ITU-T SERIES H SUPP 17-2014 Guide for addressing accessibility in standards (Study Group 16)《标准的可访问性指南(研究组16)》.pdf

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1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Series H TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Supplement 17 (11/2014) SERIES H: AUDIOVISUAL AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS Guide for addressing accessibility in standards ITU-T H-series Recommendations Supplement 17 ITU-

2、T H-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS AUDIOVISUAL AND MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS OF VISUAL TELEPHONE SYSTEMS H.100H.199 INFRASTRUCTURE OF AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES General H.200H.219 Transmission multiplexing and synchronization H.220H.229 Systems aspects H.230H.239 Communication procedures H.240H.259 Codin

3、g of moving video H.260H.279 Related systems aspects H.280H.299 Systems and terminal equipment for audiovisual services H.300H.349 Directory services architecture for audiovisual and multimedia services H.350H.359 Quality of service architecture for audiovisual and multimedia services H.360H.369 Tel

4、epresence H.420H.429 Supplementary services for multimedia H.450H.499 MOBILITY AND COLLABORATION PROCEDURES Overview of Mobility and Collaboration, definitions, protocols and procedures H.500H.509 Mobility for H-Series multimedia systems and services H.510H.519 Mobile multimedia collaboration applic

5、ations and services H.520H.529 Security for mobile multimedia systems and services H.530H.539 Security for mobile multimedia collaboration applications and services H.540H.549 Mobility interworking procedures H.550H.559 Mobile multimedia collaboration inter-working procedures H.560H.569 BROADBAND, T

6、RIPLE-PLAY AND ADVANCED MULTIMEDIA SERVICES Broadband multimedia services over VDSL H.610H.619 Advanced multimedia services and applications H.620H.629 Ubiquitous sensor network applications and Internet of Things H.640H.649 IPTV MULTIMEDIA SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS FOR IPTV General aspects H.700H.7

7、19 IPTV terminal devices H.720H.729 IPTV middleware H.730H.739 IPTV application event handling H.740H.749 IPTV metadata H.750H.759 IPTV multimedia application frameworks H.760H.769 IPTV service discovery up to consumption H.770H.779 Digital Signage H.780H.789 E-HEALTH MULTIMEDIA SERVICES AND APPLICA

8、TIONS Interoperability compliance testing of personal health systems (HRN, PAN, LAN and WAN) H.820H.859 Multimedia e-health data exchange services H.860H.869 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. H series Supplement 17 (11/2014) i Supplement 17 to ITU-T H-series Rec

9、ommendations Guide for addressing accessibility in standards Summary Supplement 17 to the ITU-T Series of Recommendations provides guidance to standards developers on addressing accessibility requirements, and recommendations in standards that focus, directly or indirectly, on systems (i.e., product

10、s, services and built environments) used by people. To assist standards developers to define accessibility requirements and recommendations, the Supplement presents: a summary of current terminology relating to accessibility; issues to consider in support of accessibility in the standards developmen

11、t process; a set of accessibility goals (used to identify user accessibility needs); descriptions of (and design considerations for) human abilities and characteristics; strategies for addressing user accessibility needs and design considerations in standards. This supplement is technically aligned

12、with ISO/IEC Guide 71 (2014). It includes the following modifications: Deletion of terminological entry 2.19 “accessible design“, deletion of Note 2 in entry 2.18 “universal design“, and amended paragraph 7 of the Introduction. History _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.

13、int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T H Suppl. 17 2014-11-28 16 11.1002/1000/12358 ii H series Supplement 17 (11/2014) FOREWOR

14、D The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying te

15、chnical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups whic

16、h, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and

17、IEC. The pdf version of this document complies with the Acrobat Professional Accessibility Full Check. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this publica

18、tion is voluntary. However, the publication may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the publication is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“

19、 and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the publication is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve

20、 the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publicatio

21、n, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.

22、itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. H series Supplement 17 (11/2014) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions . 1 3 Accessibility . 2 3.1 General .

23、 2 3.2 Accessibility and standards 3 4 Accessibility in the standards development process . 3 4.1 General . 3 4.2 Considerations by standards bodies 3 4.3 Considerations related to the standards development process . 4 5 How to apply the guide . 6 5.1 Two approaches to addressing accessibility in st

24、andards . 6 5.2 Other sources of information 7 5.3 Verifying and validating that accessibility is adequately addressed 8 6 Accessibility goals 8 6.1 General . 8 6.2 The goals 10 7 Human abilities and characteristics 19 7.1 General . 19 7.2 Sensory abilities and characteristics . 20 7.3 Immunological

25、 system functions 24 7.4 Physical abilities and characteristics 25 7.5 Cognitive abilities . 30 8 Strategies for addressing user accessibility needs and design considerations in standards . 32 8.1 General . 32 8.2 Developing standard-specific requirements and recommendations based on user accessibil

26、ity needs and design considerations . 32 Annex A (informative) Global trends supporting accessibility 37 A.1 General . 37 A.2 Trends in global demographics and market diversity . 37 A.3 Models of disability 37 A.4 Trends in regulatory frameworks and governmental policies and standards . 37 A.5 Trend

27、s in design . 38 Annex B (informative) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as a resource for terminology 39 B.1 Function of the ICF as a resource for terminology . 39 B.2 ICF resource tools . 39 iv H series Supplement 17 (11/2014) Page B.3 ICF components term

28、inology and reference codes 39 B.4 Human abilities and characteristic terms to use as search terms in the ICF . 40 B.5 Additional resources other than the ICF for terminology reference frameworks . 40 Annex C (informative) Questions to aid in achieving the accessibility goals 41 Bibliography. 46 H s

29、eries Supplement 17 (11/2014) v Introduction The purpose of this supplement is to assist standards developers (e.g., technical committees or working groups) to address accessibility in standards that focus, whether directly or indirectly, on any type of system that people use. It provides guidance f

30、or developing and writing appropriate accessibility requirements and recommendations in standards. However, while its intended audience are standards developers, this guide contains information that can also be useful to other people, such as manufacturers, designers, service providers and educators

31、. The second edition of this guide, retitled “Guide for addressing accessibility in standards,“ builds upon the edition published in 2001, titled “Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities“. This edition takes account of developments in t

32、hinking and practice which have taken place since 2001 and takes a more inclusive approach. This edition also sets out to improve the usability and adoption of the guide itself. This guide, like its predecessor, is intended to be part of the overall framework that standards bodies can use in their e

33、fforts to support the development of systems that suit the needs of diverse users. It is an important goal for the whole of society that all people, regardless of their age, size or ability, have access to the broadest range of systems. Issues of accessibility to and usability of systems have become

34、 more critical as the number of people (such as older persons, children, persons with reduced abilities and persons with disabilities) with diverse user accessibility needs has increased. Based on their individual abilities and characteristics, peoples accessibility needs vary substantially and chan

35、ge throughout the course of their lives (i.e., as they advance from childhood to adulthood and on into old age). Impairments can be permanent, temporary or vary on a daily basis, and sometimes they are not fully recognized or acknowledged. In addition, although some limitations can be minor in natur

36、e, combinations of limitations can pose significant problems for individuals attempting to interact with systems. This is the case particularly where user accessibility needs and accessibility requirements were not recognized during development of those systems. Standards that include accessibility

37、requirements can support development of systems that can be used by more users. While much progress has been made worldwide in the development of accessibility standards relating to information and communications technology and the built environment, the development of accessibility standards relate

38、d to other sectors has not always kept pace. However, the requirements of national and international anti-discrimination legislation have become increasingly stringent. Additional recommendations are contained in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesRef-36 particul

39、arly in Articles 4, 9, 21 and 30), in the UN Committee of the rights of persons with disabilities, General Comment 2Ref-37 and emerging national and regional procurement regulations. International Standards of ISO and IEC and ITU-T Recommendations can play an important part in avoiding market fragme

40、ntation and achieving harmonized accessible systems rather than those that meet only national standards and are incompatible with those produced in other nations. The IEC/ISO/ITU Joint Policy Statement on Standardization and AccessibilityRef-25 sets out the basic principles for ensuring that the nee

41、ds of older persons, children and persons with disabilities are incorporated in the standards development process, providing justification on human rights and economic grounds. One of the core points of the Joint Policy Statement aims at ensuring that products, systems, services, environments and fa

42、cilities can be used by persons from a population with the widest range of characteristics and abilities. In this second edition, the guide is intended to supplement the Joint Policy Statement by providing a set of accessibility goals and describing human abilities and characteristics to assist stan

43、dards developers in identifying accessibility needs of diverse users in diverse contexts of use. The guidance provided in this supplement is general. The guide recognizes the principle that standards should normally not be design-restrictive. The guide therefore suggests ways of determining user vi

44、H series Supplement 17 (11/2014) accessibility needs without providing specific solutions. It is important to realize that one-size-fits-all solutions seldom meet every persons needs and that accessible features can benefit the majority of the population. Optimal solutions vary greatly depending on

45、the specific users and contexts of use. Additional sector-related guides might need to be developed for specific product or service sectors. H series Supplement 17 (11/2014) 1 Supplement 17 to ITU-T H-series Recommendations Guide for addressing accessibility in standards 1 Scope This supplement prov

46、ides guidance to standards developers on addressing accessibility requirements and recommendations in standards that focus, whether directly or indirectly, on systems (see clause 2.1) used by people. To assist standards developers to define accessibility requirements and recommendations, the supplem

47、ent presents: a summary of current terminology relating to accessibility; issues to consider in support of accessibility in the standards development process; a set of accessibility goals (used to identify user accessibility needs); descriptions of (and design considerations for) human abilities and

48、 characteristics; strategies for addressing user accessibility needs and design considerations in standards. This supplement is technically aligned with ISO/IEC Guide 71 (2014). It includes the following modifications: Deletion of terminological entry 2.19 “accessible design“, deletion of Note 2 in

49、entry 2.18 “universal design“, and amended paragraph 7 of the Introduction. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 system: Product, service or built environment, or any combination of them with which the user interacts. 2.2 user: Individual who accesses or interacts with a system. 2.3 diverse users: Individuals with differing abilities and characteristics or accessibility needs. 2.4 user accessibility nee