressed as change in length per unit length.3.2 STRESS (S) The intensity of internal

12、force accompanying strain, expressed in force per unit area. For purposes of this test method, stress is related to measured strain by the uniaxial stress equation (see Equation 1): SE (within proportional limits)=(Eq.1) where: S = stress E = modulus of elasticity, for the material involved 0 = stra

13、in NOTE: The simple uniaxial stress formula may not be sufficiently accurate for some areas of crane structures under biaxial stress, and special consideration should be given in such cases (see Appendix B).3.3 YIELD POINT (Sy)The stress at which a disproportionate increase in strain occurs without

14、corresponding increase in stress. For purposes of this code, yield point is to be considered as the minimum 0.2% offset tensile yield point or yield (ASTM A 370) strength specified by the appropriate standard for the material used. 3.4 CRITICAL BUCKLING STRESS (Scr)The average stress which produces

15、an incipient buckling condition in column-type members (see Appendix C).SAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 3 of 30 3.5 INITIAL REFERENCE TEST CONDITION The defined no-stress or zero-stress condition of the crane structure after the “break-in” (see 7.3) as established by (a) supporting the structure on bl

16、ocking to minimize the effects of gravity, or (b) the crane structure components in an unassembled state or any alternate method that will establish the zero-stress condition. Under this condition, the initial reference reading for each gage is obtained, N1.3.6 DEAD LOAD STRESS CONDITION (DL) The co

17、mpletely assembled crane structure on the test site and in the position or attitude, ready to apply the specified live load at the specified radius. Under this condition, the second reading for each gage is obtained, N2.NOTE: Although the hook, block, slings, etc., are considered part of the suspend

18、ed load, for purposes of safety and practicality they may be supported by the crane when this reading is taken.3.7 DEAD LOAD STRESS (S1)The stress computed as defined in 3.2 by using the difference in the readings obtained in 3.6 and 3.5 for each gage (N2 N1).3.8 WORKING LOAD STRESS CONDITION The co

19、mpletely assembled crane structure on the test site and in the specified position, supporting the specified rated load. Under this condition, the third reading for each gage is obtained, N3.3.9 WORKING LOAD STRESS (S2)The stress computed as defined in 3.2 by using the difference in the readings obta

20、ined in 3.8 and 3.5 for each gage (N3 N1).3.10 RESULTANT STRESS (Sr)The maximum stress induced in the structure as a result of dead load stress (S1) or the working load stress (S2),whichever is greater in absolute magnitude. 3.10.1 COLUMN AVERAGE STRESS (Sra)The direct compression stress in a column

21、 or the average stress computed from the several gages located at the section (see Appendix C). 3.10.2 COLUMN MAXIMUM STRESS (Srm)The maximum compression stress in a column computed from the plane of buckling as established from the several gages located at the section (see Appendix C).3.11 LOADINGS

22、 The application of weights and/or forces of the magnitude specified under the condition specified.3.12 SPECIFIED The stated requirements of the manufacturer, the user, the testing agency, or any agreement between these parties.SAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 4 of 30 4. APPLICATIONS 4.1 This test meth

23、od is intended to describe the approximate maximum loading conditions to which any component of the entire load-supporting structure of a crane is subjected. In some cases, a more severe loading condition(s) may be indicated by analysis. In these cases, the more severe condition(s) may be added to o

24、r substituted for the specified test loading condition(s). It also classifies stress area Types I, II, III, and IV (see 9.1), and defines limits for each class. Results may be used to correlate boom calculation results for Class III stress areas as given, e.g., by SAE J1093 boom calculation method.

25、Test results for Class I stress areas throughout the structure may be used to check any available calculations. This test method evaluates Class II stress areas for which calculations are seldom available. Class IV stress areas, where disproportionately high stress readings can occur, may be reviewe

26、d for better insight by calculation methods. 4.2 This method applies to load-supporting structures as differentiated from power transmitting mechanisms. It is restricted to measuring strains under static conditions. 4.3 The procedures outlined are intended to supplement basic design analysis. One su

27、ch method of analysis for crane boom systems is presented in SAE J1093. The relationship of this test method to calculations as presented in SAE J1093 is as follows: 4.3.1 A production boom system (serially produced) can be rated by the methods outlined in SAE J1093, but a prototype of this system s

28、hould be subjected to the following test procedures as documentation of its capability. 4.3.2 A production boom system that has been rated by the methods of 4.3.1 may be used on another machine without retesting by the methods specified herein. This can be done only if the same analytical procedure

29、shows its stress levels will be less than in the original application and provided the supporting structure is as rigid as the original mounting. Rigidity of the supporting structure is determined by the change in the slope of the boom foot axis (see 8.5) as test loads are applied. 4.3.3 A specially

30、 designed boom system (not serially produced) similar to a known and tested design may be rated by the methods of SAE J1093. The applicable overload test conditions specified (see Tables 1 and 2) should also be applied as proof of competence.SAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 5 of 30 TABLE 1 - LUFFING AT

31、TACHMENT TYPE CRANE - TEST CONDITIONSTestTest Conditions First SelectTest ConditionsNotes TestConditionsThen ApplyWorking Load TestConditionsThen ApplyOverloadPurpose is to test: TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Under- carriage TestedComponentsand StrengthMargins* UpperStructureTestedComponent

32、s and StrengthMargins* Boom andJib(s) TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Suspension(Except Ropes) A Max numerical rated load at its longest rated radius. Use longest luffing boom rated with this load 2 91617(Y) RL with upper structure in any position(Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less.

33、Integrity luffing boom, luffing jib, and upper structure Y, ZY,Z B Max (RR x RL) with largest rated load allowed at this load moment.3 6 81217(Y) RL and SL(0.02 x RL) both left and right. Orient upper structure to any position.(Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure to

34、any position. Upper structure and suspension for maximum load moment Y,Z Y,Z C Max (RR x RL) over side, with largest rated load allowedat this load moment. 1 3 5 6 7 817(Y) RL and position upperstructure in allowedrotation range to obtain maximumstrain in member tested.(Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, wh

35、ichever is less. Orient upper structure to any position. Undercarriagefor maximum load moment.Y,Z D Max (RR x RL) over end, with largest rated load allowedat this load moment. 1 3 5 6 7 817(Y) RL and position upperstructure in allowedrotation range to obtain maximumstrain in member tested.(Z) 1.25 R

36、L ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure to any position. Undercarriagefor maximum load moment.Y,Z SAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 6 of 30 TABLE 1 - LUFFING ATTACHMENT TYPE CRANE - TEST CONDITIONS (CONTINUED) TestTest Conditions First SelectTest ConditionsNotes TestConditionsThen Ap

37、plyWorking Load TestConditionsThen ApplyOverloadPurpose is to test: TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Under- carriage TestedComponentsand StrengthMargins* UpperStructureTestedComponents and StrengthMargins* Boom andJib(s) TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Suspension(Except Ropes) E Rated r

38、adius which produces max (RR x RL). Use Luffing boom with longest luffing jib, which has a rating at this radius.1314151617(Y) RL and SL(0.02 x RL) both left and right, upper structure over a corner. (Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure over a corner. Integrity of lu

39、ffing boom, luffing jib, and suspension. Y,Z Y,Z F Longest combination of luffing boom + luffing jib offered for each specified suspension.41618(X) Suspend luffing boom, luffing jib, just clear of ground.None Integrity of luffing boom, luffing jib, and suspension X X X G Longest combination of luffi

40、ng boom + luffing jib offered for each specified suspension.13141516(Y) RL at minimum RR and SL (0.02 x RL) both left and right, upper structureover a corner (Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure over a corner. Integrity of luffing boom, luffing jib, and suspension. Y

41、,Z Y,Z H Max (luffing jib RL x LJL x sin). Use longest luffing jib where this condition exists. Then select longest luffing boom for the above conditions.1113141516(Y) RL at max RR and SL(0.02 x RL) Both left and right, upper structure over a corner. (Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Or

42、ient upper structure over a corner. Integrity of luffing boom under condition of max torsion. Y,Z SAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 7 of 30 TABLE 1 - LUFFING ATTACHMENT TYPE CRANE - TEST CONDITIONS (CONTINUED) TestTest Conditions First SelectTest ConditionsNotes TestConditionsThen ApplyWorking Load Test

43、ConditionsThen ApplyOverloadPurpose is to test: TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Under- carriage TestedComponentsand StrengthMargins* UpperStructureTestedComponents and StrengthMargins* Boom andJib(s) TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Suspension(Except Ropes) I Fixed Jib Test Longest comb

44、ination of luffing boom, luffing jib, and fixed jib(s) for eachspecifiedsuspension with min. fixed jib offset. 410111618(X) Suspend boom and jib(s) just clear of ground.None Integrity of luffing boom, luffing jib, fixed jib, upper structure, andsuspension. X X X J Fixed Jib Test Longest combination

45、of luffing boom, luffing jib, and fixed jib(s) for eachspecifiedsuspension with min. fixed jib offset. 101113141516(Y) RL at min RR and SL(0.02 x RL) both left and right, upper structure overa corner. (Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure over a corner. Integrity of l

46、uffing boom, luffing jib and fixed jib. Y,Z K Fixed Jib Test Max (fixed jib RL x FJL x sin). Use longest fixed jib where this condition exists. Then select longest luffing jib for the above conditions.1113141516(Y) RL at maxRR and SL(0.02 x RL) both left and right, upper structure over a corner. (Z)

47、 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure over a corner. Integrity of luffing jib and fixed jib. Y,Z L Midfall TestMax numerical rated load at its longest rated radius. Use longest luffing jib rated with this load.131516(Y) RL and SL(0.02 x RL) both left and right. Orient up

48、per structure to any position.(Z) 1.25 RL ortipping load, whichever is less. Orient upper structure to any position. Integrity of luffing jib, suspension, and midfall Y, ZY, ZSAE J987 Revised AUG2012 Page 8 of 30 TABLE 1 - LUFFING ATTACHMENT TYPE CRANE - TEST CONDITIONS (CONTINUED) TestTest Conditio

49、ns First SelectTest ConditionsNotes TestConditionsThen ApplyWorking Load TestConditionsThen ApplyOverloadPurpose is to test: TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Under- carriage TestedComponentsand StrengthMargins* UpperStructureTestedComponents and StrengthMargins* Boom andJib(s) TestedComponents and Strength Margins* Suspension(Except Ropes) M Midfall TestLongest combina