NAVY MIL-STD-2031-1991 FIRE AND TOXICITY TEST METHODS AND QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL SYSTEMS USED IN HULL MACHINERY AND STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS INSIDE NAVAL SUB.pdf

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1、I MIL-STD-203% CM m 7977733 O078207 O m MIL-STD-2031 (SH) 26 February 1991 MILITARY STANDARD FIRE AND TOXICITY TEST METHODS AND QUALIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR COMPOSITE MATERIAL SYSTEMS USED IN HULL, MACHINERY, AND STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS I NSI DE NAVAL SU BMARI N ES AMSC NIA AREA CMPS DISTRZBUTION STA

2、TEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. O Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2031 CM 9999933 O098208 2 MIL-STD-203 1 (SH) FOREWORD 1. This military standard is approved for use by the Naval Sea Systems C

3、ommand, Department of the Navy, and is available for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Sys

4、tems Command, SEA 5523, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101 by using the self- addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. 3. This standard establishes the fire and toxicity test methods, requirements, and t

5、he qualification procedure for composite ma terials and composite material systems to allow their use inside Naval submarines. This standard is needed to evaluate composite material systems not previously used for these applications. A “composite material system I is considered to be the basic compo

6、site material and any supplemental coating applied for enhancing fire resistance, abrasion resistance, or decorative purposes, etc. Composite material systems can offer significant weight and signature reduction advantages as well as desireable electromagnetic and chemical resistance characteristics

7、. Fire limits for these materials will be invoked to make certain that these materials are not a primary fire source, are slow to ignite, can be extinguished using normal submarine fire fighting response to subdue a fire under anticipated operating conditions and that toxicity effects can be tolerat

8、ed. It is important that design engineers, in addition to selecting materials for their physical and mechanical properties, ensure that the potential fire and toxicity characteristics of the composite material system are fit for the intended use in the closed environment of the naval submarine. 4. N

9、o single test method is adequate to evaluate the fire hazard of a particular composite material system. The behavior of a given material system in a fire is dependent not only on the properties of the fuel, but also on the fire environment to which the material system may be exposed. These standardi

10、zed test methods for flammability and toxicity characteristics cover the spectrum from small scale tests through intermediate scale to large scale tests in order to better understand the fire hazard posed by the composite material system. Results from all of the tests may be required by the Naval Se

11、a Systems Command to ensure the fitness of composite material systems for use in submarines at sea. It is anticipated that the test methods and qualification procedure standardized in this document will prove more appropriate to end item application contractors than to composite material manufacture

12、rs. 5. In addition to the tests cited in this standard, there are limitations for the components which are off-gassed during normal operations. Currently, all requests for material certification for this requirement must be sent by letter to the Department of the Navy, Naval Sea Systems Command, Gas

13、 Processing and Cryogenics Branch, Washington, D.C. 20362-5101. i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2031 CM W 9999911 0098210 O

14、 Paragraph MIL-STD-203 l(SH) CONTENTS Page 5 . DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 6 5.1 Test responsibility . 6 5.2 Specimen requirements . 6 5.3 Retest requirements . 7 5.4 Test facilities 7 6 . NOTES . 7 6.1 Intended use 7 6.2 Implementation guidance 7 6.3 Consideration of data requirements . 7 6.4 Subject ter

15、m (key word) listing 8 Appendix A . Standard operating procedure for oxygen-temperature index profile 9 C . D . B . (DTRC) burn-through fire test . 14 quarter-scale room fire test 20 Large scale open environment fire test 22 E . Large scale pressurizable fire test . 26 F . N-Gas model smoke toxicity

16、 screening test . 31 Test report technical content requirements . 48 Determination of the flashover potential of a lining material using a G . Figures 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 o . Test stand assembly . 15 Sample mounting . 17 Thermocouple locations 18 Pressurizable vessel dimensions . 2

17、7 Combustion furnace . 33 Furnace mounted on chamber 34 Exposure chamber design . 35 Gas sampling flow 37 Animal restrainer design 38 Animal Restrainer 39 Tables I . Fire characteristics and tests . 4 II . Interlaboratory evaluation OE douglas fir . 42 i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction

18、or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2033 CM m 9999933 0098233 2 m 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose. This standard provides the fire and toxicity test methods, requirements and the qualification procedure to supply NAVSEA with the information needed to certiQ composite material systems,

19、proposed for use in hull, machinery and structural applications, as fit for use in the closed environment of Naval submarines. This standard is applicable to all composites, such as, metallic, ceramic, carbon, or organic matrix materials used as alternatives to conventional metals. 1.2 Application.

20、This standard applies to composite materials and composite material systems used in applications such as materials and composite gearbox covers, turbine covers, fan housings, vent ducting, isolation mounts, pipe hangars, piping, pumps, valves, decking, gratings, stanchions, ladders, hatches, stowage

21、 racks, weapons stowage and loading racks, logistic monorails, crew berthing, foundations, bedding plates, non-structural tanks, accumulators, air flasks, launch tubes, propeller shafts, and bearing housings. These are generic hull, machinery, and structural applications that have been identified as

22、 candidate systems for composite materials. It is not the intent to list each possible equipment/system component application or apply this standard to the submarine basic pressure hull structure or to items installed external to the pressure hull. Inquiries regarding approved or proposed applicatio

23、ns shall be referred to the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), Attention: Non-metallic Materials Branch. 1.3 Limitations. The preparing activity recognizes that there are definitions, test methods, specifications, and qualification procedures in use that are not contained in this standard. However,

24、 those that are contained herein have undergone coordination through an industry consensus process or through the DOD standardization process involved in the preparation of this standard. As a consequence, a certain degree of standardization has been achieved, and it is intended that this MIL-STD wi

25、ll further enhance the understanding of composite fire performance and the standardization of test methods and qualification procedure for composite use in a closed environment. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Non-Government piiblications. The following document(s) form a part of this document to the ex

26、tent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are DOD adopted are those listed in the issue of the DODISS cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DODISS are the issues of the documents cited in the solici

27、tation (see 6.2). AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) E 162 Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source; (DOD adopted) 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2031 CM I

28、 9999911 0098212 4 I MIL-STD-203 1 (SH) E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials E 1354 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter (Applications for copies should be addr

29、essed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.) (Non-Government standards and other publications are normally available from the organizations that prepare or distribute the documents. These documents also may be available in or through libraries o

30、r other informational services.) 2.2 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemptio

31、n has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Application. The application is specific end use hardware fabricated by utilizing a composite material system. 3.2 Burn-through fire test. The burn-through fire test is the test method to determine the time for a flame to burn-through a composite material syst

32、em under controlled fire exposure conditions. 3.3 Combustion. Combustion is a chemical process of oxidation tht occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light as a glow or flame. 3.4 Combustion gas generation. The combustion gas generation is the rate of production of combustion gase

33、s (such as CO, CO, HCI, HCN, NO, SO, halogen acid gases, and total hydrocarbons). 3.5 Composite. A composite is a material resulting from the controlled combination of two or more different materials at a macroscopic level; typically, a matrix that is reinforced with fibers, whiskers, or dispersions

34、 of another material. 3.6 Composite material system. Composite material system are the material characteristics which define the material and are relevant to fire and toxicity performance and are preserved in test specimens, these include as a minimum: 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction

35、or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2031 CM m 7777933 O078213 b m MIL-STD-203 1(SH) a. Chemical composition of constituents b. Geometric relationships between constituent materials in a composite layer e., fiber volume fraction, ply construction, etc.) c. Stacking sequence f

36、or layers within the bulk structure d. Supplemental adhesives, additives or coatings applied for enhancing fire resistance, abrasion resistance, decorative purposes, etc. 3.7 Certification. Certification is the determination made by Naval Sea Systems Command as to the acceptability for use of the co

37、mposite material system for the intended application. 3.8 Flame spread index. The flame spread index is a number or classification indicating a comparative measure derived from observations made during the progress of the boundary of a zone of flame under defined test conditions. 3.9 Heat release ra

38、te. The heat release rate is the heat evolved from a material, expressed per unit of exposed area, per unit of time. 3.10 Ignitability. Ignitability is the ease of ignition, as measured by the time to ignite in seconds, at a specified heating flux with a pilot flame. 3.11 Ignition. Ignition is the i

39、nitiation of combustion as evidence by glow, flame, detonation or explosion. The combustion may be sustained or transient. 3.12 Large scale open environment fire test. A large scale open environment fire test is a method to test materials at full size of their intended application under controlled f

40、ire exposure to determine fire tolerance or ease of extinguishment. 3.13 Large scale presslirimbie fire test. A large scale pressurizable fire test is a method to test materials using an enclosed compartment in a simulated environment under a controlled fire exposure. 3.14 Oxygen Index. Oxygen index

41、 is the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing oxygen nitrogen mixture capable of supporting flaming combustion of a material. 3.15 Oxygen-temperature index profile. A oxygen-temperature index profile is a plot of data points that define the temperature dependence of the oxygen index as the th

42、ermal environment of a material is changed. 3.16 Qualification. The qualification is the process of determining the acceptability of a composite material for use aboard a Naval submarine. 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2031

43、 CM = 9999933 0098234 m I. 3.17 Quarter-scale fire test. A quarter-scale fire test is a test method to determine the flashover potential of materials in a room when subjected to a fire exposure. 3.18 Smoke. Smoke is the airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved when a material undergo

44、es pyrolysis or combustion. 3.19 Smoke obscuration. Smoke obscuration is the reduction of light transmission by smoke as measured by light attenuation. 3.20 Toxicity performance. Toxicity performance is the potential toxic effects of combustion products (smoke and fire gases). 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENT

45、S 4.1 Fire characteristics and test methods. The fire characteristics to be investigated and the test methods and requirements for qualifying a composite material system for use aboard a naval submarine are defined in table I (see 6.3 and appendix G). Any exceptions to these requirements will be ide

46、ntified in the acquisition documents for the specified application (see 6.2) and must be approved by NAVSEA. 4.2 Qualification. 4.2.1 Requirement. Use of composite material systems for interior submarine applications requires Naval Sea Systems Command approval of the fire and toxicity performance fo

47、r the composite material system. Compliance with this requirement is the responsibility of all Naval activities and contractors that provide products, equipments, or services in support of Naval submarine construction or operation. The Non-metallic Materials Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command h

48、as approval responsibility for use of composite material systems on Naval vessels. TABLE I. Fire characteristics and tests. Fire test/characteristics Oxygen-temperature index Percent oxygen at 25 OC Percent oxygen at 75 “C Percent oxygen at 300 “C I I Flame spread (index) Requirement Minimum 35 30 2

49、1 Maximum 20 Test method Appendix A ASTM E 162 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2033 CM m 9999733 0098215 T m MIL-STD-203 1 (SH) TABLE I. Fire characteristics and tests - Continued. Fire test/characteristics Ignitability (seconds) 100 kW/m2 irradiance 75 kW/m2 irradiance 50 kW/m2 irradiance 25 kW/m2 irradiance 100 kW/m2 irradiance Heat release