SAE AS 5505-2001 Requirements for Accreditation of Testing Laboratories for Organic Coatings《有机涂层检测实验室认可要求》.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.

3、A.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001AEROSPACE STANDARDAS5505Issued 2001-05Requirements for Accreditation of Testing Laboratories for Organic CoatingsFOREWORDThe primary aim of this document

4、 is to assist both accreditation bodies and laboratories in achieving a uniform approach to testing and reporting of results for chemical efficiency and performance testing of organic coatings. These interpretations of ISO/IEC 17025 have been produced to better facilitate mutual recognition of test

5、results across economic boundaries as well as for testing for domestic requirements only.1. SCOPE:1.1 Purpose:This document provides interpretation of ISO/IEC 17025 and establishes additional requirements for accreditation of testing laboratories for evaluating organic coatings.1.2 Field of Applicat

6、ion:ISO/IEC 17025 is the basis of most laboratory accreditation activities. Its clause numbering has been used in this document. Interpretation has been provided only where relevant.Laboratories seeking recognition of their test reports outside of their own economy should meet the requirements of IS

7、O/IEC 17025, this document, the applicable regulatory codes or rules of the destination economy, and the applicable standards of the destination economy.To assist manufacturers, importers and regulatory authorities in recognizing that a report is from an appropriately accredited laboratory, test rep

8、orts should bear the accreditation bodys approved form of endorsement or logo.SAE AS5505 - 2 -1.3 Safety - Hazardous Materials:While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does n

9、ot address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Docu

10、ments:The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been

11、canceled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply.2.1.1 SAE Publications: None2.1.2 ISO Publications: Available from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO/IEC 17025 General Requiremen

12、ts for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories (Dated Dec. 16, 1999)3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:The following requirements are interpretations of specific paragraphs of ISO/IEC 17025, and additions to ISO/IEC 17025.3.1 Management:Specific interpretations shall be in accordance with Tabl

13、e 1.3.2 Technical:Specific interpretations shall be in accordance with Table 2.3.3 Future Revisions of ISO/IEC 17025:Use of a specific issue of ISO/IEC 17025 is for clarity. Future revisions of ISO/IEC 17025, when published may be used providing paragraphs correspond in kind to those of the issue li

14、sted in 2.1.2.SAE AS5505 - 3 -TABLE 1 - Specific Interpretations - Management, ISO/IEC 17025ISO 17025Paragraph Interpretation4.3 DocumentControl4.3.1 Laboratories testing for a number of economies will need to give particular attention to their view of client requests to ensure that differences in s

15、tandards and regulatory requirements are taken into account. Care must be taken to ensure that there is a clear understanding by both the laboratory and client for which economy the testing is to be performed. This must be appropriately documented in the test plan.Should the client request any devia

16、tions from the relevant standard or specification, these must be clearly defined and documented. The client must also be made aware that the resulting test reports will clearly identify such deviations.4.6 PurchasingServices andSupplies4.6.1 It is essential that supplies of the consumables applicabl

17、e for a particular economy be obtained from a common source for all laboratories if at all possible.4.6.2 Where practical, new supplies of consumables must be evaluated in appropriate reference instruments.Supplies of consumables must be subject to regular review to ensure that old stocks or batches

18、 are discarded when beyond recognized shelf life limits or are degraded, as demonstrated by a standard test.SAE AS5505 - 4 -TABLE 2 - Specific Interpretations - Technical, ISO/IEC 17025ISO 17025Paragraph Interpretation5.2 Personnel5.2.1 Chemical efficiency and performance testing requires expertise

19、in a broad range of measurement disciplines. While extensive expertise in all of these is not expected, staff performing such tests must have been trained to a level which permits them to evaluate all aspects of the testing processes. For a laboratory performing tests on a range of products, this ex

20、pertise would typically include the following measurements:Energy Liquid flowGas flow MassPhotometry ChromatographySpectrophotometry Mass SpectrometryTemperature Temperature RiseWater HardnessIn particular, it is necessary for testing staff to understand the limitations of and uncertainties associat

21、ed with the various measurement techniques used in their laboratories.While it may be difficult (or impossible) to determine combined uncertainties for different parameters, it is still necessary for staff to have an adequate understanding of the relative importance of the various uncertainties asso

22、ciated with the measurements as a means of evaluating the adequacy of the measurement processes used.For high precision measurements of some parameters, a high level of expense measurement and uncertainty analysis is essential.SAE AS5505 - 5 -5.2.5 Laboratory management must ensure that staff involv

23、ed in tests which require a visual examination have adequate visual acuity and normal color vision. Color vision and visual acuity testing and documentation by a licensed, degreed ophthalmologist or optometrist must be available on file for inspection. Records of checks on vision and internal profic

24、iency tests must be retained.Laboratory management must participate in internal proficiency tests with other testing staff to ensure consistency. (See 5.9)5.3 Accommodationand EnvironmentalConditions5.3.1 Power supplies must be suitably conditioned where noise or voltage fluctuations on the main sup

25、ply would have an impact on the measured performance of the test equipment. Where practical, the power supply for the instrumentation should be suitably isolated from that used for the test equipment. The use of isolation transformers for susceptible instrumentation is required.5.3.3 Test facilities

26、 must provide for adequate isolation of the test instrumentation from the test environment where it may compromise the reliability of the test results.5.3.5 Cleanliness of workbenches should be such that items such as soil swatches are not additionally soiled. Cotton gloves, chemical resistant or si

27、milar hand coverings that are required by OSHA or authoritative health and safety regulatory agencies shall be supplied to and used by analysts.5.4 Test andCalibration Methodsand MethodValidationTABLE 2 - Specific Interpretations - Technical, ISO/IEC 17025 (Continued)ISO 17025Paragraph Interpretatio

28、nSAE AS5505 - 6 -5.4.2 In general, the level of detail contained in standards is insufficient to ensure repeatability and reproducibility. Documented test procedures or work instructions will normally be required to ensure that the requirements of the standards can be applied within the laboratory c

29、ontext. In North America laboratory practices shall follow as closely as possible the guidance outlines in the US EPA published common Good Laboratories Practices (cGLP) (40 CFR PART 160) or the equivalent guides in Canada and Mexico.Documented test procedures or work instructions must, where possib

30、le, meet the exact requirements of the standards. In some instances, laboratories testing products to a range of national, regional or international standards may choose to develop generic test procedures. Such generic procedures must, however, clearly identify where reference to a particular nation

31、al or regional difference has to be applied.Deviations from standards or specifications must be avoided unless there is a clear allowance for this in the regulatory framework of the destination economy.In instances where standards are unclear or lack detail, laboratories must make all reasonable eff

32、orts to ensure that any interpretations made are consistent with those of other laboratories and regulatory authorities. The relevant standards writing body should be the first contact. Other laboratories accredited for the same test should also be consulted. Attendance at relevant meetings where su

33、ch interpretations are discussed is strongly encouraged. Regulatory approval for particular interpretations must also be sought where appropriate or required.Records of all interpretive decisions must be retained. These should include the rationale for the interpretation and be signed by the respons

34、ible official of the laboratory.(Where a standard does not adequately define the testing methods or contains ambiguities which would make it impossible to consistently apply the requirements, an accreditation body may refuse accreditation against such a standard.)TABLE 2 - Specific Interpretations -

35、 Technical, ISO/IEC 17025 (Continued)ISO 17025Paragraph InterpretationSAE AS5505 - 7 -Where particular operator techniques may have an effect on the test results (such as positioning and application method of thermocouples for temperature measurement, or application of soil to plates), test procedur

36、es must fully describe these to a level where another operator could reasonably be expected to replicate the technique. Photographs or diagrams may be useful aids.Where visual examination forms a part of the testing, test procedures must incorporate detailed protocols and criteria for evaluation of

37、the test outputs such that different testing officers can achieve consistency.5.5 Equipment5.5.2 Standards usually provide a range of specifications for the test instrumentation and auxiliary equipment rather than defining particular types or models. New and innovative technologies may, however, pro

38、vide for improved measurements, while instrumentation must meet all of the requirements of the applicable standard wherever possible. Instruments having specifications which differ from those of the standard method may be considered for use provided that the laboratory can demonstrate equivalence qu

39、antitatively.Appendix 2 provides guidance on the calibration of the major items of equipment used in energy efficiency testing.5.6 MeasurementTraceability5.6.1 All measuring instruments must meet the requirements of the accreditation body for deliberation traceability and if specified, those of the

40、relevant regulatory authority.TABLE 2 - Specific Interpretations - Technical, ISO/IEC 17025 (Continued)ISO 17025Paragraph InterpretationSAE AS5505 - 8 -5.6.2.2 Care must be taken where manufacturers supply “reference“ artifacts for the calibration of instruments. Unless provided with a calibration c

41、ertificate from an accredited laboratory, such an artifact must be calibrated as part of the usual comissioning processes and included on the laboratorys equipment calibration schedule. References must be documentation traceable to a primary authoritative source, such as NIST in North America.5.6.3.

42、2 While reflectance standards may be regarded as having an absolute reflectance of almost 100%, commissioning checks must be performed to ensure that the reference is in fact as specified.5.7 Sampling Test samples must be selected in accordance with the requirements of the destination economy.5.9 As

43、suring theQuality of Test andCalibration ResultsLaboratories must undertake intra-laboratory proficiency tests using reference test items to ensure the ongoing stability of their testing processes and the suitability of consumables. This must, where possible, include the performance of tests by diff

44、erent staff members as a means of ensuring consistency of testing techniques. Particular attention should be given to test methods which require some level of operator judgement, technique or physical attribute.Inter-laboratory testing may be arranged with accreditation bodies or regulatory authorit

45、ies. Where this does not occur, laboratories are encouraged to seek cooperation with other laboratories.5.10 Reporting ofResultsTABLE 2 - Specific Interpretations - Technical, ISO/IEC 17025 (Continued)ISO 17025Paragraph InterpretationSAE AS5505 - 9 -3.4 Precedence:In the event of a conflict between

46、the text of this document and ISO/IEC 17025, the text of this document shall take precedence.4. NOTES:4.1 Keywords:Accreditation, organic coatings, laboratory4.2 Definition of Acronyms:CFR - Code of Federal RegulationsEPA - Environmental Protection AgencyIEC - International Electrotechnical Commissi

47、onISO - International Standards OrganizationNIST - National Institute of Standards and TechnologyOSHA - Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationPREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF AMS COMMITTEE “G-8“5.10.1 Test reports must meet all of the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025, the accreditation body, t

48、he standard, and the relevant regulatory authority.Where the requirements of one of the above exceeds those of any other, the most rigorous requirement is to be met.In addition to the information required above, reports on tests which involve the use of consumable materials, must provide as much inf

49、ormation as practical on the batch and lot identification and brand name of the source of supply. Documents characterizing these materials must be kept on file and available for inspection.5.10.3.1 Deviations from the requirements of the standard or regulatory requirements must be clearly identified in the test report. In such cases, any statement of compliance or non-compliance must be qualified appropriately.TABLE 2 - Specific Interpretations - Technical, ISO/IEC 17025 (Continued)ISO 17025Paragraph Interpretation