ITU-R REPORT S 2151-2009 Use and examples of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations《自然灾害.pdf
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1、 Report ITU-R S.2151(10/2009)Use and examples of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations S SeriesFixed-satellite serviceRep. ITU-R S.2151 ii Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the
2、rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Rad
3、iocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex
4、1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent inf
5、ormation database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fi
6、xed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service system
7、s SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2009 ITU 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written pe
8、rmission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R S.2151 1 REPORT ITU-R S.2151 Use and examples of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations (2009) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 2 2 The use of small aperture earth stations fo
9、r relief operation in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies 2 2.1 Introduction. 2 2.2 Basic considerations . 2 2.2.1 Required services . 2 2.2.2 Channel and physical layer requirements 2 2.2.3 Network requirements 3 2.2.4 Associated earth station . 3 2.3 Required earth station e.i.r
10、.p. levels and satellite resources . 3 2.3.1 Example of link budget calculation . 8 2.4 Configuration of the transportable earth station . 10 2.4.1 Weight and size 10 2.4.2 Antenna 10 2.4.3 Power amplifier 10 2.4.4 Low-noise receiver. 11 2.5 Examples of transportable earth station realizations and s
11、ystem implementation . 11 2.5.1 Small transportable earth stations 11 2.5.2 Example of an emergency network and associated earth stations . 13 3 An example describing use of FSS system for warning operations in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies 18 3.1 Earthquake Early Warning Sy
12、stem. 18 3.2 Satellite delivery . 20 3.2.1 Advantage of the satellite network. 20 3.2.2 Example of the system for satellite delivery 20 3.3 Case examples of the EEW satellite delivery service. 22 3.4 Further development of the satellite delivery system . 22 4 Conclusions 23 2 Rep. ITU-R S.2151 1 Int
13、roduction This Report describes how fixed-satellite service (FSS) systems can provide disaster relief radiocommunications. When developing a new FSS system in preparation to respond to natural disasters, the technical characteristics of the satellite(s) to be accessed should be considered in the des
14、ign of such FSS system. In 2 of this Report, the summary of system design and examples of characteristics of systems using small aperture earth stations are provided. Additionally, since FSS systems are inherently suitable for data delivery, they are expected to be utilized for warning operations. I
15、n 3 of this Report, the outline of an earthquake early warning system is provided as an example of warning operations using FSS system. FSS systems operate in general on frequency bands as identified in Recommendation ITU-R S.1001. 2 The use of small aperture earth stations for relief operation in t
16、he event of natural disasters and similar emergencies 2.1 Introduction In the event of natural disasters, epidemics and famines, etc., there is an urgent need for a reliable telecommunication link for use in relief operations. Satellite appears as the most appropriate means to quickly set up a telec
17、ommunication link with remote facilities. The main requirements of such a satellite system are discussed here. Assuming the system is to operate in the FSS, it is desirable that a small earth station, such as a fixed VSAT, a vehicle-mounted earth station or a transportable earth station, with access
18、 to an existing satellite system, should be available for transportation to, and installation at, the disaster area. It is also desirable that the system relies on widespread standards so that: equipment is readily available; interoperability is ensured; reliability is ensured. This 2 provides mater
19、ial that may be useful in planning the use of systems in the FSS in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations. 2.2 Basic considerations 2.2.1 Required services The basic telecommunication architecture for relief operations should be composed of a link c
20、onnecting the disaster area with designated relief centres, and its basic telecommunication services should comprise at least telephony, any kind of data (IP, datagrams, facsimile, .), video. For such transmission, digital transmission technologies are employed in most cases. 2.2.2 Channel and physi
21、cal layer requirements In digital transmissions, one means to measure the performance of the coded channel is the bit error probability (BEP). The recommended objective BEP in the FSS provided in Recommendation ITU-R S.1062 is 106for 99.8% of time in the worst month. This BEP results both from the s
22、ignal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNIR), which is the performance of the channel, and from the coding. Appropriate coding can compensate, to a certain extent, for poor channel quality but lowers the useful bit rate. Rep. ITU-R S.2151 3 The particular conditions of transmission in the place of a
23、 disaster in case of both warning and relief operation (e.g. climate of site, nature of mission, ), which might degrade the channel quality, should be taken into account by reinforcing coding. The ideal would be to have adaptive coding, i.e. a system able to get back information from the channel and
24、 to respond by adapting the coding rate. 2.2.3 Network requirements For relief operations, due to the essential requirement of having small antennas, it is preferable to operate the network in the 14/12 GHz band or even in the 30/20 GHz band. Although the bands such as 6/4 GHz require larger antenna
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