[考研类试卷]GCT工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷182及答案与解析.doc

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1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷 182 及答案与解析一、Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the

2、 center.1 Mary is as vain as peacock and always wants to be the _ of attention.（A）sight（B） emphasis（C） focus（D）object2 Mrs. Douglas unknowingly left a package _ on the shop counter.（A）laying（B） to lie（C） laid（D）lying3 If he had listened to me, he _ earlier.（A）might arrive（B） had arrived（C） might be

3、arriving（D）might have arrived4 It was in the name of freedom _Kennedy led his country deeper into its cruel, hopeless war in Vietnam.（A）when（B） as（C） while（D）that5 People appreciate _ with him because lie has a good sense of humor.（A）to work（B） to have worked（C） working（D）having worked6 All the fire

4、men in the city were_to fight against the big fire.（A）called in（B） called off（C） called up（D）called on7 Agriculture was a step in human progress _ which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.（A）in（B） for（C） to（D）from8 They lost their way in the forest, and _ made m

5、atters worse was night began to fall.（A）that（B） it（C） what（D）which9 An old friend from abroad, _ I was expecting to stay with me, telephoned from the airport.（A）that（B） which（C） whom（D）who10 The teacher, as well as all his students, _by the dancers performance.（A）was impressed（B） had impressed（C） im

6、pressed（D）were impressed二、Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a singl

7、e line through the center.10 Wood carving refers to the art of creating or decorating objects of wood by carving with a sharp, hand-held tool. This form of art has a history of over 1, 000 years and a unique artistic style. The following is some introduction about wood carving in America.Wood carvin

8、g began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashi

9、oned on a lathea machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blancard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapesan innovation that made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square woode

10、n warescraftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinetmakers, while others, carved decoy. Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions t

11、o make busts of prominent citizens.11 This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American_.（A）arts and crafts（B） political leaders（C） logging industries（D）fashion design12 According to the passage, the first settlers used wood for their utensils and tools because it was_.（A）durable

12、（B） inexpensive（C） available（D）attractive13 The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were_.（A）not very sophisticated（B） known for doing very quick work（C） dependent on imported materials（D）frequented only by fashionable people14 Which of the following objects was an important woodw

13、orking tool used by early American craftsmen?（A）A bust.（B） A decoy.（C） A figurehead.（D）A chisel.15 In the last sentence, the word “bust“ most probably means_.（A）the upper part of ones body（B） self-portrait（C） painting（D）clothes16 Community cancer clusters are viewed quite differently by citizen acti

14、vists than by epidemiologists. Environmentalists and concerned local residents, for instance, might immediately suspect environmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to say that the inci

15、dences were “inconclusive“ or the result of pure chance. And when a breast cancer survivor, Lorraine Pace, mapped 20 breast cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope that a specific environmental agent could be correla

16、ted with the cancers than by scientific method.When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontagious conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population), clu

17、ster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is

18、very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War II shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous

19、mineral.Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a communitys suspicion of a common environmental cause because ci

20、tizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this the problem of cancers latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, canc

21、er may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier.Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing? Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation h

22、ighlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well designed scientific study.16 The “hope“ mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Paces desire to_.（A）help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations（B） improve her chances of surviving breast cancer（C

23、） determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer case（D）identify a particular cause for the breast cancer cases in West Islip17 The case of the World War II shipbuilders with lung cancer is an example of_.（A）an occupational cluster（B） a medical cluster（C） a radiation cluster（D）an environm

24、ental cluster18 The passage suggests that the fact that “only one community cancer cluster bas ever been traced to all environmental cause“ (in the third paragraph) is most likely due to the_.（A）methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clusters（B） reluctance of epidemiologists to in

25、vestigate environmental factors in cancer（C） lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming to have identified cancer agents（D）effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas19 Activists may mistakenly consider a particular incidence of cancer as part of a

26、community cluster despite the fact that_.（A）the affected individual never worked with any carcinogenic material（B） the cancer was actually caused by a long-ago exposure（C） the size of the cluster is too small to be meaningful（D）the cancer actually arose in a different geographic location20 The word

27、“caveats“ (in the last paragraph) refers to_.（A）refusals by epidemiologists to examine the work of Pace and other activists（B） potential flaws in amateur studies of cancer cluster（C） warnings by activists concerning environmental dangers in their communities（D）tendencies of activists to assume envir

28、onmental causes for cancer20 Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared scanning technology developed for military purposes an

29、d other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont h

30、ave pest (害虫) problems.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map show

31、ing where plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 40 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But wit

32、h the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States.“ says George Oerther of Texas

33、A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Pale3i finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.21 Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they a

34、re _.（A）sprayed with pesticides（B） facing an infrared scanner（C） in poor physical condition（D）exposed to excessive sun rays22 In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to _.（A）estimate the damage to the crops（B） measure the size of the affected area（C） draw a color

35、-coded map（D）locate the problem area23 Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by _.（A）resorting to spot-spraying（B） consulting infrared scanning experts（C） transforming poisoned rain（D）detecting crop problems at an early stage24 The application of infrared scanning technology to agricul

36、ture met with some difficulties:_.（A）the lack of official support（B） its high cost（C） the lack of financial support（D）its failure to help increase production25 Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of _.（A）the desire of farmers to improve the quality of theft produc

37、e（B） growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops（C） the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture（D）full support from agricultural experts25 Firefighters ane often asked to speak to school and community groups about the importance of fine safety, particularly fire preven

38、tion and detection. Bccause smoke detectors reduce the risk of dying in a fire by half. firefighters often provide audiences with information on how to install these protectivc devices in their homes.Specifically, they tell them these things: A smoke detector should be placcd on each floor of a home

39、. While sleeping, people are in particular danger of an emergent fire、 and there must he a dctcctor outside each sleeping area. A good site for a detecior would he a hallway that runs between living spaces and bedrooms.Because of the dead-air space that might be missed by hot air bouncing around abo

40、ve a fire, smoke detcctors should be installed either on the ceiling at least four inches from the nearest wall, or high on a wall at least four, but no further than twelve, inches from the ceiling.Deteccors should not be mounted near windows, entrances, or other places where drafts (过堂风) might dire

41、ct the smoke away from the unit. Nor should they be placed in kitchens and garages, where cooking and gas fumes are likely to cause false alarms. 26 One responsibility of a firefighter is to_.（A）install smoke detectors in residents homes（B） check if smoke detectors are properly installed（C） develop

42、fire safety programs for schools（D）speak to residents about how to prevent fires 27 Compared with homes without smoke detectors homes with them give their owners a 50% better chance of_.（A）surviving a fire（B） preventing a fire（C） detecting a hidden fire（D）not getting injured in a fire 28 A smoke det

43、ector must always be placed_.（A）on any level of a home（B） outside all hedrooms in a home（C） in all hallways of a home（D）in kitchens where fires are most likely to star 29 The passage implies that dead-air space is most likely to be found_.（A）on a ceiling four inches away from a wall（B） near an open

44、window（C） close to where a wall meets a ceiling（D）in kitchens and garages 30 What is the focus of this passage?（A）How firefighters carry out their responsibilities.（B） The proper installation of home smoke detectors.（C） The detoction of dead-air space on walls and ceilings.（D）How smoke detectors pre

45、vent fies in homes. 三、Part III ClozeDirections: There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31 Smoking, which may be a pleasure

46、for some people, is a serious source of discomfort for their fellows. Medical authorities express their【B1】about the effect of smoking on the health not only【B2 】those who smoke but also of those who do not. In fact, nonsmokers who must involuntarily inhale the air polluted by the tobacco smoke may【

47、B3】more than the smokers themselves.As you are doubtless aware, a considerable number of our students have【B4】an effort to【B5】the university to ban smoking in the classrooms. I believe they are entirely right in their aim.【B6】, I would hope that it is possible to achieve this by【B7 】on the smokers t

48、o use good judgment and show concern for others rather than【B8】regulation.Smoking is prohibited by city laws in theaters and in halls used for showing films as well as in laboratories【B9 】there may be a fire hazard. Elsewhere, it is up to your good sense.I am therefore asking you to maintain “No Smo

49、king“ in the auditoriums and classrooms. This will prove that you have to keep nonsmokers health and well-being【B10】, which is very important to a large number of our students.31 【B1 】（A）concern（B） trouble（C） interest（D）displeasure32 【B2 】（A）to（B） about（C） with（D）of33 【B3 】（A）endure（B） suffer（C） undergo（D）put upwith34 【B4 】（A）joined（B） directed（C） joined in（D）directed at35 【B5 】（A）make（B） persuade（C） cause（D）tell36 【B6 】（A）But the