NEMA SB 2-2016 TRAINING MANUAL ON FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS.pdf

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1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEMA SB 2-2016Training Manual on Fire Alarm SystemsNEMA Standards Publication SB 2-2016 Training Manual on Fire Alarm Systems Published by: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900 Rosslyn,

2、Virginia 22209 www.nema.org 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American co

3、pyright conventions. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement amon

4、g every person participating in the development of this document. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brin

5、gs together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test,

6、 evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequentia

7、l, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warra

8、nty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available,

9、NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek

10、the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not c

11、overed by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with

12、any health- or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.SB 2-2016 Page i 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Section 1 General . 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Referenced Stand

13、ards 1 1.3 General Definitions 1 Section 2 Basic Fire Alarm Systems . 16 2.1 General 16 2.2 Control Unit 16 2.3 Notification Methods 17 2.3.1 Non-coded System 17 2.3.2 Zoned Non-coded System 17 2.3.3 Coded System . 17 2.3.4 Master Coded System 18 2.3.5 March-Time Coded System 18 2.3.6 Selective Code

14、d System . 18 2.3.7 Temporal Code 3 Pattern 18 2.3.8 Zoned Coded System . 18 2.4 Emergency Communication Systems (ECS) 19 2.5 Control Unit Operation . 19 2.6 Circuits and Pathways . 21 2.7 Initiating Device Circuits (IDCs) . 21 2.7.1 Two-Wire, Class B Circuit, using Initiating Devices and an End-Of-

15、Line Device . 21 2.7.2 Four-Wire, Class A Circuit, using Initiating Devices . 22 2.8 Notification Appliance Circuits (NACs) 22 2.8.1 Two-Wire, Class B, Direct Current Notification Appliance Circuits . 22 2.8.2 Two-Wire, Class B, Audio Notification Appliance Circuits 23 2.8.3 Four-Wire, Class A, Noti

16、fication Appliance Circuits 23 2.9 Signaling Line Circuits (SLC) 24 2.10 Power Supplies 25 2.11 Supplementary Circuits and Devices 26 2.12 Types of Control Systems . 26 2.12.1 Protected Premises (Local) Fire Alarm System (Chapter 23, NFPA 72) 26 2.12.2 Dedicated Function Fire Alarm Systems and Emerg

17、ency Control Functions . 27 2.12.3 In-Building Fire Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems (Chapter 24, NFPA 72) 28 2.12.4 Combination Systems . 28 2.12.5 Interconnected Fire Alarm Control Units . 29 2.12.6 Emergency Communications Systems . 29 2.12.7 Supervising Station Alarm Systems (Chapter

18、 26, NFPA 72) 32 2.12.8 Central Station Service Alarm Systems (Chapter 26, NFPA 72) 32 2.12.9 Proprietary Supervising Station Alarm Systems (Chapter 26, NFPA 72) . 33 2.12.10 Remote Supervising Station Alarm Systems (Chapter 26, NFPA 72) 33 2.12.11 Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems (Chapter 2

19、7, NFPA 72) . 35 SB 2-2016 Page ii 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Section 3 Fire Alarm System Concepts 37 3.1 General 37 3.2 Multiplexing or Networking 37 3.3 Circuit Interfaces (Transponders, Data Gathering Panels) . 38 3.4 Multiplexed or Networked Outputs 38 3.5 Addressability

20、40 3.6 Intelligent (Smart) Circuit Interfaces 41 3.7 Programming . 41 3.8 Addressable Devices . 41 3.9 Multiplexing Technology 42 3.10 Active Multiplex 42 3.11 Digital Signaling . 42 3.12 Analog Sensors . 43 3.13 Intelligent Systems 43 3.14 Displays . 45 3.15 Digital Alarm Communicator Systems (DACS

21、) . 45 Section 4 Initiating Devices . 46 4.1 Manual and Automatic Alarm Initiating Devices 46 4.2 Manual Fire Alarm Boxes 46 4.2.1 Non-Coded Fire Alarm Boxes . 46 4.2.2 Coded Fire Alarm Boxes . 46 4.2.3 Pre-signal Fire Alarm Boxes . 46 4.2.4 General Alarm Fire Alarm Boxes 46 4.2.5 Breakglass Fire Al

22、arm Boxes 46 4.2.6 Single-action fire alarm boxes . 47 4.2.7 Double-action fire alarm boxes . 47 4.3 Automatic Alarm Initiating Devices 48 4.3.1 Classification of Automatic Fire Detectors 48 4.3.2 Heat-Sensing Fire Detectors . 50 4.3.3 Smoke Sensing Fire Detectors . 53 4.4 Switches On Automatic Fire

23、 Suppression Systems 55 4.4.1 Waterflow Switch on Sprinkler Systems . 55 4.4.2 Alarm Switches on Fire Suppression Systems . 55 4.4.3 Supervisory Monitoring for Sprinkler Systems 55 4.4.4 Engine Driven Generator Supervision 56 4.5 Installation Wiring 56 4.6 Pathway ClassCircuit Classes. For Conventio

24、nal Initiating Device Circuit (IDC) 60 Section 5 Notification Appliances 62 5.1 General 62 5.2 Alarm Notification Appliances 62 5.3 Audible Alarm Notification Appliances 62 5.3.1 Bells 62 5.3.2 Horns . 62 SB 2-2016 Page iii 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 5.3.3 Chimes 63 5.3.4 Buz

25、zers . 63 5.3.5 Sirens 63 5.3.6 Speakers . 63 5.3.7 Electronic Alarms 63 5.4 Visible Alarm Notification Appliances 64 5.5 Combination Audible/Visible Notification Appliances 64 5.6 Exit Marking Audible Notification Appliance 64 5.7 Textual Audible Notification Appliance 64 5.8 Visible Notification A

26、ppliance 65 5.9 Textual Visible Notification Appliance. 65 5.9.1 Visible Annunciators 65 5.9.2 Lamp Annunciators . 65 5.9.3 Drop-Type Annunciators . 65 5.9.4 Incandescent Lamp . 65 5.9.5 Solid-State Lamp . 65 5.9.6 Fluorescent Lamp . 65 5.10 Permanent Recorders . 66 5.10.1 Punch Registers 66 5.10.2

27、Print Recorders . 66 5.10.3 Time Stamps . 66 5.11 Installation Wiring 66 Section 6 Installation Instructions for Fire Alarm Systems 69 6.1 General 69 6.2 Location of System Components 69 6.2.1 General . 69 6.2.2 Fire Alarm Control Units 69 6.2.3 Alarm Initiating Devices 69 6.2.4 Audible Alarm Notifi

28、cation Appliances 70 6.2.5 Visible Alarm Notification Appliances 70 6.2.6 Visible Alarm Signal Annunciators 71 6.2.7 Permanent Recorders . 71 6.2.8 Trouble Signal Appliances 71 6.3 Power Supplies 71 6.3.1 Number of Sources Required . 71 6.3.2 Primary (Main) Power Supplies 71 6.3.3 Secondary (Standby

29、) Power Supplies 72 6.3.4 Batteries 73 6.4 Requirements for Installation of Wiring and Equipment 73 6.5 Manufacturers Published Instructions 74 6.6 Local Codes . 74 6.7 Types of Circuits 74 6.8 Intermixing of Circuits 74 SB 2-2016 Page iv 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 6.8.1 Non-

30、Power-Limited Circuits and Conductors 74 6.8.2 Power-Limited Circuits and Conductors (NFPA 70, Article 760-136) . 74 6.9 Enclosed Versus Exposed Wiring . 76 6.10 Selecting Conductors and Cables . 77 6.11 Cable Markings 77 6.12 Identification of Circuits . 77 6.13 Monitoring for Integrity . 77 6.14 L

31、ightning/Surge Protection (Circuit Protection) . 78 6.15 Outside Wiring . 78 Section 7 System Start-Up Procedure 79 7.1 General 79 7.2 Check of Installation Wiring . 79 7.2.1 Preliminary 79 7.2.2 Test for Extraneous Voltages 79 7.2.3 Test for Shorts and Opens 79 7.2.4 Test for Grounds . 82 7.2.5 Vis

32、ual Inspection . 82 7.2.6 Check of Power Sources 82 7.3 Normal Operation (Normal Monitoring Condition) . 82 7.4 Monitoring of Circuits for Integrity (Electrical Supervision) . 83 7.4.1 General . 83 7.4.2 Power Supply Circuits . 83 7.4.3 Initiating Device and Notification Appliance Circuits . 83 7.4.

33、4 Overcurrent Protection Devices 83 7.4.5 Municipal Circuits 83 7.4.6 Supplementary Circuits . 84 7.4.7 Annunciator Circuits 84 7.5 Alarm Operation 84 7.6 Authority Having Jurisdiction . 85 Section 8 Proper Maintenance of Fire Alarm Systems . 86 8.1 Periodic Maintenance 86 8.1.1 General . 86 8.1.2 S

34、ystem Performance and Integrity 86 8.2 Fire Alarm Control Units 86 8.2.1 Printed Circuit Board Assemblies of Modules . 86 8.2.2 Relay Maintenance . 87 8.2.3 Battery Charger Maintenance . 87 8.2.4 Battery Maintenance . 87 8.2.5 Fuses 87 8.2.6 Circuit Breakers . 87 8.2.7 Condition of Control Unit Cabi

35、nets (Dust and Dirt Removal) 87 8.3 Non-Coded Manual Fire Alarm Boxes 88 8.4 Coded Manual Fire Alarm Boxes 88 SB 2-2016 Page v 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 8.4.1 General . 88 8.4.2 Spring-Driven Fire Alarm Boxes . 88 8.4.3 Motor-Driven Coded Fire Alarm Boxes . 89 8.5 Automatic

36、Transmitters . 89 8.6 Automatic Heat Detectors . 89 8.6.1 Fixed-Temperature Heat Detector 89 8.6.2 Rate-of-Rise Heat Detectors . 89 8.6.3 Rate-Compensation Heat Detectors . 90 8.6.4 Explosion-Proof Heat Detectors 90 8.7 Smoke Detectors . 90 8.8 Sprinkler Waterflow Detectors . 90 8.8.1 Pressure Opera

37、ted 91 8.8.2 Vane Operated 91 8.9 Gate-Valve Supervisory Contacts . 91 8.10 Open Stem and Yoke (Os fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insura

38、nce inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding of

39、ficer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction. automatic extinguishing system supervisory device: A device that responds to abnormal conditions that could affect the proper operation of an automatic sprinkler system or other fire extinguishing system(s) or suppression syste

40、m(s) including, but not limited to, control valves, pressure levels, liquid agent levels and temperatures, pump power and running, engine temperature and overspeed, and room temperature. automatic fire alarm system: A system in which all or some of the initiating device circuits are activated by aut

41、omatic devices, such as fire detectors. automatic fire detector: A device designed to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action. For the purpose of this code, automatic fire detectors are classified as follows: automatic fire extinguishing or suppression system operation detecto

42、r, fire-gas detector, heat detector, other fire detectors, radiant energy sensing fire detector, and smoke detector. a. combination detector: A device that either responds to more than one of the fire phenomena or employs more than one operating principle to sense one of these phenomena. Typical exa

43、mples are a combination of a heat detector with a smoke detector or a combination rate-of-rise and fixed-temperature heat detector. This device has listings for each sensing method employed. b. fixed-temperature detector: A device that responds when its operating element becomes heated to a predeter

44、mined level. (See also heat detector.) c. flame detector: A radiant energysensing fire detector that detects the radiant energy emitted by a flame. d. gas detector: A device that detects the presence of a specified gas concentration. Gas detectors can be either spot-type or line-type detectors. e. h

45、eat detector: A fire detector that detects either abnormally high temperature or rate-of-temperature rise, or both. i. rate compensation detector: A device that responds when the temperature of the air surrounding the device reaches a predetermined level, regardless of the rate-of-temperature rise.

46、ii. rate-of-rise detector: A device that responds when the temperature rises at a rate exceeding a predetermined value. f. line-type detector: A device in which detection is continuous along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-rise pneumatic tubing detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, and hea

47、t-sensitive cable. g. multi-criteria detector: A device that contains multiple sensors that separately respond to physical stimulus such as heat, smoke, or fire gases, or employs more than one sensor to sense the same stimulus. This sensor is capable of generating only one alarm signal from the sens

48、ors employed in the design either independently or in combination. The sensor output signal is mathematically evaluated to determine when an alarm signal is warranted. The SB 2-2016 Page 4 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association evaluation can be performed either at the detector or at the

49、 control unit. This detector has a single listing that establishes the primary function of the detector. h. multi-sensor detector: A device that contains multiple sensors that separately respond to physical stimuli such as heat, smoke, or fire gases, or employs more than one sensor to sense the same stimulus. A device capable of generating multiple alarm signals from any one of the sensors employed in the design, independently or in combination. The sensor output signals are mathematically evaluated to determine when an alarm signal is warranted. The evaluation can be perform