江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习专题一单项填空板块三语境类习题20190120123.doc

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1、1板块三 语境类时 态 、 语 态1.My washing machine _ this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津高考)A.was repaired B.is repairedC.is being repaired D.has been repaired答案 C 根据“因此我不得不用手洗衣服”可知，洗衣机此时“正在被维修” ，应该用现在进行时的被动语态。2.Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.Hello, Peter.Im Bob.I jus

2、t _ on Monday.(2018北京高考)A.start B.have startedC.started D.had started答案 C 你好，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。3.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018北京高考)A.is working B.was wo

3、rkingC.has worked D.had worked答案 B 句意：苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，去年我去拜访她时，她在社区作义工。根据语境可知，此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事，所以用过去进行时。4.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.(2018北京高考)A.are trapping B.have been trappedC.were trapping D.had been trapped答案 D 句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山区两

4、天的游客。根据语2境可知，此处应用被动语态，且此处表示在过去动作 risked his life之前完成的动作，即“过去的过去” ，所以用过去完成时。5._ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.(2017北京高考)A.Did you call B.Have you calledC.Will you call D.Were you calling答案 A 句意：你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？发生在过去，用过去式，故选 A。6.In

5、 the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones _ yet.(2017北京高考)A.havent invented B.havent been inventedC.hadnt invented D.hadnt been invented答案 D 句意：在美国 20世纪 50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除 A和 C，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，排除 B，故选 D。【名师点睛】动词的时态与语态是两个非常重要的语

6、法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须借助于时态和语态来完成。高考试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其他语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：1.注重在语境中考查常见时态的区别，如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时的区别等。要求准确判断动作和时间的关系，正确理解时间概念，如是现在、过去还是将来，是时间段、时间点还是时间瞬间。2.遵循“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，考查在状语从句等特定语言环境中时态的代替。要求吃透语境，摸清命题人的意图，善于捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，克服汉语式的惯性思

7、维。3.把语态与时态结合在一起，进行综合考查。各种常用时态的被动语态的构成，仍是高考命题的热点之一，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐蔽，试题难度呈现加大的趋势。要求明确谓语动词与主语的关系，分清是主动还是被动。4.考查主动形式表示被动意义。对语境理解能力的要求逐步提高，且要重视有特殊用法的3动词的运用。情 态 动 词 和 虚 拟 语 气1.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.(2018北京高考)A.drove B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven答案 D

8、 句意：如果他们再开几公里，他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去事实的假设，从句中应该用过去完成时。2.I cant find my purse.I _ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.(2018天津高考)A.should leave B.must have leftC.might leave D.could have left答案 D 根据本空所在句子的时间状语判断，此处叙述过去发生的动作；下文说“我不太肯定” ，因此表示不肯定的语气，应用“情态动词 could/might/mayhave done”结构，因

9、此选 D。3.In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.(2018北京高考)A.need B.shouldC.can D.must答案 C 句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知，此处用 can表示“可能会” 。4.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise，I_able to reach her yesterday.(2017天津高考)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt hav

10、e beenC.werent D.wouldnt be答案 B 句意：“你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？” “有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。 ”此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由 yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句谓语用 wouldnt have done，故选 B。45.It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.(江苏高考)A.did I know B.have I knownC.do I know D.had I known答案 D 句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和

11、might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用 had known。if 引导的非真实条件句中含有 were，had，should 时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将 if省略。6.It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_ bring me food.(江苏高考)A.might B.would C.should D.could答案 C 句意：他们自己那么穷，_给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should 可以用在 that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”

12、，带有惊讶的语气。故选 C项。might 可能，或许，可以；would(过去)总是，愿意；could能够，或许。【名师点睛】情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定，每年总有一至两个题，可以单独考查，也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考生对情态动词的理解和掌握，难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括：1.考查情态动词的基本用法。如： can和 could的用法及区别； will和 would的用法及区别； must的用法； shall用于不同人称时的用法和 should的各种用法； need的用法等。2.考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如：

13、can，could，may，might，must 皆可表示推测，使用时要注意以下几点：(1)注意语气。语气较强用 must，cannot，couldnt; 语气较弱用 may，might 或can，could；(2)注意句式。在肯定句中，一般用 may，might，must; 在否定句、疑问句中常用can，could；(3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时通常用“情态动词动词原形”结构；5表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测，通常用“情态动词进行体”结构； 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用“情态动词完成体”结构。3.考查情态动词的特殊用法。如：(1)cannot/cant与 too/

14、over/enough/perfectly/sufficiently 等词连用，意为“越越” “无论怎样，也不为过” “决不会，够(过)” 。(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事” 。(3)would和 used to的区别； can 和 be able to的区别。(4)“may/might well动词原形”意为“理应，有足够的理由 ”； “may/might as well动词原形”意为“还不如，不妨，还是的好” 。(5)must意为“偏要，硬要” ； can用在肯定句中，可以表示客观上的可能性； shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等；

15、should表示估计或推测上的“应该” ，意为“可能，该，估计，按理应当” ； will 可以表示习惯性和倾向性，意为“惯于，老是，终归是”等。(6)在句型 it is (high) time that中，从句谓语动词常用过去时态或 should动词原形(should 不能省略)表示虚拟语气。4.考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如：wish，as if/though，if only，would rather，otherwise，without 等。5.考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装现象。交 际 用 语1.Im moving in a few days and I wond

16、er if you could help._.Just let me know when, and Ill be there.(2018天津高考)A.You bet B.It dependsC.Forget it D.No kidding答案 A 对方提出求助，空后一句给出了肯定的回答，那么本空应该用表示肯定回答的选项，you bet 表示“当然，的确” ，符合语境。2.Wasnt Joan supposed to be here by now?_.She will be here in about twenty minutes.(2018天津高考)A.All right B.Dont wor

17、ry6C.No wonder D.Enjoy yourself答案 B 从对话语境看，前一问句显然含有责备的语气，后面回答说“大约二十分钟之后她就来了” 。因此本空选 B “别着急” 。3.Michael was late for Mr.Smiths chemistry class this morning._？ As far as I know，he never came late to class.(2017天津高考)A.So what B.Why notC.Who cares D.How come答案 D 句意：“今天上午斯密斯老师的化学课上迈克尔迟到了。 ”“怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课

18、从不迟到。 ”A.那又怎么样呢；B.为什么不呢；C.谁在意呢；D.怎么会呢。根据语境，故选 D。4.Are you sure youre ready for the best?_.Im well prepared for it.(2016浙江高考)A.Im afraid not B.No problemC.Hard to say D.Not really答案 B 句意：“你确定为考试做好准备了吗？” “没问题(no problem)，我准备好了。”No problem意为“没问题” ，符合语境。Im afraid not恐怕没有；Hard to say 很难说；Not really 不见得，不

19、完全是。5.Jim，can you work this Sunday?_？ Ive been working for two weeks on end.(江苏高考)A.Why me B.Why notC.What if D.So what答案 A 句意：“吉姆，这个周日你可以上班吗？” “_？我已经连续工作两周了。”Why me？为什么是我？Why not？为什么不呢？What if？如果怎么办？So what？那有什么关系？由 Ive been working.可感知回答者的不满，故空格处应是“为什么是我(Why me)” 。6.Why didnt you invite John to yo

20、ur birthday party?Well，you know hes _.(江苏高考)A.an early bird B.a wet blanketC.a lucky dog D.a tough nut答案 B 句意：“你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？” “哦，你知道他就会让人扫7兴。 ”an early bird早起的人；a wet blanket扫兴的人或事；a lucky dog幸运儿；a tough nut难对付的人。根据 didnt you invite John可推断出，他是“令人扫兴的人(a wet blanket)”，故选 B项。【名师点睛】交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要

21、考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅； 以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。其考点主要包括：1.考查习惯应答语。许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语； 感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。考生必须用英美人的思维方式，遵循他们的习惯进行回答。交际用语常见的回答用语主要有以下几个方面：(1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure./Yes，help yourself./No problem./Good idea./Sorry，but./Id rat

22、her you./Thank you，but./No way./Forget it.等。(2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：Thats all right./You are welcome./Dont mention it./It is my pleasure (My pleasure)./Not at all.等。(3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind./It doesnt matter./Not at all./Thats all right./That is nothing.等。(4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Good luck！/Best wishes to you！/Hav

23、e a nice time！/Congratulations！/Merry Christmas！/Thank you！/The same to you！等。2.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。3.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，believe)so./Yes，Im afraid so.对刚刚提出的说法或意见

24、持否定态度时，则说：No，I dont think (suppose) so./No，I dont believe so./No，I believe (suppose) not./No，I hope not./No，I am afraid not.知识链接 1 常用交际用语1.how could I.我怎么能呢82.not exactly不完全是这样3.thats for sure毫无疑问4.I cant remember it我想不起来5.thanks anyway不管怎样还是要谢谢你6.why not为什么不7.you should know你该知道，你该明白这一点8.thats all

25、right没关系，不要紧9.it depends视情况而定10.so what那又怎么样11.do you think so你认为是这样吗12.hurry up快点13.why bother何必那么麻烦14.by all means当然可以，好的15.go ahead吃吧，做吧，说吧，干吧16.you must be disappointed你肯定非常失望17.well，not quite 嗯，还不太像18.then what然后怎么办19.You did？你们确实如此吗？20.guess what你猜怎么着21.oh，that would be great 哦，那太好了22.no probl

26、em没问题23.I dont mind我不介意24.never mind没关系25.so am I我也是26.what a relief这下可放心了27.its not the case事实并非如此28.no，thats all 不，就这些了29.I really envy you我真的很羡慕你30.of course当然可以31.I couldnt agree more我完全同意932.you must be joking你肯定是开玩笑吧33.dont worry about it别担心了34.its up to you这取决于你；你说了算35.you too你也是36.50 each每件

27、5037.its a pity太遗憾了38.I dont know我不知道(该怎么做)39.so it is的确如此40.take it easy别烦恼，不要生气41.all right then那好吧42.I have no idea我不知道43.yes，indeed 是的，确实是44.how come怎么会45.for here or to go在这里吃还是带走46.Im not sure我不确定47.what can I do for you我能为你做点什么48.let me see让我看一看49.perfect完美50.I hope I didnt bother you我希望我没有打扰

28、到你51.as long as it doesnt take long只要不花很长时间52.youre lucky你很幸运53.but why但是为什么呢54.good idea好主意55.Im not available today我今天没空56.it is nothing这没什么57.no，thanks 不，谢谢58.well，I can do without it 哦，没有它我也能做到59.not really并非如此60.I dont think so我不这样认为61.dear me天哪1062.thats true的确如此63.keep it up坚持下去64.good for yo

29、u好极了65.Ill make sure you get one我保证你会收到电话的66.youre not alone不止你自己这样67.Im in no hurry我不急68.you cant be serious你不会是当真的吧69.congratulations祝贺70.really真的吗71.just go ahead用吧72.oh，Id like to 哦，我愿意73.Id love to我想(多待一段时间)74.it looks fine to me我觉得看上去不错75.Nothing serious.没关系。76.No，not much.不，没那么多。77.No，whats u

30、p？不，怎么了(出什么事了)?78.I wouldnt mind that.我很想那样做。79.Come on in.进来吧。80.Why me？为什么是我？知识链接 2 常见谚语或成语1.Such kindness of warm sun，cant be repaid by grass.谁言寸草心？报得三春晖。2.When the river rises，the boat floats high.水涨船高。3.Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。4.Break a butterfly on the wheel.杀鸡用牛刀。5.Seek truth from

31、facts./Be practical and realistic./Be true to facts.实事求是。6.Talk of the devil and he comes.说曹操，曹操到。7.Speak the plain truth；call a spade a spade；tell it as it is.实话实说。8.Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.11实践是检验真理的唯一标准。9.No matter how high the mountain is，its name will spread far and wid

32、e if there is a fairy.山不在高，有仙则名。10.hide ones capacities and bide ones time 韬光养晦11.sugar-coated bullets 糖衣炮弹12.Anything unexpected may happen./a bolt from the blue 天有不测风云。13.Unity is strength.团结就是力量。14.Even if one jumped into the Yellow River，he can not wash himself clean./Theres nothing one can do t

33、o clear his name.跳进黄河也洗不清。15.unhealthy practices and evil phenomena歪风邪气16.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分。17.The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.往事如风。18.Hold high hopes for ones child.望子成龙。19.Misfortunes never come singly./When it rains，it pours.屋漏偏逢连阴雨。20.military expertise；mi

34、litary strategy 文韬武略21.Draw water to ones mill.唯利是图。22.Water without a source，and a tree without roots.无源之水，无本之木。23.Make/Create something out of nothing.无中生有。24.There are no waves without wind./Theres no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。25.Bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends.徇私枉法。26.A new b

35、room sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。27.Modesty helps one go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。28.Accumulate strength for a take-off.蓄势而发。29.May all your wish come true.心想事成。30.Have a tacit understanding./Give tacit consent./tacit understanding心照不宣。31.First impressions are firmly entre

36、nched.先入为主。1232.Catch the ball before the bound.先下手为强。33.like an ant on a hot pan像热锅上的蚂蚁34.Warn people by taking oneself as an example.现身说法。35.Pour oil on troubled waters.息事宁人。36.mingled hope and fear.喜忧参半。37.step by step 循序渐进38.Speed somebody on their way./Speed the parting guest.一路平安，一路顺风。39.Be st

37、rict with oneself and lenient towards others.严以律己，宽以待人。40.All shall be well，and Jack shall have Jill.谚Lovers can one day be together.有情人终成眷属。41.Money makes the mare go.有钱能使鬼推磨。42.people of vision 有识之士43.Use brawn rather than brain.有勇无谋。44.Separated as we are thousands of miles apart，we come together

38、 as if by predestination.有缘千里来相会。45.Advance with times.与时俱进。46.people oriented/people foremost 以人为本47.Teach students according to their aptitude.因材施教。48.To ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。49.Haste does not bring success.欲速则不达。50.survival of the fittest 优胜劣汰51.Great

39、minds think alike.英雄所见略同。52.Better make friends than make enemies.冤家宜解不宜结。53.cases in which people were unjustly，falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced/unjust，false or wrong cases 冤假错案54.A real man never goes back on his words.一言既出，驷马难追。55.Money and treasures will be plentiful.招财进宝。1356.become debt

40、-ridden 债台高筑57.Truth will come to light sooner or later.纸包不住火。58.target of public criticism 众矢之的59.Know the enemy and know yourself，and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.知己知彼，百战不殆。60.an armchair strategist 纸上谈兵61.A bad workman always blames his tools.不会撑船怪河弯。62.Treat others as

41、 you want to be treated.己所不欲，勿施于人。63.A burden of ones choice is not felt.爱挑的担子不嫌重。64.A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。65.Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。66.A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。67.A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。68.A friend without faults will never be

42、found.没有十全十美的朋友。69.A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。70.A good conscience is a soft pillow.不做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。71.A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌。72.A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。73.All rivers run into sea.海纳百川。74.All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。75.All that glitters is not go

43、ld.发光的不一定都是金子。76.All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。77.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。78.A man can do no more than he can.凡事都应量力而行。79.A man is known by his friends.什么人交什么朋友。1480.A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds.光说空话不做事，犹如花

44、园光长草。81.A merry heart goes all the way.心旷神怡，事事顺利。82.One false step will make a great difference./A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，谬以千里。83.A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。84.A single flower does not make a spring.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。85.Bad news has wings.好事不出门，坏事传千里。86.Better late than never.迟做总比不做

45、好。87.One mans meat is another mans poison.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。88.Business is business.公事公办。89.Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。90.Children are what the mothers are.耳濡目染，言传身教。91.Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿，绳锯木断。92.Content is better than riches.知足者常乐。93.Count ones chickens before they are h

46、atched.蛋未孵先数雏。94.Creep before you walk.循序渐进。95.Diamond cuts diamond.强中自有强中手。96.Dont claim to know what you dont know.不要不懂装懂。97.Dont make a mountain out of a molehill.不要小题大做。98.Dont put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置。99.Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。100.Dont try to teach yo

47、ur grandmother to suck eggs.不要班门弄斧。101.Eat to live，but not live to eat.15人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。102.Even Homer sometimes nods.智者千虑，必有一失。103.Every dog has his day.谁都有得意的时候。104.Every minute counts.分秒必争。105.Fire is a good servant but a bad master.火是一把双刃剑。106.Four eyes see more than two.集思广益。107.Give a dog

48、a bad name and hang him.众口铄金，积毁销骨。108.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。109.A journey of a thousand miles begins with single step.千里之行，始于足下。110.He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.自嘲者不会让人见笑。111.History repeats itself.历史往往重演。112.If you run after two hares you will catch neither.脚踏两条船，必定落空。113.It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。114.Jack of all trades and master of none.门门精通，样样稀松。115.Learn to walk before you run.先学走，再学跑。116.Let bygones be bygones.过去的就让它过去吧。117.Let sleeping dogs lie.别惹麻烦。118.Let the cat out of the bag.泄漏天机。119.Like author