SAE J 153-1987 Operator Precautions.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT

3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1987 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta

4、ndardJ153REV.MAY87Issued 1970-01Revised 1987-05Superseding SAE J153OPERATOR PRECAUTIONSForewordThis Document has also changed to comply with the new SAE Technical Standards Board format.1. ScopeThese general operator precautions apply to off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116,JUN85, Categori

5、es one, two, four and five and agricultural tractors in Category three. These should not beconsidered as all inclusive for all specific uses and unique features of each particular machine. Other morespecific operator precautions not mentioned herein should be covered by users of this recommended pra

6、cticefor each particular machine application.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of the recommended practice is to define a list of operator precautions that should bestressed in operator training and in the preparation of operator manuals.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a

7、 part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the lastest revision of SAE publications shall apply2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001SAE J1116 JUN85Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines3. Per

8、sonnel Precautions3.1 Avoid loose fitting clothing, loose or uncovered long hair, jewelry and loose personal articles.3.2 Know and use the protective equipment that is to be worn when operating this machine. Hard hats, protectiveglasses, protective shoes, gloves, reflector type vests, respirators an

9、d ear protection are examples of types ofequipment that may be required.3.3 Do not rush. Walk, do not run.3.4 Know and use the hand signals required for particular jobs and know who has the responsibility for signaling.SAE J153 Revised MAY87-2-4. Operator - General Precautions4.1 It is the responsib

10、ility of the operator to read and understand the Operators Manual and other informationprovided and use the correct operating procedure. Machines should be operated only by qualified operators.4.2 Wear the seat belt to maximize the protection capability of a ROPS (Roll Over Protective Structure) whe

11、n themachine is so equipped.4.3 Do not permit riders on the machine if there is no manufacturers designated place for a rider.4.4 Make sure that all protective guards, canopies, doors, etc. are in place and secure.4.5 Remove all loose objects stored in the machine. Remove all objects which do not be

12、long in or on the machineand its equipment.5. Mounting And Dismounting Precautions5.1 Use the recommended hand holds and steps with at least three points of support when getting on and off themachine. Keep steps and platform clean. Face the access system when climbing up and down.5.2 Do not jump off

13、 the machine.5.3 Do not dismount while the machine is in motion.6. Starting And Stopping Precautions6.1 Walk around the machine and warn all personnel who may be servicing the machine or are in the machine pathprior to starting. Do not start until all personnel are clearly away from the machine.6.2

14、Check that the parking device is applied, place the transmission in neutral or park as specified by themanufacturer, and disengage the PTO before starting the machine.6.3 Adjust, secure and latch the seat and fasten the seat belt (if provided) before starting the machine.6.4 Start and operate the ma

15、chine only from the operators station.6.5 Do not bypass the machines neutral-start system. The neutral-start system must be repaired if it malfunctions.6.6 Use jumper cables only in the recommended manner. Improper use can result in battery explosion orunexpected machine motion.6.7 Do not operate th

16、e engine in an enclosed area without adequate ventilation.6.8 Park the machine on level ground whenever possible and apply the parking device. On grades, park themachine with the wheels or track securely blocked.6.9 Before leaving the operators station, place the transmission in the park position as

17、 specified by themanufacturer, lower the equipment to the ground or put in the locked position, disengage the PTO, set theparking device and shut off the engine.6.10 Remove the starter key or disconnect switch key when leaving the machine parked or unattended.SAE J153 Revised MAY87-3-7. Operating Pr

18、ecautions7.1 Check brakes, steering and other machine control devices in accordance with the manufacturers instructionsprior to starting operation. Observe all gauges or warning instruments for proper operation. Operate allcontrols to insure proper operation. If any malfunctions are found, follow th

19、e shutdown procedure of paragraph6.9, and report the malfunction for resolution.7.2 If a failure that causes loss of control such as steering, service brakes or engine occurs, stop the machinemotion as quickly as possible, follow the shutdown procedure of paragraph 6.9, and keep machine securelypark

20、ed until the malfunction is corrected or the machine can be safely towed.7.3 Understand the machine limitations and keep the machine under control.7.4 Drive the machine with care and at speeds compatible with conditions. Use extra caution when operating overrough ground, on slopes, and when turning

21、the machine.7.5 Note and avoid all hazards and obstructions such as ditches, underground lines, trees, cliffs, overheadelectrical wires or areas where there is danger of a slide.7.6 Carry loads in recommended positions for maximum stability.7.7 Never lift loads in excess of capacity.7.8 Use the reco

22、mmended machine ballast and counterweighting.7.9 Know and understand the job site traffic flow patterns and obey flagmen, road signs and signals.7.10 Watch for bystanders and never allow anyone to be under or to reach through the machine and its equipmentwhile operating.7.11 Select a gear that will

23、prevent excessive speed when going downhill. Do not coast downhill.7.12 When roading a machine, know and use the signaling devices required on the machine. Provide an escort forroading where required.7.13 On machines with independently operated wheel brakes, lock the brake pedals together when roadi

24、ng toprovide equalized brake application.7.14 Use the recommended transport devices when roading the machine.7.15 Use the approved drawbar and/or attachment point when using the machine for towing. If a cable or chain isused, keep people away from the tow line (see paragraph 8.12).8. Maintenance Pre

25、cautions8.1 Do not attempt repairs unless trained. Refer to manuals and experienced repair personnel for help.8.2 Wear protective glasses and other required safety equipment when servicing or repairing the machine.8.3 Wear gloves to protect hands when handling cable.8.4 Disconnect the battery before

26、 working on the electrical system.SAE J153 Revised MAY87-4-8.5 Avoid lubrication or mechanical adjustments with the machine in motion or the engine operating. If the enginemust be in operation to make certain adjustments, place the transmission in neutral, apply the parking device,place the equipmen

27、t in a safe position, securely block the wheels and use extreme caution.8.6 Securely block the machine or any component that may fall before working on the machine or component.8.7 To prevent unexpected movement, securely block working elements when repairing or changing working toolparts such as cu

28、tting edges.8.8 Never make repairs on pressurized components, fluid, gas or mechanical until the pressure has been relievedaccording to the manufacturers instructions.8.9 Use extreme caution when removing radiator caps, drain plugs, grease fittings or pressure taps. Park themachine and let it cool d

29、own before opening a pressurized compartment.8.10 Release all pressure before working on systems which have an accumulator. Use a piece of cardboard orwood to check for pressurized leaks to prevent fluid penetrating the skin. Repressurize accumulators with theproper gas according to manufacturers re

30、commendations.8.11 When inflating tires, use a self-attaching inflation chuck with remote shutoff and stand clear of the tire.8.12 When necessary to tow the machine, do not exceed the recommended towing speed. Be sure the towingmachine has sufficient braking capacity to stop the towed load. If the t

31、owed machine cannot be braked, atowbar must be used or two towing machines must be used - one in front pulling and one in the rear to retard.Avoid towing over long distances (see paragraph 7.15).8.13 Observe proper maintenance procedures.8.14 Whenever servicing or replacing hardened pins, etc. use a

32、 brass drift or other suitable material between thehammer and pin.8.15 Keep the brakes and steering systems in good operating condition.8.16 Replace all missing, illegible or damaged safety signs. Keep all safety signs clean.9. Fuel Handling Precautions9.1 Do not smoke or permit open flames while fu

33、eling or near fueling operations.9.2 Never remove the fuel cap or refuel gasoline engine powered machines with the engine running or hot. Neverallow fuel to spill on hot machine components.9.3 Maintain control of the fuel filler nozzle when filling the tank.9.4 Do not fill the fuel tank to capacity.

34、 Allow room for expansion.9.5 Clean up spilled fuel immediately.9.6 Tighten the fuel tank cap securely. Should the fuel cap be lost, replace it only with the original manufacturersapproved cap. Use of a non-approved cap without proper venting may result in pressurization of the tank.9.7 Never use fu

35、el for cleaning purposes.9.8 Use the correct fuel grade for the operating season.SAE J153 Revised MAY87-5-10. Notes10.1 Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of

36、the report. An (R) symbol to the leftof the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.PREPARED BY THE SAE HUMAN FACTORS TECHNICALCOMMITTEE SC 6OPERATOR ACCOMMODATIONSAE J153 Revised MAY87RationaleThe intent of this 5-year review is to update J153, Safety Considerations for the Opera

37、tor bymodifying and expanding its content in keeping with todays broader activities, machine changes,operating conditions and changing safety standards effected since this recommended practice wasapproved in 1970.It is proposed that the title be changed to “Operator Precautions“ in place of “Safety

38、Considerations“ tocomply with SAE J1159 AUG79 “Preparation of SAE Technical Documents“, paragraph 6.7.5.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable.ApplicationThe purpose of the recommended practice is to define a list of operator precautions that shouldbe stressed in operator training and in the preparation of operator manuals.Reference SectionSAE J1116 JUN85Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work MachinesDeveloped by the SAE Human Factors Technical Committee SC 6Operator AccommodationSponsored by the SAE Human Factors Technical Committee