ITU-T L 162-2016 Microduct technology and its applications (Study Group 15)《管道技术及其应用(研究组15)》.pdf

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1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T L.162 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2016) SERIES L: ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS OF OUTSIDE P

2、LANT Optical fibre cables Guidance and installation technique Microduct technology and its applications Recommendation ITU-T L.162 ITU-T L-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS ENVIRONMENT AND ICTS, CLIMATE CHANGE, E-WASTE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION AND PROTECTION OF CABLES AND OTHER ELEMENTS O

3、F OUTSIDE PLANT OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES Cable structure and characteristics L.100L.124 Cable evaluation L.125L.149 Guidance and installation technique L.150L.199 OPTICAL INFRASTRUCTURES Infrastructure including node element (except cables) L.200L.249 General aspects and network design L.250L.299 MAINTE

4、NANCE AND OPERATION Optical fibre cable maintenance L.300L.329 Infrastructure maintenance L.330L.349 Operation support and infrastructure management L.350L.379 Disaster management L.380L.399 PASSIVE OPTICAL DEVICES L.400L.429 MARINIZED TERRESTRIAL CABLES L.430L.449 For further details, please refer

5、to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T L.162 (11/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T L.162 Microduct technology and its applications Summary Recommendation ITU-T L.162 describes the solutions for indoor and/or outdoor installation of microducts in various conditions: directly into the trench, exi

6、sting pipes, aerial applications and access to buildings. There is broad interest in this technology by telecommunication installation companies and operators for the deployment of optical networks, because it helps in the reutilization and optimization of the space inside existing pipes (e.g., larg

7、e ducts), as well as the minimization of civil works, the social impact and the cost of the plant. The same technology approach may be utilized for new microduct plant installations. These solutions can be applied in all segments of the telecommunications networks when existing infrastructure is ava

8、ilable for reuse or when it is necessary to create a new infrastructure. The required solution of microducts may differ according to the dimensions and the conditions of existing pipes and the dimensions of microcables to be laid. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 IT

9、U-T L.162 2016-11-13 15 11.1002/1000/13112 Keywords Infrastructure optimization, microcable, microduct, miniaturization, subduct. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:

10、/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T L.162 (11/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sect

11、or (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every

12、 four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview,

13、 the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntar

14、y. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the n

15、egative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the

16、 use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendat

17、ion, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:

18、/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T L.162 (11/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1

19、 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Microcable technology . 2 7 Microduct features 2 7.1 Single microduct . 2 7.2 Microducts infrastructure . 3 7.3 Microduct accessories 4 7.4 Factory-assembled microduct products 5 8 Microduct and microcable

20、 protection system . 5 9 Principle of microducts installation in existing pipe 5 10 Principle of microduct installation through walls entering the building 6 11 Principle of microducts installation in the building 7 12 Microducts installation in the long-haul network . 7 Bibliography. 8 iv Rec. ITU-

21、T L.162 (11/2016) Introduction The development of cables characterized by smaller diameters, but with the same fibre counts as traditional cables, has permitted the realization of new infrastructures, called microducts, with the goal of existing space optimization. When the operator considers laying

22、 new cables, it is recommended to evaluate the possibility of re-utilizing previously-occupied infrastructures. This technique is called subducting. As much of the cost for the construction of a ducted network is related to civil works, telecommunication installation companies and operators are eval

23、uating whether existing infrastructure (ducts from telecom operators, municipalities, power companies, the public lighting system, sewers, water and gas pipes) can be reutilized for the deployment of the future networks. Similarly, laying microducts in new plants can minimize the impact of civil wor

24、ks. One of possible solutions is using microducts and microcables. Other possibilities are associated with direct burial, aerial or semi aerial applications of microducts. Some particular microduct infrastructures can simplify the laying procedure. However, it is important to remember the existence

25、of other solutions to avoid civil works, for example, the replacement of copper cables with fibre cables and low fibre-count cables with high fibre-count cables. Rec. ITU-T L.162 (11/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T L.162 Microduct technology and its applications 1 Scope This Recommendation provides gen

26、eral information about features of microduct technology and requirements concerning its application in all segments of the telecommunications networks, with particular attention to the access network and access to buildings. This technology is mainly applied in underground installations but can also

27、 be used in aerial applications. This Recommendation provides: some application criteria about situations in which applying subducting techniques is needed; advice about technical features of the components used in microduct infrastructures; advice about subducting operating procedures; some applica

28、tion criteria for microduct entering the building. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommen

29、dations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly pu

30、blished. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T L.156 Recommendation ITU-T L.156 (2003), Air-assisted installation of optical fibre cables. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere None. 3.2 Terms def

31、ined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 microcable: An optical fibre cable that is suitable for installation into a subducting microduct. 3.2.2 microduct: A small, flexible tube with enough wall thickness to provide the mechanical protection required by the

32、 application, with outer and inner diameter defined according to the dimension and the condition of existing duct and the diameter of microcable. 3.2.3 microduct infrastructure: A complex of two or more microducts assembled in different configurations. 3.2.4 optical fibre element: Any of several typ

33、es of fibre units, micromodules, buffered fibre, etc. intended for installation in a manner similar to microcable. Refer to b-ITU-T L.108. 3.2.5 pipe/conduit: Existing infrastructure (empty or occupied with other cables) designed to accommodate the microtubes by means of subducting technique. 2 Rec.

34、 ITU-T L.162 (11/2016) 3.2.6 subducting: A technique that re-utilizes existing infrastructure to lay microducts, in order to optimize the space. 3.2.7 subducting microduct: Microduct appropriate for use within subducting technique. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following

35、abbreviations and acronyms: FTTx Fiber To The x, with “x“ being the home, the antenna, etc. HDPE High Density Polyethylene ID/OD mm ID value is the inner diameter of the microduct, and OD value is the outer diameter of the microduct (given in mm) 5 Conventions None. 6 Microcable technology The micro

36、cable is a compact optical fibre cable with a small diameter and construction enabling air-blown installation in microducts. The cable allows the deployment of currently required fibre count, thus the microcable provides a lower initial investment. Together with the microduct it allows for the flexi

37、bility to install and upgrade to the latest fiber technologies after the initial installation. Microcables can have 288 fibres or more. Microcables have outer diameters appropriate for use in microducts with diameters typically less than 16 mm. Typically, they have a central strength member, some lo

38、ose tubes containing fibres, a ripcord and an outer jacket often made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) for outdoor use, and flame retardant materials for indoor applications. The cable could be all dielectric or not, depending on the field application. The microcable remains flexible and provides

39、 reduced resistance when passed through the ducting, making it is easy to handle and install. Typically, the microcable can be used in operating temperatures of 30C / +70C. It is recommended to lay a microcable inside a microduct by using a blowing technique, according to ITU-T L.156. In appropriate

40、 applications, it is also possible to pull/push microcables directly. For additional information on this technology, refer to b-IEC 60794-5, b-IEC 60794-5-10, b-IEC 60794-5-20, b-IEC 60793-1-1, b-ITU-T G.650.1, b-ITU-T G.652, b-ITU-T G.655, b-ITU-T G.656, b-ITU-T G.657 and b-ITU-T L.108. 7 Microduct

41、 features 7.1 Single microduct The function of single microduct is the protection of a single fibre optic microcable. It is typically made of HDPE. The type of HDPE used should be suitable for general use without risks for health and guarantees the required rigidity, easy handling and other mechanic

42、al parameters (pressure resistance greater than 10 bar). The dimensions of microducts, used for outdoor subducting, should depend on the dimension and the condition of exiting pipes as well as the dimension of the microcable. Examples of dimensions are 10-12 mm (inner-outer diameter). Rec. ITU-T L.1

43、62 (11/2016) 3 Generally the inner and outer layers of the microduct are of the same material. However, the inner layer could be chiseled, not smooth, or otherwise profiled or be of a different material to minimize the friction of the cable during laying. Microducts should be single coloured or stri

44、ped in order to facilitate their identification in the field. Microducts with transparent stripes or transparent microducts with identifying coloured stripes should be used so that the operator can check the presence of cables inside. Microducts exposed to sunlight should be protected against UV deg

45、radation; this is of particular importance for the transparent section. (See Figure 7.1). Figure 7.1 Examples of single microducts The single microduct should be protected to prevent rodent attacks when laid directly in ducts placed inside galleries of public services or multi-purpose tunnels, bridg

46、es or viaducts. Such protection may include a single layer of glass yarn or steel armour, together with an outer sheath of HDPE or other material. Specialized outer sheaths such as polyamid or polyethylene with anti-rodent chemical additives could also be considered. 7.2 Microducts infrastructure Mi

47、croduct infrastructure is a complex of two or more microducts assembled in different configurations. A microduct infrastructure can be used when the number of microducts to be laid in existing pipe is more than two. The number and the dimension of microducts of the infrastructure change according to

48、 the dimension of the existing pipe and the type of cable inside it. Various kinds of microduct infrastructures can be used. 7.2.1 Flat infrastructure In the flat infrastructure, microducts are adjacently or tangentially joined with bridges side-by-side. These are also called flat bundle ducts. The

49、flat infrastructure can be used when existing pipe is occupied by other utility cables by using the small unoccupied space (see clause 9). The guiding effect inside the duct is better than with the single microducts which may have twists and bends. Flat bundles may also be effective in microtrenching applications. The flat infrastructure can contain some microducts, individually over-sheathed with a thin-wall bridge. The bridges should allow the folding of the microducts into a compact aggregate or flat configuration. (Se