NEMA C78 682-1997 Electric Lamps - Standard Method of Measuring the Pinch Temperature of Quartz Tungsten-Halogen Lamps (First Edition August 1999 Need to order IEC 60682 for more i.pdf

《NEMA C78 682-1997 Electric Lamps - Standard Method of Measuring the Pinch Temperature of Quartz Tungsten-Halogen Lamps (First Edition August 1999 Need to order IEC 60682 for more i.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《NEMA C78 682-1997 Electric Lamps - Standard Method of Measuring the Pinch Temperature of Quartz Tungsten-Halogen Lamps (First Edition August 1999 Need to order IEC 60682 for more i.pdf（21页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016)Electric Lamps Standard Method of Measuring the PinchTemperature of Quartz Tungsten-Halogen LampsANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 1 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Associatio ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016

2、) American National Standard for Electric Lamps Standard Method of Measuring the Pinch Temperature of Quartz Tungsten-Halogen Lamps Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: July 1, 2016 American National Standards Institute, Inc. 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Ass

3、ociation NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every pers

4、on participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who

5、 have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness

6、of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, app

7、lication, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purpos

8、es or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of

9、 any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable car

10、e in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or en

11、force compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health- or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable

12、 to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page i 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by The American National Standards Inst

13、itute, Inc. (ANSI) that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgm

14、ent of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly, and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a co

15、ncerted effort be made toward their resolution. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether s/he has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard

16、s. It is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The American National Standards Institute, Inc., does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or a

17、uthority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on this title page. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard ma

18、y be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute, Inc., require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or

19、 writing the American National Standards Institute, Inc. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights, including translation into other languages, reserved under the U

20、niversal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permis

21、sion of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page ii 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of ANSI C78.682)The text of this standard consists of IEC Publication 60682-1980 and its Amendment 1-1987. It is her

22、ein published as an American National Standard by the authority of the American National Standards Institute, under the legal contract with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, dated September 7, 1997. Since all standards are subject to revision, manufacturers are encouraged to investi

23、gate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the original IEC standard before that of a revision of this ANSI standard. Suggestions for improvement of this standard should be submitted to: Secretariat C78 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900 R

24、osslyn, Virginia 22209This standard was processed and approved for adoption by Accredited Standards Committee on Electric Lamps, C78. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for that approval. ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page iii 2016 National Ele

25、ctrical Manufacturers Association CONTENTS Foreword ii Chapter 1: Publication 60682-1980 Changes to: 1. Scope 1 2. Definitions . 1 3. Lamp Preparation . 1 4. Thermocouple . .1 5. Temperature Measurement . .2 6. Result 2 Chapter 2: Amendment 1-1987 Changes to: 1. Scope 10 3. Lamp Preparation 10 4. Th

26、ermocouple 11 5. Temperature Measurement . 12 6. Result . . 12 Figures Figure 1 .3 Figure 2 .4 Figure 3 .5 Figure 4 .6 Figure 5 .7 Figure 6 .8 Figure 7 .9 Figure 8 .13 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page iv 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 1 2016 National

27、Electrical Manufacturers Association 1 Scope This standard specifies details of the type of thermocouple to be used to measure the pinch temperature of quartz-tungsten-halogen lamps, the methods of preparation of the lamp and thermocouple, and the measurement to be made. 2 Definitions For the purpos

28、es of this standard, the definitions relating to quartz-tungsten-halogen lamps in the relevant IEC publications shall apply. 3 Lamp Preparation The lamp shall be prepared by one of the methods specified in sub-clauses 3.1 and 3.2. Whichever method is adopted, the T-formed edges of the pinch, if pres

29、ent, shall be split to ensure a good thermal connection between the pinch and the thermocouple junction. 3.1 Method 1 An incision shall be made in the pinch so that the bottom of the incision coincides with the surface of the pin (see figure 1). The incision shall be cut using a diamond wheel having

30、 maximum width of 0.5 mm and an outside diameter of about 100 mm. Because the wheel cuts a curved surface as shown by the line AB, the edges shall be flattened to give an incision as shown by the line AB. The corners shall be rounded to ensure that the thermocouple is in thermal contact with the pin

31、. The incision shall be made abreast of the pin-to-foil weld at the side adjacent to the pin. The slope of the incision, a, shall be chosen so that the foil does not appear in the incision. 3.2 Method 2 A hole 1 mm in diameter shall be made in the pinch opposite the pin-to-foil weld (see figure 2) u

32、sing an ultrasonic drill. The depth of the hole shall be that the pin is exposed. 4. Thermocouple4.1 Type of ThermocoupleThe thermocouples recommended for the temperature measurement are nickel/nickel-chromium, or iron/copper-nickel (Type J). Each wire forming the couple shall have a maximum diamete

33、r of 200 m. 4.1.1 Method 2 The wires should meet at an angle of 150, and after the ends have been welded together, the wires are then brought into an approximate straight line with the weld projecting slightly to one side. 4.1.2 Method 2 The thermocouple junction shall be formed by laying the two wi

34、res parallel, welding them together with both wires extending in the same direction from the point at which the weld is made. Note: The relationship between electromotive force and temperature can be obtained from IEC Publication: Thermocouple Reference Tables (under consideration) for iron/copper-n

35、ickel (Type J) thermocouples. ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 2 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 4.2 Fixing of Thermocouples The thermocouple shall be fixed using the method specified in sub-clause 4.2.1 or 4.2.2. In order to achieve good thermal contact between the thermocouple jun

36、ction and the pin, it is preferable to solder or weld the junction to the pin. If this is not possible, the thermocouple junction may be cemented to the pin. When cement is used, electrical contact between the thermocouple junction and the pin is taken to indicate sufficient thermal contact between

37、them. Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7illustrate the details of examples of using methods 1 and 2 for attaching the thermocouples to the lamps fitted with various types of caps. 4.2.1 Method 1 For lamps that have been prepared according to method 1 (of sub-clause 3.1), the thermocouple shall be pulled over

38、 the pinch, in the incision, so that the junction is in thermal contact with the pin and the junction soldered or welded to the pin. The entire incision shall then be plugged with cement (see sub-clause 4.2.3). The use of an anchoring tab for leading the wires from the pinch is recommended (see sub-

39、clause 4.2.4). 4.2.2 Method 2 For lamps that have been prepared according to method 2 (of sub-clause 3.2), the thermocouple junction shall be placed in the hole so that the junction is in contact with the pin and each wire wound once round the pinch. The junction is then soldered or welded to the pi

40、n and the hole filled with cement (see sub-clause 4.2.3). The use of an anchoring tab for leading the wires from the pinch is recommended. 4.2.3 The cement shall be either a basing cement for halogen lamps, or a mixture of one part sodium silicate and two parts of talcum powder. 4.2.4 An anchoring t

41、ab may conveniently be made using twin-capillary ceramic tube manufactured for use with thermocouples. 5. Temperature MeasurementThe electromotive force produced by the thermocouple shall be measured by a millivoltmeter having an input resistance about 100 times the resistance of the thermocouple or

42、 by another suitable measuring device. 5.1 Thermal equilibrium shall be attained before a measurement is taken. Note: This state should be achieved within 0.5 h to 1h. 6. ResultThe temperature measured using one of the above methods-increased by the ambient temperature-shall be recorded as the pinch

43、 temperature of the lamp. Note: Ambient temperature is understood to be the cold junction temperature. ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 3 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Making of the incision Figure 1 Lamp Preparation DiagramMethod 1 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 4 2016 National E

44、lectrical Manufacturers Association Figure 2 Lamp Preparation DiagramMethod 2 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 5 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Weld (Hot Junction) Cement Anchoring Tab Optional Insulatlon Thermocouple Wire Figure 3 Attachment of the Thermocouple on Lamps with Bases

45、 G6.35, GX6.35 or GY6.35Method 1 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 6 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1) If the pin to foil weld is covered by the lug of the cap, the lug can be removed with the aid of adiamond wheel as far as necessary.Figure 4 Attachment of the Thermocouple on Lamps

46、 with Caps R7s or Fa4Method 1 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 7 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Figure 5 Attachment of the Thermocouple on Lamps with Bases G6.35, GX6.35, or GY6.35Method 2ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 8 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1) If the

47、pin to foil weld is covered by the lug of the cap, the lug can be removed with the aid of a diamondwheel as far as necessary.Figure 6 Attachment of the Thermocouple on Lamps with Cap R7sMethod 2 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 9 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1) If the pin to foil

48、 weld is covered by the lug of the cap, the lug can be removed with the aid of a diamondwheel as far as necessary.Figure 7 Attachment of the Thermocouple on Lamps with Cap Fa4Method 2 ANSI C78.682-1997 (R2016) Page 10 2016 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Preface This amendment has been

49、 prepared by Sub-Committee 34A: Lamps, of IEC Technical Committee No. 34: Lamps and Related Equipment. The text of this amendment is based upon the following documents: Six Months Rule Report on Voting Two Months Procedure Report on Voting 34A (C0)268 34A(C0)317 34A(C0)320 34A(C0)338 Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the Voting Reports indicated in the above table. 1 Scope In the second line, delete “the methods“ and insert “three methods.“