[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷96及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 96 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 I was 13 when Benji came into our lives. With his deep brown eyes, floppy ears and cheerful disposition, he was my constant companion throughout my teena
2、ge years. We would play together in the garden, and take long walks over the hills behind the house and on the beach. Benji would hang on my every word with his head tilted to one side. Despite being a dog, he seemed to have a sympathy for my problems that went deeper than words could express. He wa
3、s my best friend.Benji left us about 15 years ago for that great kennel in the sky. But recently Ive been thinking about him a lot. Was he really conscious? Could any animal have consciousness like we do? Does it matter whether animals are conscious or not?For many, it is a matter of life and death.
4、 On the one hand, animal research has helped prevent some of the most pressing human diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, “mad cow“ disease, malaria, cystic fibrosis and emphysema. On the other hand, this research is performed largely on chimps, our closest nonhuman relatives, with whom we
5、share 98.4% of our genetic material, and great apes, with whom we are similarly biologically close.Some people feel this connection is strong enough to warrant special treatment. An international group called the Great Ape Project is lobbying the United Nations to adopt a declaration on the rights o
6、f great apes modeled on the UN declaration On the Rights of Man. The group believes that apes are “conscious“ and so deserve legal protection of their right to life and freedom from imprisonment and torture.If great apes were shown to have consciousness something like our own, I would consider it am
7、ong the scientific discoveries of the century. I would then agree with the Australian philosopher and founder of the animal rights movement, Peter Singer, that performing medical experiments on chimps would be like experimenting on orphan children. Thats a pretty chilling thought, and no amount of h
8、uman suffering saved could justify such an action. But before we close down the laboratories and stop searching for a vaccine against AIDS, we had better take a long hard look at the evidence for ape consciousness.1 Why does the author bring up the example of Benji?(A)To show that animals have consc
9、iousness.(B) To raise the question of animal consciousness.(C) Because Benji was his best friend.(D)To illustrate the differences between dogs and chimps.2 What most likely happened to Benji about 15 years ago?(A)He ran away.(B) He became conscious.(C) He died.(D)He was the authors best friend.3 Som
10、e people feel that apes should be given special treatment because_.(A)they are genetically similar to humans(B) they can help find a cure for “mad cow“ disease(C) they possess a consciousness superior to humans(D)they are treated poorly by scientists4 The Great Ape Project believes that apes deserve
11、 legal protection because they are_.(A)humans(B) conscious(C) animals(D)imprisoned5 What does the author think about experimenting on apes?(A)It should be stopped.(B) It should not be stopped unless apes are shown to have a consciousness like our own.(C) The medical advances gained are outweighed by
12、 the suffering of the apes.(D)It is akin to experimenting on orphan children.5 The ways in which societies address environmental issues are in the midst of a profound transformation. Both the extent of this transformation and its implications for the future of environmental governance are only begin
13、ning to be appreciated.Of all the dimensions of environmental governance undergoing rapid change, most attention has been devoted to the growing urgency of the threats that need to be addressed. As argued by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, these now warrant consideration jointly with th
14、e other great global issues of the 21st century: “freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future generations to sustain their lives on this planet.“ The first two of these issues reflect the longstanding concerns for poverty alleviation and physical security that framed the UN Chart
15、er. The last, as the secretary-general notes, was “not clearly identified in the charter because in 1945, our founders could scarcely imagine that it would ever be threatened.“ Today, that threat is increasingly clear, and our most enlightened political leaders have begun to redefine the priority ta
16、sks of governance to include sustainability.A second rapidly changing dimension of environmental governance is the scale over which it needs to operate. The trends toward “globalization“ that have entrained so many aspects of our lives in the increasingly interconnected world of the 21st century hav
17、e affected the environment as well. In response, more international environmental treaties were adopted and more international environmental institutions were founded in the last quarter of the 20th century than in the preceding hundred years. A few of these have worked relatively well. In general,
18、however, our capacity for effective implementation lags far behind the recognized need.Finally, the actors and institutions involved in environmental governance are changing. The political transformation of “a closed public policy process into a more open and participatory one“ for Southeast Asia, i
19、s under way for much of the rest of the world as well, shifting power away from central governments toward local communities and civil society organizations. Simultaneously, the globalization trends noted above have pushed in the other direction, moving power toward multinational corporations and in
20、ternational institutions.In the midst of all these transformations, two things can nonetheless be said with confidence about environmental governance: Neither its complexity nor its importance have ever been greater.6 Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?(A)The extent of t
21、he transformation of the ways in which societies address environmental issues has always been appreciated.(B) The ways in which societies address environmental issues are currently undergoing change.(C) The environment is in the midst of a profound transformation.(D)The future of environmental gover
22、nance is in doubt.7 Which changing aspect of environmental governance has been given the most attention?(A)The scale over which it needs to operate.(B) The growing urgency of the threats.(C) The actors and institutions involved.(D)Its complexity.8 The issue of sustainability was neglected in the UN
23、Charter because_.(A)at the time the charter was written it was virtually unthinkable that sustainability would become a problem(B) other issues were more important(C) the tasks of governance did not include sustainability(D)the concerns for poverty alleviation and physical security that framed the U
24、N Charter were longstanding9 According to the text, local communities are_.(A)lacking resources(B) driving globalization(C) becoming more powerful(D)moving power towards multinational corporations10 The main message the author wishes to convey in the text is that_.(A)the issue of environmental gover
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